Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 809, P. 151003 - 151003

Published: Oct. 22, 2021

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a family of fluorinated organic compounds anthropogenic origin. Due to their unique chemical properties, widespread production, environmental distribution, long-term persistence, bioaccumulative potential, associated risks for human health, PFAS have been classified as persistent pollutants significant concern. Scientific evidence from the last several decades suggests that occurrence in environment correlates with adverse effects on health ecology. The presence aquatic demonstrates close link between anthroposphere hydrological cycle, concentrations surface groundwater range value along ng L−1–μg L−1 scale. Here, we critically reviewed research published decade global distribution environment. Ours is first paper evaluate at continental scale evolving regulatory responses manage mitigate posed by PFAS. review reports despite being phased out—they detected different continents irrespective level industrial development. Their far potential sources long-range atmospheric transport an important pathway distribution. Recently, studies investigated impacts exposure—they biota, drinking water, food, air, serum. In response emerging information about toxicity, countries provided administrative guidelines including Canada, United Kingdom, Sweden, Norway, Germany, Australia. US, additional measures under consideration. Further, many now listed pollutants. This comprehensive provides crucial baseline occurrence, framework

Language: Английский

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PFAS Molecules: A Major Concern for the Human Health and the Environment

Toxics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 44 - 44

Published: Jan. 18, 2022

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of over 4700 heterogeneous compounds with amphipathic properties exceptional stability to chemical thermal degradation. The unique PFAS has been exploited for almost 60 years largely contributed their wide applicability vast range industrial, professional non-professional uses. However, increasing evidence indicate that these represent also serious concern both wildlife human health as result ubiquitous distribution, extreme persistence bioaccumulative potential. In light the adverse effects have already documented in biota populations or might occur absence prompt interventions, competent authorities matter environment protection, industries well scientists cooperating identify most appropriate regulatory measures, substitution plans remediation technologies mitigate impacts. this review, starting from chemistry, uses environmental fate, we summarize current knowledge on occurrence different media living organisms, particular emphasis humans. Also, describe present provisional legislative measures European Union framework strategy regulate manufacture, import use some promising treatment designed remediate contamination compartments.

Language: Английский

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Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Subsurface Environments: Occurrence, Fate, Transport, and Research Prospect

Reviews of Geophysics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 60(3)

Published: Aug. 7, 2022

Abstract Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), also known as “forever chemicals,” are manmade chemicals that have been increasingly detected in various geological settings since the early 2000s. The soil subsurface environments media commonly affected by PFAS. We conducted a comprehensive review of peer‐reviewed articles published from 2010 through 2022 concerning fate transport PFAS environments. This is organized into different subsections, covering basics properties how they affect occurrence, fate, PFAS, fundamental processes affecting mathematical models for describing predicting behaviors. Mechanisms governing environment, including sorption at air‐water interface, solid‐water nonaqueous phase liquids‐water were explored detail. Challenges future research priorities identified to better mitigate global challenges contamination.

Language: Английский

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Updated review on emerging technologies for PFAS contaminated water treatment

Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 182, P. 667 - 700

Published: April 12, 2022

Language: Английский

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Treatment technologies for removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in biosolids

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 453, P. 139964 - 139964

Published: Oct. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive review on the need for integrated strategies and process modifications for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) removal: Current insights and future prospects

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9, P. 100623 - 100623

Published: Jan. 14, 2024

Alarming concern over the persistence and toxicity of per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in environment has created an imperative need for designing redesigning strategies their detection remediation. Conventional PFAS removal technologies that uses physical, chemical, or biological methods. Increase diversity quantity entering necessitated developing more advanced integrated removal. Despite advances reported this domain, there exist a huge research gap to be mentored tackle problems associated with mitigation combined wide variety environment. The possibility combine other emerging contaminants poses additional threat existing treatment methods thereby stressing continuous monitoring updating processes. This review work aims at understanding structure, entry, fate different types Further in-depth discussion regarding levels is elaborated review. process description recent remediation techniques along significance, limitations integration discussed detail. detailed outlook on advantages insight into recently developed outlined

Language: Английский

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Emergence of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and advances in the remediation strategies

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 916, P. 170142 - 170142

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Sources and Pathways of PFAS Occurrence in Water Sources: Relative Contribution of Land-Applied Biosolids in an Agricultural Dominated Watershed

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

This study evaluated PFAS occurrence in rural well water and surface relative to land application of biosolids a tile-drained agriculture-dominated watershed. Spatial data were used identify potentially vulnerable wells based on their proximity biosolid-permitted location with respect groundwater flow. Water was collected from 103 private Greater Tippecanoe County Indiana 168 locations within the Region Great Bend Wabash River Overall, results indicate that (∑PFAS ≤ 169.4 ng/L) is more contamination than 15.7 ng/L). Short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids made up 72% ∑PFAS both sources. Nonetheless, long-chain homologues detected frequently (94%) (82%). Hierarchical cluster analysis identified biosolid-applied fields, WTTPs, industrial discharges as sources first-order streams high ∑PFAS. Temporal trends revealed an inverse relationship between streamflow concentrations sites impacted by point vice versa for diffuse sources, thereby providing complementary evidence potential The set did not show distinct spatial trend distance biosolid or characteristics.

Language: Английский

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Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Contaminated Soil and Groundwater at Airports: A Canadian Case Study

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 56(2), P. 885 - 895

Published: Dec. 30, 2021

The occurrence of 93 classes per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) was investigated at aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)-impacted sites four Canadian airports. Surface/subsurface soil groundwater samples were characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) an improved total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay. PFAS profiles, loads, spatial trends highly site-specific, influenced by the AFFF use history, variations in sorption, transport, situ transformation potential PFASs. All have been impacted more than one chemistry, with active firefighter training area exhibiting a greater variety burden decommissioned sites. Zwitterionic cationic compounds composed large percentage (34.5-85.5%) most surface source zone but relatively low (<20%) samples. Background soils surrounding contained predominantly unidentified precursors attributed to atmospheric deposition, while AFFF-impacted soils, originating from AFFFs can be largely captured HRMS available suspect lists. Horizontal transfer PFASs limited, vertical migration down column occurred even locations permeability. This study provides critical data set support developing new priority analyte lists integrating TOP assay for comprehensive monitoring

Language: Английский

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Sensors for detecting per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): A critical review of development challenges, current sensors, and commercialization obstacles

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 417, P. 129133 - 129133

Published: Feb. 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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