The global impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on urban air pollution

Elementa Science of the Anthropocene, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

The coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic led to government interventions limit the spread of disease which are unprecedented in recent history; for example, stay at home orders sudden decreases atmospheric emissions from transportation sector. In this review article, current understanding influence emission reductions on pollutant concentrations and air quality is summarized nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), ammonia, sulfur dioxide, black carbon, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide (CO). first 7 months following onset pandemic, more than 200 papers were accepted by peer-reviewed journals utilizing observations ground-based satellite instruments. Only about one-third literature incorporates a specific method meteorological correction or normalization comparing data lockdown period with prior reference despite importance doing so interpretation results. We use stringency index (SI) as an indicator severity measures show how key pollutants change SI increases. observed decrease NO2 increasing general agreement inventories that account lockdown. Other compounds such O3, PM2.5, CO also broadly covered. Due chemistry O3 PM2.5 concentrations, their responses may not be linear respect primary pollutants. At most sites, we found increased, whereas decreased slightly, SI. Changes other understudied. highlight future research needs emerging sets preview state atmosphere world targeted permanent emissions. Finally, emphasize need effects meteorology, trends, when determining concentrations.

Language: Английский

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A global observational analysis to understand changes in air quality during exceptionally low anthropogenic emission conditions

Environment International, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 157, P. 106818 - 106818

Published: Aug. 20, 2021

This global study, which has been coordinated by the World Meteorological Organization Global Atmospheric Watch (WMO/GAW) programme, aims to understand behaviour of key air pollutant species during COVID-19 pandemic period exceptionally low emissions across globe. We investigated effects differences in both and regional local meteorology 2020 compared with 2015–2019. By adopting a globally consistent approach, this comprehensive observational analysis focuses on changes quality around cities globe for following pollutants PM2.5, PM10, PMC (coarse fraction PM), NO2, SO2, NOx, CO, O3 total gaseous oxidant (OX = NO2 + O3) pre-lockdown, partial lockdown, full lockdown two relaxation periods spanning from January September 2020. The is based situ ground-based observations at over 540 traffic, background rural stations, 63 covering 25 countries seven geographical regions world. Anomalies concentrations (increases or decreases equivalent 2015–2019 periods) were calculated possible meteorological conditions analysed computing anomalies ERA5 reanalyses these periods. observed positive correlation between reductions NOx peoples' mobility most cities. A was also seen some Asian South American clear signal not other pollutants, suggesting that sources besides vehicular substantially contributed change quality. As overview ambient species, we up about 70% mean 30% 40% PM2.5 same However, exhibited complex signals, even within region, increases Spanish cities, attributed mainly long-range transport African dust and/or biomass burning (corroborated NO2/CO ratio). Some Chinese showed similar periods, but case, it likely due secondary PM formation. Changes highly heterogeneous, no overall small (as case Europe), 25% East Asia America, respectively, Colombia showing largest anomaly ~70%. SO2 negative (between ~25 60%) all regions. For decrease America ~40%. ratio indicated specific sites (such as those cities) affected plumes, outweighed general reduction (ratio ~60%). Analysis primary urban locations greater than production, whereas sites, OX mostly driven contributions rather concentrations. present study clearly highlights importance episodic (e.g., dust, domestic, agricultural crop fertilizing) when analysing large reductions. There still need better how chemical responses emission under conditions, along climate socio-economic drivers may affect future implications policies are significant, our indicates would meet Health guidelines many parts world, despite drastic mobility. Consequently, revisions regulation Gothenburg Protocol) more ambitious targets different world well be required.

Language: Английский

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What is the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on global carbon emissions?

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 816, P. 151503 - 151503

Published: Nov. 6, 2021

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID 19, or SARS-CoV-2) pandemic that started in December has caused an unprecedented impact most countries globally and continues to threaten human lives worldwide. COVID-19 strict lockdown measures have had adverse effects on health national economies. These played a critical role improving air quality, water the ozone layer reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Using Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Level 4 carbon (SMAP LC4) satellite products, this study investigated impacts of annual emissions globally, focusing 47 greatly affected their 105 cities by 2020. It is shown while significantly reduced several observed reduction as temporary because were not imposed for extended periods Overall, total select 184 438 Mt 2020 than 2019. Since global economic activities are slowly expected return non-COVID-19 state, during will be sustainable long run. For sustainability, concerned authorities put significant efforts change transportation, climate, environmental policies fuel presented results provide directions stakeholders policymakers develop implement control environment.

