The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 859, P. 160218 - 160218
Published: Nov. 19, 2022
Language: Английский
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 39(6), P. 819 - 860
Published: Jan. 25, 2022
Urban environments lie at the confluence of social, cultural, and economic activities have unique biophysical characteristics due to continued infrastructure development that generally replaces natural landscapes with built-up structures. The vast majority studies on urban perturbation local weather climate been centered heat island (UHI) effect, referring higher temperature in cities compared their surroundings. Besides UHI effect waves, urbanization also impacts atmospheric moisture, wind, boundary layer structure, cloud formation, dispersion air pollutants, precipitation, storms. In this review article, we first introduce datasets methods used studying areas through both observation modeling then summarize scientific insights impact various aspects regional extreme based more than 500 studies. We highlight major research gaps challenges our understanding provide perspective recommendations for future priorities directions.城市环境位于社会、文化和经济活动的结合点,城市下垫面具有独特的生物物理特征。在城市化过程中持续的基础设施建设导致自然景观被建筑物替代。在过去很长时间,绝大部分城市影响天气气候的研究和城市热岛效应(城市及上空温度高于周边地区)有关。除了城市热岛效应,城市化也影响大气湿度、风、边界层结构、云的形成、污染物扩散、降水和暴雨。在这篇综述文章中,我们阅览了超过五百篇文献,从观测和模拟两个方面,首先介绍了用于城市化及影响研究的数据资料和方法,总结了城市化影响区域气候和极端天气的各个领域的科学要点。我们也例举了在理解城市化影响方面目前存在的主要问题和挑战,提出了相应的未来研究重点和方向。.
Language: Английский
Citations
213
Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 295, P. 113650 - 113650
Published: June 1, 2023
Language: Английский
Citations
59
The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 860, P. 160508 - 160508
Published: Nov. 28, 2022
This study examined the impact of cool roofs, green and solar panel roofs on near-surface temperature cooling energy demand through regional modeling in Chicago metropolitan area (CMA). The new parameterization based model physics has recently been developed, updated, coupled to a multilayer building that is fully integrated with Weather Research Forecasting model. We evaluate performance against observation measurements show our capable being suited tool simulate heatwave event. Next, we examine by characterizing air its diurnal cycle from experiments without different rooftops. also estimate rooftop urban island intensity (UHII), surface heat flux, boundary layer. Finally, measure rooftops citywide air-conditioning consumption. Results deployment roof can reduce most over areas, followed roof. experiment was only one where trended down as fraction increased, indicating effective mitigation strategy among these three options. For consumption, it be reduced 16.6 %, 14.0 7.6 when are deployed, respectively. Although smallest reduction if assume all electricity production applied demand, expect almost savings half (46.7 %) demand.
Language: Английский
Citations
43
The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 859, P. 160270 - 160270
Published: Nov. 16, 2022
Language: Английский
Citations
40
One Earth, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. 738 - 750
Published: June 1, 2023
The combined impact of urbanization-induced warming and drying on large-scale heat stress disparities remains unknown, with multicity studies using satellite-derived land surface temperature as a proxy for these disparities. Here, high-resolution urban-resolving numerical model simulations 2014–2018, we find pervasive in all-sky average maximum summertime air moist metrics across US cities, higher outdoor exposure poorer primarily non-white census tracts. Ninety-four percent the urban population (228 million) live cities where burdens poor, inequities between white populations strongly associated residential segregation. Similarly, historically redlined neighborhoods show than their non-redlined counterparts, demonstrating how historical segregation relates to present-day environmental inequalities. Our results provide quantitative estimates physiologically relevant at national scale highlight potential biases when satellites these.
Language: Английский
Citations
38
Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 50(15)
Published: Aug. 8, 2023
Abstract A comprehensive comparison of the trends and drivers global surface canopy urban heat islands (termed I s c trends, respectively) is critical for better designing mitigation strategies. However, such a remains largely absent. Using spatially continuous land temperatures air (2003–2020), here we find that magnitude mean trend (0.19 ± 0.006°C/decade, SE) 5,643 cities worldwide nearly six‐times corresponding (0.03 0.002°C/decade) during day, while former (0.06 0.004°C/decade) double latter at night. Variable importance scores indicate daytime slightly more controlled by property, background climate plays dominant role in regulating trend. At night, both are mainly climate.
