Annual Research Review: Sex, gender, and internalizing conditions among adolescents in the 21st century – trends, causes, consequences

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 65(4), P. 384 - 407

Published: July 17, 2023

Internalizing conditions of psychopathology include depressive and anxiety disorders; they most often onset in adolescence, are relatively common, contribute to significant population morbidity mortality. In this research review, we present the evidence that internalizing conditions, including depression anxiety, as well psychological distress, suicidal thoughts self-harm, fatal suicide, considerably increasing adolescent populations across many countries. Evidence indicates increases currently greatest female adolescents. We an epidemiological framework for evaluating causes these increases, synthesize on whether several established risk factors (e.g., age pubertal transition stressful life events) novel digital technology social media) meet necessary be plausible conditions. conclude there a multitude potential outline gaps lack nonbinary gender nonconforming populations, recommend prevention intervention foci from clinical public health perspective.

Language: Английский

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A hidden pandemic? An umbrella review of global evidence on mental health in the time of COVID-19

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 8, 2023

Background The mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic remain a public concern. High quality synthesis extensive global literature is needed to quantify this impact and identify factors associated with adverse outcomes. Methods We conducted rigorous umbrella review meta-review present (a) pooled prevalence probable depression, anxiety, stress, psychological distress, post-traumatic (b) standardised mean difference in depression anxiety pre-versus-during period, (c) comprehensive narrative poorer Databases searched included Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, MEDLINE dated March 2022. Eligibility criteria systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses, published post-November 2019, reporting data English on outcomes during pandemic. Findings Three hundred thirty-eight were included, 158 which incorporated meta-analyses. Meta-review symptoms ranged from 24.4% (95%CI: 18–31%, I 2 : 99.98%) for general populations 41.1% 23–61%, 99.65%) vulnerable populations. Prevalence depressive 22.9% 17–30%, 99.99%) 32.5% 17–52%, 99.35) distress PTSD/PTSS 39.1% 34–44%; 99.91%), 44.2% 32–58%; 99.95%), 18.8% 15–23%; 99.87%), respectively. comparing pre-COVID-19 revealed standard differences 0.20 (95%CI = 0.07–0.33) 0.29 0.12–0.45), Conclusion This first synthesise longitudinal show that significantly higher than pre-COVID-19, provide some evidence adolescents, pregnant postpartum people, those hospitalised experienced heightened health. Policymakers can modify future responses accordingly mitigate such measures

Language: Английский

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Suicide in Global Mental Health

Current Psychiatry Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 255 - 262

Published: May 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections and Long COVID in the Post-Omicron Phase of the Pandemic

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(16), P. 12962 - 12962

Published: Aug. 19, 2023

We are reviewing the current state of knowledge on virological and immunological correlates long COVID, focusing recent evidence for possible association between increasing number SARS-CoV-2 reinfections parallel pandemic COVID. The severity largely depends initial episode; in turn, this is determined both by a combination genetic factors, particularly related to innate immune response, pathogenicity specific variant, especially its ability infect induce syncytia formation at lower respiratory tract. cumulative risk COVID as well various cardiac, pulmonary, or neurological complications increases proportionally infections, primarily elderly. Therefore, cases expected remain high future. Reinfections apparently increase likelihood but less so if they mild asymptomatic children adolescents. Strategies prevent urgently needed, among older adults who have higher burden comorbidities. Follow-up studies using an established case definition precise diagnostic criteria people with without reinfection may further elucidate contribution burden. Although accumulating supports vaccination, before after infection, preventive strategy reduce more robust comparative observational studies, including randomized trials, needed provide conclusive effectiveness vaccination preventing mitigating all age groups. Thankfully, answers not only prevention, also treatment options rates recovery from gradually starting emerge.

Language: Английский

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Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Children and Adolescents and Association with Multiple Outcomes: An Umbrella Review

Healthcare, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 449 - 449

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been linked to numerous health benefits. This umbrella review aims synthesize evidence from systematic reviews on the MD's impact children and adolescents aged 6 19 years. Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, we included 11 focusing effects outcomes, such as asthma, anthropometric measures, physical fitness, inflammatory markers. results indicate a protective role of MD against childhood asthma due its antioxidant-rich components. However, for allergic conditions like rhinitis eczema is inconclusive. Findings regarding particularly BMI, are limited inconsistent. A positive correlation was observed between adherence increased activity, improved quality life, reduced sedentary behavior. Additionally, showed an inverse relationship with pro-inflammatory biomarkers, suggesting anti-inflammatory inconsistency in BMI findings potential properties warrant further longitudinal research. Future studies should explore cognitive functions, academic performance, mental this age group, highlighting significance establishing healthy eating habits early life.

