Pesticides impacts on human health and the environment with their mechanisms of action and possible countermeasures

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. e29128 - e29128

Published: April 1, 2024

Pesticides are chemical constituents used to prevent or control pests, including insects, rodents, fungi, weeds, and other unwanted organisms. Despite their advantages in crop production disease management, the use of pesticides poses significant hazards environment public health. Pesticide elements have now perpetually entered our atmosphere subsequently contaminated water, food, soil, leading health threats ranging from acute chronic toxicities. can cause toxicity if a high dose is inhaled, ingested, comes into contact with skin eyes, while prolonged recurrent exposure leads toxicity. produce different types toxicity, for instance, neurotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, endocrine disruption. The pesticide formulation may depend on specific active ingredient presence synergistic inert compounds that enhance modify its Safety concerns need hour contemporary pesticide-induced hazards. effectiveness implementation current legislature providing ample protection human key concerns. This review explored comprehensive summary regarding updated impacts advanced safety legislation. Implementing regulations, proper training, education help mitigate negative promote safer more sustainable agricultural practices.

Language: Английский

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Fabrication of Versatile Pyrazole Hydrazide Derivatives Bearing a 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Core as Multipurpose Agricultural Chemicals against Plant Fungal, Oomycete, and Bacterial Diseases

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 69(30), P. 8380 - 8393

Published: July 23, 2021

Developing multipurpose agricultural chemicals is appealing in crop protection, thus eventually realizing the reduction and efficient usage of pesticides. Herein, an array versatile pyrazole hydrazide derivatives bearing a 1,3,4-oxadiazole core were initially synthesized biologically evaluated antifungal, antioomycetes, antibacterial activities. In addition, ring was replaced by correlative pyrrole, thiazole, indole scaffolds to extend molecular diversity. The results showed that most these hybrid compounds empowered with multifunctional bioactivities, which are exemplified a1–a6, b1–b3, b7, b10, b13, b18. For antifungal activity, minimal EC50 values could afford 0.47 (a2), 1.05 0.65 (a1), 1.32 μg/mL (b3) against corresponding fungi Gibberella zeae (G. z.), Fusarium oxysporum, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Rhizoctonia solani. vivo pot experiments corn scab (caused G. z.) revealed compound a2 effective protective curative activities 90.2 86.3% at 200 μg/mL, comparable those fungicides boscalid fluopyram. Further docking study enzymatic activity analysis (IC50 = 3.21 μM, a2) indicated target promising succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. Additionally, b2 a4 yielded superior anti-oomycete toward Phytophora infestins Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 2.92 8.43 respectively. trials rice bacterial blight provided control efficiency within 51.2–55.3% (a4) better than bismerthiazol. Given their characteristics, structures should be positively explored as chemicals.

Language: Английский

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Pesticides exposure and compromised fitness in wild birds: Focusing on the reproductive endocrine disruption

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 199, P. 105800 - 105800

Published: Jan. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Disruption by stealth - Interference of endocrine disrupting chemicals on hormonal crosstalk with thyroid axis function in humans and other animals

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 203, P. 111906 - 111906

Published: Aug. 18, 2021

Thyroid hormones (THs) are important regulators of growth, development, and homeostasis all vertebrates. There many environmental contaminants that known to disrupt TH action, yet their mechanisms only partially understood. While the effects Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) mostly studied as "hormone system silos", present critical review highlights complexity EDCs interfering with function through interactions other hormonal axes involved in reproduction, stress, energy metabolism. The impact on components shared between hormone signaling pathways or intersect can thus extend beyond molecular ramifications cellular, physiological, behavioral, whole-body consequences for exposed organisms. comparatively more extensive studies conducted mammalian models provides encouraging support expanded investigation highlight paucity data generated non-mammalian vertebrate classes. As greater genomics-based resources become available across classes, better identification delineation EDC effects, modes effective biomarkers suitable HPT disruption is possible. EDC-derived likely cascade into a plurality physiological far complex than few variables tested within any research studies. field should move towards understanding systems' rather maintaining silos.

