The Potential of Myelin-Sensitive Imaging: Redefining Spatiotemporal Patterns of Myeloarchitecture

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 93(5), P. 442 - 454

Published: Sept. 9, 2022

Language: Английский

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Nanosystems for Brain Targeting of Antipsychotic Drugs: An Update on the Most Promising Nanocarriers for Increased Bioavailability and Therapeutic Efficacy

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 678 - 678

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Orally administered antipsychotic drugs are the first-line treatment for psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Nevertheless, adverse drug reactions jeopardize clinical outcomes, resulting in patient non-compliance. The design formulation strategies enhancing brain delivery has been a major challenge, mainly due to restrictive properties of blood-brain barrier. However, recent pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic vivo assays confirmed advantage intranasal route when compared oral intravenous administration, it allows direct nose-to-brain transport via neuronal pathways, reducing systemic side effects maximizing therapeutic outcomes. In addition, incorporation into nanosystems polymeric nanoparticles, mixed micelles, solid lipid nanostructured carriers, nanoemulsions, nanoemulgels, nanosuspensions, niosomes spanlastics, proven be quite promising. developed nanosystems, having small homogeneous particle size (ideal delivery), high encapsulation efficiency good stability, resulted improved bioavailability therapeutic-like animal models. Hence, although is essential continue research this field, schizophrenia, disorder other related disorders promising, opening path future therapies with higher efficacy.

Language: Английский

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A clinical staging model of psychotic disorders based on a long-term follow-up of first-admission psychosis: A validation study

Psychiatry Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 322, P. 115109 - 115109

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Language: Английский

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Association between psychiatric admissions in patients with schizophrenia and IL-6 plasma levels polygenic score

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 274(7), P. 1671 - 1679

Published: March 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Biomarkers of neurodegeneration in schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Mental Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. e301017 - e301017

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Question Does neurodegenerative disease underlie the increased rate of dementia observed in older people with schizophrenia? Several studies have reported a higher prevalence schizophrenia compared general population. This may reflect risk developing diseases such as vascular or Alzheimer’s (AD). Alternatively, this non-pathological, age-related cognitive decline population low reserve. Study selection and analysis We reviewed papers that postmortem findings, hippocampal MRI volume cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers AD, between patients evidence impairment (age ≥45 years) controls. subsequently performed meta-analysis amyloid-β plaques (APs) neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) cognitively impaired to normal controls an AD group. Findings No found significant increase APs NFTs All group significantly more AD. differences CSF total tau phosphorylated The two which Aβ42 decreased Hippocampal findings were mixed. Conclusions Studies not rates AD-related pathology individuals Higher identified lack specificity clinical diagnostic tools used diagnose dementia.

Language: Английский

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Glial cell deficits are a key feature of schizophrenia: implications for neuronal circuit maintenance and histological differentiation from classical neurodegeneration

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

Abstract Dysfunctional glial cells play a pre-eminent role in schizophrenia pathophysiology. Post-mortem studies have provided evidence for significantly decreased cell numbers different brain regions of individuals with schizophrenia. Reduced are most pronounced oligodendroglia, but reduced astrocyte densities also been reported. This review highlights that oligo- and astroglial deficits key histopathological feature schizophrenia, distinct from typical changes seen neurodegenerative disorders. Significant oligodendrocytes may arise two ways: (i) demise mature functionally compromised oligodendrocytes; (ii) lack due to failed maturation progenitor cells. We analyse detail the controversy regarding astrocytes. Regardless their origin, several pathophysiological consequences. Among these, myelination number be important factor, resulting disconnectivity between neurons observed When die, it appears through degeneration, process which is basically reversible. Thus, therapeutic interventions help rescue or improve might viable option. Since antipsychotic treatment alone does not seem prevent loss deficits, there intense search new options. Current proposals range application antidepressants other chemical agents as well physical exercise engrafting healthy into brains patients.

Language: Английский

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Associating Multimodal Neuroimaging Abnormalities With the Transcriptome and Neurotransmitter Signatures in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia Bulletin, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 49(6), P. 1554 - 1567

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

Abstract Background and Hypothesis Schizophrenia is a multidimensional disease. This study proposes new research framework that combines multimodal meta-analysis genetic/molecular architecture to solve the consistency in neuroimaging biomarkers of schizophrenia whether these link molecular genetics. Study Design We systematically searched Web Science, PubMed, BrainMap for amplitude low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) or fractional ALFF, regional homogeneity, cerebral blood flow, voxel-based morphometry analysis studies investigating schizophrenia. The pooled-modality, single-modality, illness duration-dependent meta-analyses were performed using activation likelihood estimation algorithm. Subsequently, Spearman correlation partial least squares regression analyses conducted assess relationship between identified reliable convergent patterns multimodality neurotransmitter/transcriptome, prior imaging brain-wide gene expression. Results In total, 203 experiments comprising 10 613 patients 461 healthy controls included. Multimodal showed brain regions significant convergence mainly distributed frontotemporal cortex, anterior cingulate insula, thalamus, striatum, hippocampus. Interestingly, illness-duration subgroups aberrant functional structural evolutionary patterns: Lines from striatum cortical core networks extensive subcortical regions. we found robust abnormalities associated with multiple neurobiological abnormalities, such as dopaminergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic, GABAergic systems. Conclusions work links transcriptome/neurotransmitters signatures underlying disease effects schizophrenia, which provides novel insight into understanding pathophysiology targeted treatments.

Language: Английский

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Molecular and Functional Analysis of TLR 1, 2 and 6 in Peripheral Blood Monocytes of Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 926 - 926

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic disabling mental disorder with high heritability, and several immune-regulating genes have been implicated in its pathophysiology In this study, we investigated the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1, 2, 6 peripheral blood monocytes from SZ patients healthy control subjects (HCSs) Mexican population, focusing on specific SZ-associated gene variants. Gene expressions were assessed by qPCR, protein was measured using flow cytometry. The secretory profiles MALP2-stimulated evaluated through immunoproteomic arrays. Our results indicate that carrying rs4833093/TLR1 GG genotype exhibited significantly lower TLR1 compared to TT carriers. Notably, HCSs showed markedly higher expression, while all reduced levels regardless genotype. Furthermore, displayed altered secretion upon TLR stimulation, significant elevations IL-18, uPAR, angiopoietin-2, serpin E1, alongside reductions MCP-1, IL-17A, IL-24, MIF, myeloperoxidase HCSs. These findings suggest dysfunctional TLR-mediated innate immune response SZ.

Language: Английский

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Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Schizophrenia: An Exploratory Study

Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 349, P. 111972 - 111972

Published: March 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Promise of Epigenetic Editing for Treating Brain Disorders

Sub-cellular biochemistry/Subcellular biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111 - 190

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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