Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 223, P. 115446 - 115446
Published: Feb. 8, 2023
Language: Английский
The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 789, P. 147741 - 147741
Published: May 15, 2021
Language: Английский
Citations
130
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 2177 - 2177
Published: Feb. 23, 2021
Particulate matter (PM) is a major factor contributing to air quality deterioration that enters the atmosphere as consequence of various natural and anthropogenic activities. In PM, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent class organic chemicals with at least two rings are mainly directly emitted via incomplete combustion materials. Numerous toxicological epidemiological studies have proven adverse links between exposure particulate matter-bound (PM-bound) PAHs human health due their carcinogenicity mutagenicity. Among routes, inhalation main pathway regarding PM-bound in atmosphere. Moreover, concentrations differ among people, microenvironments areas. Hence, understanding behaviour crucial. However, because current techniques hardly monitor real-time, timely feedback on including characteristics concentration composition, not obtained real-time analysis methods. Therefore, this review, we summarize personal exposure, indoor outdoor PAH for different participants, spaces, cities worldwide recent years. The aims clarify under conditions, addition effects assessment methods PAHs.
Language: Английский
Citations
114
Environment International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 177, P. 107991 - 107991
Published: May 23, 2023
There is ample evidence from occupational studies that exposure to a mixture of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) causally associated with an increased incidence lung cancers. In both atmospheres and ambient air, PAHs are present as many compounds, but the composition in air differs atmosphere, varies time space air. Estimates cancer risk for PAH mixtures based upon unit risks which derive extrapolation data or animal model data, case WHO use one compound, benzo[a]pyrene marker entire mixture, irrespective composition. The U.S. EPA has used study inhalation alone, there have been number rankings relative carcinogenic potency other calculate frequently incorrectly by adding estimated individual applying total "B[a]P equivalent" risk, already applies mixture. Such often solely historic US group 16 compounds do not include apparently more potent carcinogens. no human PAHs, conflicting additivity carcinogenicity mixtures. This paper finds large divergences between estimates deriving methods, well considerable sensitivity composition, assumed potencies. Of two approach appears likely provide reliable estimates, recently proposed mixture-based approaches using vitro toxicity may offer some advantages.
Language: Английский
Citations
38
Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(23), P. 17865 - 17883
Published: Dec. 7, 2021
Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants in fine particulate matter (PM) long known to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, but much is unknown about the importance of local remote sources for PAH levels observed population-dense urban environments. A year-long sampling campaign Athens, Greece, where more than 150 samples were analyzed 31 PAHs a wide range chemical markers, was combined with positive matrix factorization (PMF) constrain temporal variability, sources, risk associated PAHs. It found that biomass burning (BB), source mostly present during wintertime intense pollution events (observed 18 % measurement days 2017), led 7 times higher other seasons as important annual mean concentrations (31 %) diesel oil (33 gasoline (29 sources. The contribution non-local although limited on an basis (7 %), increased summer, becoming comparable combined. fraction (12 members included PMF analysis) BB also linked health compared accounting almost half potential (43 %). This can result large number excess cancer cases due BB-related high PM urges immediate action reduce residential emissions areas facing similar issues.
Language: Английский
Citations
48
The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 951, P. 175416 - 175416
Published: Aug. 12, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
7
The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 907, P. 167762 - 167762
Published: Oct. 16, 2023
Language: Английский
Citations
14
Toxics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 293 - 293
Published: April 16, 2024
To study the spatiotemporal variability of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and assess their carcinogenic potential in six contrasting urban environments Greece, a total 305 filter samples were collected analyzed. Sampling sites included variety background, traffic (Athens, Ioannina Heraklion), rural (Xanthi) near-port locations (Piraeus Volos). When considering sum 16 U.S. EPA priority PAHs, as well that EU-proposed members, average concentrations observed across during summer varied moderately (0.4–2.2 ng m−3) independently population each site, with highest values areas Piraeus Volos are affected by port industrial activities. Winter levels significantly higher more spatially variable compared to summer, seasonal enhancement ranging from 7 times 98 Ioannina, indicating large impact PAH emissions residential wood burning. Regarding benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), an IARC Group 1 carcinogen only EU-regulated PAH, winter/summer ratios 24–33 Athens, Volos, Heraklion Xanthi; 60 Piraeus; 480 which is afflicted severe wood-burning pollution events. An excellent correlation was between organic carbon (OC) (BaP) cold period at all (r2 > 0.8) stable BaP/OC slopes (0.09–0.14 × 10−3), highlighting use OC proxy for estimation BaP winter conditions. The identified contrasts, explored first time PAHs such scale Eastern Mediterranean, provide important insights into sources controlling atmospheric conditions reveal deviations exposure risks among cities raise issue environmental injustice on national level.
Language: Английский
Citations
5
Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 360, P. 124703 - 124703
Published: Aug. 10, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
5
Journal of Environmental Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 133, P. 118 - 137
Published: July 20, 2022
Language: Английский
Citations
22
Environment International, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 163, P. 107193 - 107193
Published: March 25, 2022
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), detrimental to human health, are key components contributing the carcinogenicity of fine particles. The 16 priority PAHs listed by United States Environment Protection Agency have been studied extensively. However, other than them, there is a large diversity PAH species, whose atmospheric concentrations, risks, and variations remain elusive. Here, we carried out time-resolved nontarget measurement in PM2.5 using an improved comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry. conducted during 5-day pollution episode at urban site Beijing with time resolution 2 h. analysis chromatographic data was performed for screening PAHs. A total number 85 were identified quantified. We found that EPA PAHs, screened contributed 43.3% concentration 40.8% poential health risks. Dynamic concentrations their potential risks captured short-term heavy episode, which instantaneous much higher average concentrations. This study shows application online spectrometry highlights importance attention on extended species
Language: Английский
Citations
20