Natural Ingredients to Improve Immunity

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 528 - 528

Published: April 1, 2023

The immune system protects the body from infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Once encountered with pathogens antigens, innate and adaptive arms of trigger a strong response to eliminate them protect body. Thus, well-balanced immunity is pivotal for maintaining human health, an insufficient level defense leads infections tumors. In contrast, excessive functioning causes development autoimmune diseases allergies. Strong requires adequate nutrition, dietary interventions, sufficient intake certain vitamins (vitamin C, vitamin D, folic acid) minerals (magnesium, zinc, selenium). Therefore, nutritional micronutrient deficiencies lead compromised immunity. Several natural ingredients have shown potent immunomodulatory properties. immune-enhancing properties many plants fungi are due containing bioactive phytoconstituents polyphenols, terpenoids, β-glucans, vitamins, etc. Probiotics prebiotics can be used innovative tools reduce intestinal inflammation downregulate hypersensitivity reactions. Plant sources melatonin, multifunctional molecule proven anti-inflammatory properties, been discovered relatively recently. compounds augment by directly increasing cytotoxic activity killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils. Many prevent cell damage their powerful antimicrobial, antioxidant, present review attempts understand molecular mechanisms underlying some plants, fungi, animals, microorganisms, other sources.

Language: Английский

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Zinc Toxicity: Understanding the Limits

Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(13), P. 3130 - 3130

Published: July 1, 2024

Zinc, a vital trace element, holds significant importance in numerous physiological processes within the body. It participates over 300 enzymatic reactions, metabolic functions, regulation of gene expression, apoptosis and immune modulation, thereby demonstrating its essential role maintaining overall health well-being. While zinc deficiency is associated with risks, an excess this element can also lead to harmful effects. According World Health Organization (WHO), 6.7 15 mg per day are referred be dietary reference value. An recommended daily intake may result symptoms such as anemia, neutropenia zinc-induced copper deficiency. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) defines tolerable upper level (UL) 25 day, whereas Drug Administration (FDA) allows 40 day. This review will summarize current knowledge regarding calculation UL other risks zinc. For example, not limited oral consumption; routes, inhalation or topical application, pose intoxication.

Language: Английский

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Preventing and Controlling Zinc Deficiency Across the Life Course: A Call to Action

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 100181 - 100181

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Through diverse roles, zinc determines a greater number of critical life functions than any other single micronutrient. Beyond the well-recognized importance for child growth and resistance to infections, has numerous specific roles covering regulation glucose metabolism, growing evidence links deficiency with increased risk diabetes cardiometabolic disorders. Zinc nutriture is thus vitally important health across course. also one most common forms micronutrient malnutrition globally. A clearer estimate burden disparity attributable in adulthood later emerges when accounting its contribution global elevated fasting blood related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Yet progress attenuating prevalence been limited due, part, lack sensitive methods assess human status. This narrative review covers recent developments our understanding zinc's role health; impact changing climate context on intake; novel functional biomarkers showing promise monitoring population-level interventions; solutions improving population intake. It aims spur implementation evidence-based interventions preventing controlling Increasing intake combatting requires context-specific strategies combination complementary, including supplementation, food fortification, agricultural such as biofortification, alongside efforts improve bioavailability. Enhancing dietary content bioavailability through biofortification an inclusive nutrition solution that can benefit vulnerable individuals populations affected by inadequate diets greatest extent.

Language: Английский

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Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Molecules Involved in Its Imunopathogenesis, Clinical Features, and Treatment

Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(4), P. 747 - 747

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an idiopathic chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any organ in the body, including neurological system. Multiple factors, such as environmental (infections), genetic (many HLA alleles DR2 and DR3, genes C4), immunological influences on self-antigens, nuclear antigens, lead to formation of multiple autoantibodies cause deleterious damage bodily tissues organs. The production autoantibodies, anti-dsDNA, anti-SS(A), anti-SS(B), anti-Smith, anti-neuronal DNA are characteristic features this disease. This results from a failure mechanisms responsible for maintaining self-tolerance T cells, B or both. Immune complexes, circulating antibodies, cytokines, autoreactive lymphocytes tissue injury diagnosis SLE rheumatological challenge despite availability clinical criteria. NPSLE was previously referred cerebritis sclerosis. However, these terms no longer recommended because there definitive pathological neuropsychiatric manifestations SLE. Currently, treatment options primarily based symptomatic presentations. These include use antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytic medications psychiatric mood disorders. Antiepileptic drugs treat seizures, immunosuppressants (e.g., corticosteroids, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil), directed against inflammatory responses along with non-pharmacological interventions.

Language: Английский

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Biometallic ions and derivatives: a new direction for cancer immunotherapy

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Biometallic ions play a crucial role in regulating the immune system. In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has become breakthrough treatment, achieving good efficacy wide range of cancers with its specificity and durability advantages. However, existing therapies still face challenges, such as tolerance escape. (e.g. zinc, copper, magnesium, manganese, etc.) can assist enhancing through activation cells, enhancement tumor antigen presentation, improvement microenvironment. addition, biometallic derivatives directly inhibit cell progression offer possibility effectively overcoming limitations current by promoting responses reducing immunosuppressive signals. This review explores potential application prospects immunotherapy, providing new ideas for future clinical metal part helping to guide development more effective safe therapeutic regimens.

