The Role of Selenium in Pathologies: An Updated Review

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 251 - 251

Published: Jan. 27, 2022

Selenium is an essential microelement required for a number of biological functions. Selenium-and more specifically the amino acid selenocysteine-is present in at least 25 human selenoproteins involved wide variety functions, ranging from regulation reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration to biosynthesis hormones. These processes also play central role preventing and modulating clinical outcome several diseases, including cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, mental disorders, cardiovascular fertility impairments, inflammation, infections (including SARS-CoV-2). Over past years, studies focusing on relationship between selenium such pathologies have been reported. Generally, adequate nutritional state-and some cases supplementation-have related improved prognostic reduced risk developing diseases. On other hand, supra-nutritional levels might adverse effects. The results recent these topics are summarized discussed this review, with particular emphasis advances achieved last decade.

Language: Английский

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Toxicology and pharmacology of synthetic organoselenium compounds: an update

Archives of Toxicology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 95(4), P. 1179 - 1226

Published: April 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Dietary and Physiological Effects of Zinc on the Immune System

Annual Review of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 133 - 175

Published: July 13, 2021

Evidence for the importance of zinc all immune cells and mounting an efficient balanced response to various environmental stressors has been accumulating in recent years. This article describes role fundamental biological processes summarizes our current knowledge zinc's effect on hematopoiesis, including differentiation into cell subtypes. In addition, important during activation function is detailed associated with specific responses bacteria, parasites, viruses. The association autoimmune reactions cancers as diseases increased or decreased also discussed. provides a broad overview manifold roles that zinc, its deficiency, plays physiology diseases. Consequently, we discuss why supplementation should be considered, especially people at risk deficiency.

Language: Английский

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Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Minerals in Relation to a Healthy Gut Microbiome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(13), P. 6803 - 6803

Published: June 24, 2021

Adequate amounts of a wide range micronutrients are needed by body tissues to maintain health. Dietary intake must be sufficient meet these micronutrient requirements. Mineral deficiency does not seem the result physically active life or athletic training but is more likely arise from disturbances in quality and quantity ingested food. The lack some minerals appears symbolic modern era reflecting either excessive empty calories negative energy balance drastic weight-loss diets. Several animal studies provide convincing evidence for an association between dietary availability microbial composition gut. However, influence human gut microbiota on bioaccessibility bioavailability trace elements food has rarely been studied. Bacteria play role effecting mineral bioaccessibility, which further increased through fermentation cereals soaking germination crops. Moreover, probiotics have positive effect iron, calcium, selenium, zinc relation microbiome metabolism. current literature reveals beneficial effects bacteria supporting both overall This review focuses interactions several sport nutrition, as related lifestyle.

Language: Английский

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Selenium Metabolism and Biosynthesis of Selenoproteins in the Human Body

Biochemistry (Moscow), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 87(S1), P. S168 - S177

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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The relationship between nutrition and the immune system

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Dec. 8, 2022

Nutrition plays an essential role in the regulation of optimal immunological response, by providing adequate nutrients sufficient concentrations to immune cells. There are a large number micronutrients, such as minerals, and vitamins, well some macronutrients amino acids, cholesterol fatty acids demonstrated exert very important specific impact on appropriate activity. This review aims summarize at extent amount data accrued date related modulation function certain micro emphasize their importance maintaining human health. Thus, among many, relevant case point examples brought discussed: (1) The vitamin A/all-trans-retinoic-acids (ATRA) acute promyelocytic leukemia, being this utilized efficient therapeutic agent via effective (2) involvement C fight against tumor cells increase active NK (3) stimulation apoptosis, suppression cancer cell proliferation, delayed development mediated calcitriol/vitamin D means immunity (4) use selenium cofactor reach more response COVID vaccination (5). crucial regulate function, which is be sensitive variations macronutrient concentration. Other reviewed well.

Language: Английский

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Nutrition, Immunosenescence, and Infectious Disease: An Overview of the Scientific Evidence on Micronutrients and on Modulation of the Gut Microbiota

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. S1 - S26

Published: May 6, 2022

The immune system is key to host defense against pathogenic organisms. Aging associated with changes in the system, a decline protective components (immunosenescence), increasing susceptibility infectious disease, and chronic elevation low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), risk of multiple noncommunicable diseases. Nutrition determinant cell function gut microbiota. In turn, microbiota shapes controls inflammatory responses. Many older people show Age-related competence, inflammation, dysbiosis may be interlinked relate, at least part, age-related nutrition. A number micronutrients (vitamins C, D, E zinc selenium) play roles supporting many types. Some trials report that providing these as individual supplements can reverse deficits and/or those insufficient intakes. There inconsistent evidence this will reduce or severity infections including respiratory infections. Probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic strategies modulate microbiota, especially by promoting colonization lactobacilli bifidobacteria, have been demonstrated some biomarkers and, cases, gastrointestinal infections, although, again, inconsistent. Further research well-designed well-powered at-risk populations required more certain about role modify microbiota-host relationship protecting infection, infection.

Language: Английский

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Low Zinc Levels at Admission Associates with Poor Clinical Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 562 - 562

Published: Feb. 9, 2021

Zinc is an essential micronutrient that impacts host-pathogen interplay at infection. balances immune responses, and also has a proven direct antiviral action against some viruses. Importantly, zinc deficiency (ZD) common condition in elderly individuals with chronic diseases, two groups increased risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. We hypothesize serum content (SZC) influences COVID-19 progression, thus might represent useful biomarker.

Language: Английский

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Nutrition and immunity: lessons for COVID-19

Nutrition and Diabetes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: June 23, 2021

Abstract The role of the immune system is to protect individual against pathogenic organisms. Nutrition one multiple factors that determines response and good nutrition important in supporting response. Immunity can be impaired older people, particularly those who are frail, living with obesity, malnourished low intakes micronutrients. impairments associated nutritional inadequacy increase susceptibility infection permit infections become more severe, even fatal. adverse impact poor on system, including its inflammatory component, may explanations for higher risk severe outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 seen people obesity. Studies micronutrients vitamin D zinc suggest roles reducing severity SARS-CoV-2. Good also promoting a diverse gut microbiota, which turn supports system. importance applies assuring robust responses vaccination. There many lessons study immunity relevant battle

Language: Английский

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The Influence of Nutritional Factors on Immunological Outcomes

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 31, 2021

Through food intake, humans obtain a variety of nutrients that are essential for growth, cellular function, tissue development, energy, and immune defense. A special interaction between gut-associated lymphoid occurs in the intestinal tract. Enterocytes barrier act as sensors antigens from microbiota, which they deliver to underlying system lamina propria, triggering an response. Studies investigating mechanism influence nutrition on immunological outcomes have highlighted important role macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids) micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, antioxidants, probiotics) modulating homeostasis. Nutrients exert their innate immunity inflammation by regulating expression TLRs, pro- anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus interfering with cell crosstalk signaling. Chemical substrates derived nutrient metabolism may cofactors or blockers enzymatic activity, influencing molecular pathways chemical reactions associated microbial killing, inflammation, oxidative stress. Immune function appears be influenced certain form parts membrane structure involved energy production prevention cytotoxicity. also contribute initiation regulation adaptive responses B T lymphocyte differentiation, proliferation activation, antibody production. The purpose this review is present available data field nutritional immunology elucidate complex dynamic relationship system, delineation will lead optimized regimens disease patient care.

Language: Английский

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