Language: Английский
Citations
33
Water, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(16), P. 2983 - 2983
Published: Aug. 18, 2023
The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is a significant concern in today’s rapidly urbanising cities, with exacerbating heatwaves’ impact, urban livelihood, and environmental well-being. This study aims to assess the cooling of blue-green spaces Bhubaneswar, India, explore their implications for mitigating UHI effects. Satellite images were processed Google Earth Engine (GEE) produce information on spaces’ land surface temperatures (LST). Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Modified Water (MNDWI) employed quantify presence characteristics these spaces. findings revealed spatial variations LST, higher observed bare built-up areas lower proximity In addition, correlation analysis indicated strong influence index (NDBI) emphasising impact urbanisation local climate dynamics. demonstrated potential reducing Based results, strategic interventions proposed, such as increasing coverage green spaces, optimising access water bodies, integrating water-sensitive design principles into planning enhance effects foster more sustainable resilient environment. highlighted importance leveraging remote sensing GEE analyses. It provides valuable insights policymakers planners prioritise nature-based solutions heat mitigation Bhubaneswar other similar cities. Future research could delve deeper quantitative assessment benefits specific infrastructure socio-economic impacts communities.
Language: Английский
Citations
26
One Earth, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(8), P. 1387 - 1401
Published: June 13, 2024
Urbanization is usually ignored when estimating past changes in large-scale climate and for future projections since cities historically covered a small fraction of the Earth's surface. Here, by combining global land surface temperature observations with historical estimates urban area, we demonstrate that contribution to continental- regional-scale warming has become non-negligible, especially rapidly urbanizing regions countries Asia. Consequently, expected expansion over next century suggests further increased influence on (approximately 0.16 K North America Europe high-emission scenario 2100). Based these results, also seen air temperature, argue that, line other forms use/land cover change, urbanization should be explicitly included change assessments. This requires incorporation dynamic extent biophysics current-generation Earth system models quantify potential feedback across scales.
Language: Английский
Citations
13
Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 033001 - 033001
Published: Feb. 13, 2024
In support of the environmental justice (EJ) movement, researchers, activists, and policymakers often use data to document evidence unequal distribution burdens benefits along lines race, class, other socioeconomic characteristics. Numerous limitations, such as spatial or temporal discontinuities, exist with commonly used measurement techniques, which include ground monitoring federal screening tools. Satellite is well poised address these gaps in EJ monitoring; however, little known about how satellite has advanced findings can help promote through interventions. Thus, this scoping review aims (1) explore trends study design, topics, geographic scope, datasets research EJ, (2) synthesize from studies that characterize disparities inequities across socio-demographic groups for various categories, (3) capture are relevant policy real-world impact. Following PRISMA extension guidelines reviews, we retrieved 81 articles applied United States 2000 2022. The majority leveraged technical advantages identify exposure risk factors, air pollution, access benefits, green space, at wider coverage greater precision than previously possible. These associated health outcomes increased cardiovascular respiratory diseases, mental illness, mortality. Research using illuminate concerns contribute efforts mitigate inequalities reduce disparities. therefore targeted interventions influence planning changes, but significant work remains facilitate application community
Language: Английский
Citations
9
Environmental Challenges, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16, P. 101002 - 101002
Published: Aug. 1, 2024
The urban climate has undergone significant changes due to the rapid population growth, leading a decline in vegetation cover and an increase land surface temperature (LST). This study aims assess influence of use (LULC) on LST four major areas southwestern Ethiopia, namely Jimma, Bonga, Metu Nekemte, during period from 2002 2024. To investigate impact LULC dynamics LST, 30m spatial resolution images Landsat were utilized, including Thematic Mapper (TM) for year Operational Land Imager (OLI) Thermal Infrared (TIRS) years 2014 Over past 22 years, mean increased by 2.81°C, 2.94°C, 3.37°C, 3.96°C Metu, respectively. can be attributed various factors, but one primary reasons is linked urbanization decrease forest cover. Changes triggered significantly influences cities. results highlight increment impervious as key factors contributing upward trend LST. indicate that centers with less experience higher compared their surroundings. this necessity effective planning through greenery parks mitigate increasing trends which improve thermal comfort levels.
Language: Английский
Citations
9