Language: Английский

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Immunomodulatory biomaterials for implant-associated infections: from conventional to advanced therapeutic strategies

Biomaterials Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: Sept. 30, 2022

Abstract Implant-associated infection (IAI) is increasingly emerging as a serious threat with the massive application of biomaterials. Bacteria attached to surface implants are often difficult remove and exhibit high resistance bactericides. In quest for novel antimicrobial strategies, conventional materials fail exert their function because they tend focus on direct bactericidal activity while neglecting modulation immune systems. The inflammatory response induced by host cells was thought be detrimental force impeding wound healing. However, system has recently received increasing attention vital player in host’s defense against infection. Anti-infective strategies based defenses field interest. This review explains importance combating infections describes current advanced immune-enhanced anti-infection strategies. First, characteristics traditional/conventional implant biomaterials reasons difficulty bacterial clearance IAI were reviewed. Second, battle bacteria elucidated. Then, we discuss how design that activate enhance potential. Based key premise restoring proper host-protective immunity, varying discussed. Finally, issues perspectives this offered. will provide scientific guidance development anti-infective

Language: Английский

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Metal ions and nanometallic materials in antitumor immunity: Function, application, and perspective

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

The slightest change in the extra/intracellular concentration of metal ions results amplified effects by signaling cascades that regulate both cell fate within tumor microenvironment and immune status, which influences network antitumor immunity through various pathways. Based on fact influence cancer cells participate innate adaptive immunity, they are widely applied therapy as modulators. Moreover, nanomedicine possesses advantage precise delivery responsive release, can perfectly remedy drawbacks ions, such low target selectivity systematic toxicity, thus providing an ideal platform for ion application treatment. Emerging evidence has shown immunotherapy with nanometallic materials may significantly enhance therapeutic efficacy. Here, we focus physiopathology tumorigenesis discuss several breakthroughs regarding use immunotherapeutics. These findings demonstrate prominence ion-based prophylaxis, many new ideas basic research clinical application. Consequently, provide innovative insights into comprehensive understanding combined past few years.

Language: Английский

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Trace element zinc and skin disorders

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

Zinc is a necessary trace element and an important constituent of proteins other biological molecules. It has many functions, including antioxidant, skin mucous membrane integrity maintenance, the promotion various enzymatic transcriptional responses. The contains third most zinc in organism. deficiency can lead to range diseases. Except for acrodermatitis enteropathic, rare genetic deficiency, it also been reported In recent years, supplementation widely used conditions, infectious diseases (viral warts, genital herpes, cutaneous leishmaniasis, leprosy), inflammatory (hidradenitis suppurativa, acne vulgaris, rosacea, eczematous dermatitis, seborrheic psoriasis, Behcet's disease, oral lichen planus), pigmentary (vitiligo, melasma), tumor-associated (basal cell carcinoma), endocrine metabolic (necrolytic migratory erythema, necrolytic acral erythema), hair (alopecia), so on. We reviewed literature on application dermatology provide references better use.

Language: Английский

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A review of the impact of dietary zinc on livestock health

Journal of Trace Elements and Minerals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5, P. 100085 - 100085

Published: July 7, 2023

Zinc is a crucial trace element that plays vital role in various physiological functions, including immune function, growth, and reproduction livestock. deficiency can lead to health problems livestock, such as decreased growth rates, impaired reproductive performance, increased susceptibility diseases. In contrast, supplementing livestock diets with zinc promote enhance microbiome balance, leading improved animal welfare productivity. This review seeks provide valuable information for researchers, veterinarians, producers on the effects of dietary supplementation. Current knowledge importance well mechanistic insights are discussed.

Language: Английский

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Bioactive Compounds, Health Benefits and Food Applications of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) and Artichoke By-Products: A Review

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(11), P. 4940 - 4940

Published: June 6, 2024

Cynara scolymus L. is an herbaceous plant originally from the western Mediterranean area, with Italy, Spain and France main being producers. Both edible flowering head by-products generated during processing (outer bracts, leaves stem) are characterized by a high content of essential vitamins, minerals bioactive compounds. In particular, represent great source phenolic acids derived caffeoylquinic acid or flavonoids such as luteonin apigenin, while stem contain soluble insoluble dietary fiber, especially inulin pectins. Its compounds provides artichoke antioxidant power due to modulation effect transcription factor Nrf2, which may lead protection against cardiovascular, hepatic neurological disorders. The potential use functional ingredient in food industry be promising terms improving nutritional value products, well preventing oxidation extending shelf-life processed foods its antimicrobial activity. This review aims provide overview qualities by-products, focusing on possible health effects applications products higher-value-added alternative ingredient.

Language: Английский

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