Language: Английский

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Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on roadside traffic-related air pollution in Shanghai, China

Building and Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 194, P. 107718 - 107718

Published: Feb. 19, 2021

Language: Английский

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Impact of lockdown during the COVID-19 outbreak on multi-scale air quality

Atmospheric Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 254, P. 118386 - 118386

Published: April 3, 2021

Language: Английский

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Air pollution and COVID-19 lockdown in a large South American city: Santiago Metropolitan Area, Chile

Urban Climate, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36, P. 100803 - 100803

Published: Feb. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Air pollution analysis in Northwestern South America: A new Lagrangian framework

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 906, P. 167350 - 167350

Published: Sept. 27, 2023

This study examines the spatiotemporal variations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, O3, NO, and NO2 concentrations in Northwestern South America (NWSA). We assess efficacy existing policies, identify underlying phenomena, highlight areas for further research. Significant findings have emerged by analyzing reanalysis in-situ data, employing WRF-Chem model, utilizing a new Lagrangian framework designed to overcome some drawbacks common analysis pollution Long-Range Transport. Wildfires first half year volcanic activity (for SO2) July-August contribute over 90 % pollutant's advection, leading high levels urban areas. SO2 emissions secondary PM, explaining peak PM Cali July. In second year, pollutant behavior varies based on factors such as city characteristics, vehicular-volume, air temperature, wind speed, boundary layer height, O3 is influenced solar radiation NO/NO2 ratio. Diurnal NOx correlate with vehicular density, industrial activity, depends radiation. Trend reveals decreasing PM10 except three Cundinamarca cities suggesting need implement/evaluate control plans those locations. Although data limited, NO show an increasing trend due rising number vehicles. are decreasing, Cali, potentially nearby polluted Yumbo. displays downward most cities, Bogotá, ratio favoring increase. These provide starting point research deepen our understanding NWSA pollution. Such investigations essential before modifying policies or enacting ones. Collaborative efforts at international, regional, inter-city crucial effective quality management.

Language: Английский

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Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Air Quality and Resulting Public Health Benefits in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: March 25, 2021

Meteorology and long-term trends in air pollutant concentrations may obscure the results from short-term policies implemented to improve quality. This study presents changes CO, NO 2 , O 3 SO PM 10 2.5 based on their anomalies during COVID-19 partial (Phase 2) total 3) lockdowns Mexico City (MCMA). To minimise impact of trends, were calculated using as baseline truncated Fourier series, fitted with data 2016 2019, then compared those lockdown. Additionally, days stagnant conditions heavy rain excluded reduce extreme weather changes. Satellite observations for CO used contrast ground-based derived results. During lockdown Phase 2, only exhibited significant decreases ( p < 0.05) between 23% due reductions motor vehicle emissions. By contrast, increased 16 40% at same sites where decreased. 3, observed (43%), (20%), (32%) response Although lower than did not decrease any site despite decreased a near-road environment. confirmed that stabilised Air could be overestimated 10-fold without accounting influences meteorology concentrations. quality improved significantly driven by reduced emissions increases resulting health benefits MCMA population. A assessment conducted suggested around 588 deaths related pollution exposure averted Our show within MCMA, must focus reducing VOCs non-mobile sources. The measures provide valuable information through range abatement strategies other vehicles.

Language: Английский

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Using an integrated model of TPB and TAM to analyze the pandemic impacts on the intention to use bicycles in the post-COVID-19 period

IATSS Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 46(3), P. 380 - 387

Published: May 30, 2022

Due to the rapid increase in bicycle usage during pandemic, this study aims ascertain effects of COVID-19 and role psychosocial factors on intention cycle future. An integrated model theory planned behavior (TPB) technology acceptance (TAM) was modified utilized with a sample 473 cyclists Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The results confirm that awareness change because advent COVID-19, especially related environment, negative impacts motorized vehicles (including road safety burden), climate issues, has strongest power influence use intention. positive effect also significantly influenced subjective norms perceived behavioral control. Meanwhile, attitudes toward cycling its usefulness did not contribute Attitudes bicycles could mediate relationship between bicycles. Based findings, set policy initiatives proposed, including campaigns environmental promoting by public figures, providing segregated bike lane, introducing bicycle-specific programs, such as cultural events.

Language: Английский

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Sentinel-5P TROPOMI satellite application for NO2 and CO studies aiming at environmental valuation

Journal of Cleaner Production, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 357, P. 131960 - 131960

Published: April 28, 2022

Language: Английский

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