Language: Английский

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Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children and young people: an umbrella review

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 77(11), P. 704 - 709

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Over the past 3 years, a multitude of studies have highlighted impact COVID-19 pandemic on mental health children and young people (CYP). In this umbrella review, we synthesise global evidence CYP from existing systematic reviews with and/or without meta-analysis.Adopting Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses guidelines, evaluated 349 citations identified 24 eligible medium to high methodological quality be reviewed narratively.Most reported prevalence anxiety disorders, depression, suicidal behaviour, eating disorders other problems. Most that used data at multiple time points indicate significant increase in problems CYP, particularly females older adolescents.Multipronged psychosocial care services, policies programmes are needed alleviate burden as consequence associated measures.CRD42021276312.

Language: Английский

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The Economics of Treatment for Depression

Annual Review of Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 527 - 551

Published: Dec. 15, 2023

The global prevalence of depression has risen over the past three decades across all socioeconomic groups and geographic regions, with a particularly rapid increase in among adolescents (aged 12-17 years) United States. Depression imposes large health, economic, societal costs, including reduced life span quality life, medical educational attainment workplace productivity. A wide range treatment modalities for are available, but disparities access driven by lack culturally tailored options, stigma, provider shortages, other barriers. This review highlights need comparative research to better understand treatments' relative efficacy, cost-effectiveness, scalability, potential heterogeneity efficacy country cultural contexts. To address growing burden depression, mental health policy could consider reducing restrictions on supply providers, implementing digital interventions, promoting healthy lifestyles.

Language: Английский

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Evidence linking COVID-19 and the health/well-being of children and adolescents: an umbrella review

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: March 13, 2024

Abstract Background Experiences during childhood and adolescence have enduring impacts on physical mental well-being, overall quality of life, socioeconomic status throughout one’s lifetime. This underscores the importance prioritizing health children adolescents to establish an impactful healthcare system that benefits both individuals society. It is crucial for providers policymakers examine relationship between COVID-19 adolescents, as this understanding will guide creation interventions policies long-term management virus. Methods In umbrella review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023401106), systematic reviews were identified from Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews; EMBASE (OvidSP); MEDLINE (OvidSP) December 2019 February 2023. Pairwise single-arm meta-analyses extracted included reviews. The methodological appraisal was completed using AMSTAR-2 tool. Single-arm re-presented under six domains associated with condition. classified into five according evidence classification criteria. Rosenberg’s FSN calculated binary continuous measures. Results We 1551 301 pairwise 124 met our predefined criteria inclusion. focus meta-analytical predominantly outcomes COVID-19, encompassing study designs. However, rigor suboptimal. Based gathered meta-analyses, we constructed illustrative representation disease severity, clinical manifestations, laboratory radiological findings, treatments, 2020 2022. Additionally, discovered 17 instances strong or highly suggestive concerning long-COVID, pediatric comorbidity, vaccines, health, depression. Conclusions findings advocate implementation surveillance systems track consequences establishment multidisciplinary collaborative rehabilitation programs affected younger populations. future research endeavors, it important prioritize investigation non-physical bridge gap application in field.

Language: Английский

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Prevalence and correlates of sleep disturbance among adolescents in the eastern seaboard of China

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: April 10, 2024

Abstract Background Sleep disturbances are serious public health issues that warrant increased attention, especially in adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with sleep disorders among urban adolescents China. Methods This utilized an online survey assess demographic characteristics mental status secondary school students Lianyungang City. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) used evaluate seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) assessed anxiety symptoms, Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) measure perceived social support. Results Among 3443 adolescents, were 10.8%, significantly higher proportions (13.7% VS 8.3%, P < 0.001) female when compared males. Binary regression analysis revealed symptoms (OR = 1.305, 95% CI: 1.269–1.342, risk factor for disturbances, significant other support 0.944, 0.896–0.994, 0.028) good annual household income 0.616, 0.394–0.963, 0.034) protective factors. Furthermore, multinomial logistic showed age, sex, elevated experiencing more frequent (all 0.05). Conclusions We have found 10.8% experience disorders, it is evident various can influence healthy sleeping. These results underscore significance addressing these enhance population.

Language: Английский

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Assessment and Psychometric Properties of the 21-Item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) among Portuguese Higher Education Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 2546 - 2560

Published: Nov. 6, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused substantial disruptions in the lives of higher education students, with detrimental repercussions for academic performance and overall mental health. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate prevalence depression, anxiety, stress symptoms among Portuguese students during first wave coronavirus investigate DASS-21's psychometric characteristics whether it functions effectively a pandemic. A convenience sampling procedure was used recruit 1522 participants (75.1% women 79.2% undergraduate students) this cross-sectional research. Participants completed an e-survey created using DASS-21. results revealed considerable depression [≥10] (N = 434, 28.5%), anxiety [≥7] 551, 36.2%), [≥11] 544, 35.7%). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) scale's three-factor structure, which matched three DASS-21 subscales. Subsequently, heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) correlation ratio evaluated discriminant validity, relatively good. Cronbach's alpha measured internal consistency DASS subscales, excellent (Cronbach's α > 0.90). shown be reliable appropriate measure assessing students' Furthermore, is recommended use by academics healthcare professionals measuring psychological distress. Further validation studies scale are needed larger more representative samples.

Language: Английский

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