Resources Conservation and Recycling,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
192, P. 106920 - 106920
Published: Feb. 16, 2023
The
market
for
electromobility
has
grown
constantly
in
the
last
years.
To
ensure
a
future
supply
of
raw
materials
production
new
batteries
electric
vehicles,
it
is
essential
to
estimate
demand
battery
metals.
This
study
focuses
on
vehicle
cathode
lithium,
cobalt,
nickel,
and
manganese
by
considering
different
technology
growth
scenarios.
results
show
that
2040
material
nickel
Lithium-Ion
Batteries
vehicles
exceeds
current
production.
Depending
scenario,
lithium
cobalt
today's
up
8
times
2040.
Nickel
one
scenario.
For
manganese,
remains
far
below
recycling
potential
more
than
half
even
In
conclusion,
challenge
industry
massively
scale
resource
focus
metals
meet
increasing
consumption
electromobility.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
57(9), P. 3940 - 3950
Published: Feb. 17, 2023
Selective
and
highly
efficient
extraction
technologies
for
the
recovery
of
critical
metals
including
lithium,
nickel,
cobalt,
manganese
from
spent
lithium-ion
battery
(LIB)
cathode
materials
are
essential
in
driving
circularity.
The
tailored
deep
eutectic
solvent
(DES)
choline
chloride–formic
acid
(ChCl–FA)
demonstrated
a
high
selectivity
efficiency
extracting
mixed
(LiFePO4:Li(NiCoMn)1/3O2
mass
ratio
1:1)
under
mild
conditions
(80
°C,
120
min)
with
solid–liquid
1:200.
leaching
performance
could
be
further
enhanced
by
mechanochemical
processing
because
particle
size
reduction,
grain
refinement,
internal
energy
storage.
Furthermore,
reactions
effectively
inhibited
undesirable
nontarget
elements
(iron
phosphorus),
thus
promoting
metals.
This
was
achieved
through
preoxidation
Fe
stability
iron
phosphate
framework,
which
significantly
increased
separation
factor
to
56.9
1475.
proposed
combination
ChCl–FA
reaction
can
achieve
selective
multisource
LIBs
conditions.
Global Challenges,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
7(3)
Published: Feb. 5, 2023
Abstract
In
the
recycling
of
retired
lithium‐ion
batteries
(LIBs),
cathode
materials
containing
valuable
metals
should
be
first
separated
from
current
collector
aluminum
foil
to
decrease
difficulty
and
complexity
in
subsequent
metal
extraction.
However,
strong
binding
force
organic
binder
polyvinylidene
fluoride
(PVDF)
prevents
effective
separation
Al
foil,
thus
affecting
recycling.
This
paper
reviews
composition,
property,
function,
mechanism
PVDF,
elaborates
on
technologies
material
(e.g.,
physical
separation,
solid‐phase
thermochemistry,
solution
chemistry,
solvent
chemistry)
as
well
corresponding
reaction
behavior
transformation
mechanisms
PVDF.
Due
characteristic
variation
systems,
dissolution,
swelling,
melting,
degradation
processes
PVDF
exhibit
considerable
differences,
posing
new
challenges
efficient
spent
LIBs
worldwide.
It
is
critical
separate
recycle
reduce
environmental
risks
recovery
resources.
Developing
fluorine‐free
alternative
solid‐state
electrolytes
a
potential
way
mitigate
pollution
EV
era.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
36(5)
Published: Nov. 28, 2023
Abstract
Lithium
iron
phosphate
(LiFePO
4
,
LFP)
batteries
are
extensively
used
in
electric
vehicles
and
energy
storage
due
to
their
good
cycling
stability
safety.
However,
the
finite
service
life
of
lithium‐ion
leads
significant
amounts
retired
LFP
batteries,
urgently
required
be
recycled
by
environmentally
friendly
effective
methods.
Here,
a
direct
regeneration
strategy
using
natural
low‐cost
L‐threonine
as
multifunctional
reductant
is
proposed.
The
hydroxyl
groups
amino
act
electron
donors
nitrogen
sources,
respectively.
reductive
environment
created
not
only
aids
converting
degraded
FePO
phase
back
single
but
also
facilitates
elimination
detrimental
Li–Fe
anti‐site
defects;
thus,
reconstructing
fast
Li
+
diffusion
channels.
Meanwhile,
N
atoms
derived
from
able
dope
into
carbon
layers,
generating
more
active
sites
enhancing
conductive
properties
particles.
regenerated
shows
great
electrochemical
performance
with
discharge
capacity
147.9
mAh
g
−1
at
1
C
retention
86%
after
500
cycles
5
C.
Further,
this
approach
feasible
for
black
mass
sourced
practical
industrial
dismantling
lines,
providing
considerable
prospects
large‐scale
recycling
batteries.
Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
16(17), P. 6063 - 6063
Published: Sept. 4, 2023
Within
the
automotive
field,
there
has
been
an
increasing
amount
of
global
attention
toward
usability
combustion-independent
electric
vehicles
(EVs).
Once
considered
overly
ambitious
and
costly
venture,
popularity
practicality
EVs
have
gradually
due
to
usage
Li-ion
batteries
(LIBs).
Although
topic
LIBs
extensively
covered,
not
yet
a
review
that
covers
current
advancements
from
economic,
industrial,
technical
perspectives.
Specific
overviews
on
aspects
such
as
international
policy
changes,
implementation
cloud-based
systems
with
deep
learning
capabilities,
advanced
EV-based
LIB
electrode
materials
are
discussed.
Recommendations
address
challenges
in
market
Furthermore,
suggestions
for
short-term,
medium-term,
long-term
goals
LIB-EV
industry
should
follow
provided
ensure
its
success
near
future.
Based
this
literature
review,
it
can
be
suggested
will
continue
hot
years
come
is
still
large
room
their
overall
advancement.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
34(44)
Published: May 20, 2024
Abstract
In
recent
years,
the
penetration
rate
of
lithium
iron
phosphate
batteries
in
energy
storage
field
has
surged,
underscoring
pressing
need
to
recycle
retired
LiFePO
4
(LFP)
within
framework
low
carbon
and
sustainable
development.
This
review
first
introduces
economic
benefits
regenerating
LFP
power
development
history
LFP,
establish
necessity
recycling.
Then,
entire
life
cycle
process
failure
mechanism
are
outlined.
The
focus
is
on
highlighting
advantages
direct
recycling
technology
for
materials.
Directly
materials
a
very
promising
solution.
spent
(S‐LFP)
can
not
only
protect
environment
save
resources,
but
also
directly
add
atoms
vacancies
missing
repair
S‐LFP
At
same
time,
simply
supplementing
simplifies
recovery
improves
benefits.
status
various
methods
then
reviewed
terms
regeneration
process,
principles,
advantages,
challenges.
Additionally,
it
noted
that
currently
its
early
stages,
there
challenges
alternative
directions