Language: Английский

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Realistic exposure to fipronil, 2,4-D, vinasse and their mixtures impair larval amphibian physiology

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 299, P. 118894 - 118894

Published: Jan. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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Toxicity and genotoxicity of imidacloprid in the tadpoles of Leptodactylus luctator and Physalaemus cuvieri (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: July 13, 2022

Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide used to control agricultural pests around the world. This pesticide can have adverse effects on non-target organisms, especially in aquatic environments. The present study evaluated toxicity of an imidacloprid-based amphibians, using Leptodactylus luctator and Physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles as models. Spawning both species were collected within less than 24 h oviposition from non-agricultural land at Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Survival, swimming activity, body size, morphological malformations, genotoxic parameters analyzed laboratory conditions. A short-term assay was conducted over 168 (7 days) with five different concentrations imidacloprid (3-300 µg L-1) being tested. did not affect survival, although presented reduced malformed oral intestine structures, micronuclei other erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities following exposure this compound. Exposure also affected activity L. luctator, which reflected greater sensitivity comparison P. cuvieri. malformations observed found indicated that even lowest tested concentration harmful amphibians. At 3 μg L-1, presents smaller are by cell damage. demonstrates potentially toxic for two environmentally relevant concentrations.

Language: Английский

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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of thiazole and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives containing a hydrazone substructure as potential agrochemicals

Advanced Agrochem, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 154 - 162

Published: April 18, 2023

Agricultural chemicals with multifunctional applications in crop protection have attracted increasing attention. Herein, two new series of thiazole and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives containing a hydrazone substructure were designed synthesized via concise synthesis route. Bioassay results showed that most the exhibited broad-spectrum fungistatic activities, which exemplified by compounds 1c, 1e, 1g, 1h 1j. In particular, compound 1e displayed excellent vitro inhibitory effects EC50 values 5.00, 18.24, 6.94, 3.03 μg/mL against fungi Botrytis cinerea, Cytospora sp, Fusarium graminearum, solani, respectively. Detached fruit experiments tomato gray mold (caused B. cinerea) vivo revealed control efficiency at 10, 20 40 for 5 days was 35.05%, 54.14% 81.83%, respectively, comparable even superior to fungicide carbendazim. Additionally, title also remarkable larvicidal activity M. separata some good aphicidal activity. word, bioassay indicated certain number had multiple biological activities. Given their antifungal characteristics, these interesting based on could be served as scaffolds development pesticide applications.

Language: Английский

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Male-transmitted transgenerational effects of the herbicide linuron on DNA methylation profiles in Xenopus tropicalis brain and testis

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 923, P. 170949 - 170949

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

The herbicide linuron can cause endocrine disrupting effects in Xenopus tropicalis frogs, including offspring that were never exposed to the contaminant. mechanisms by which these are transmitted across generations need be further investigated. Here, we examined transgenerational alterations of brain and testis DNA methylation profiles paternally inherited from grandfathers developmentally an environmentally relevant concentration linuron. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) revealed numerous differentially methylated regions (DMRs) (3060 DMRs) (2551 adult male F2 generation. Key genes involved somatotropic (igfbp4) thyrotropic signaling (dio1 tg) correlated with phenotypical body size, weight, hind limb length plasma glucose levels, indicating changes could potential mediators Testis DMRs found essential for spermatogenesis, meiosis germ cell development (piwil1, spo11 tdrd9) their levels number cells nests per seminiferous tubule, endpoint disrupted spermatogenesis. also identified several central machinery regulates epigenetic landscape (dnmt3a mbd2) histone acetylation (hdac8, ep300, elp3, kat5 kat14), may at least partly drive linuron-induced effects. results this genome-wide profiling contribute better understanding inheritance amphibians.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic inheritance in adaptive evolution

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1524(1), P. 22 - 29

Published: March 31, 2023

Abstract Since the Modern Synthesis, our ideas of evolution have mostly centered on information encoded in DNA molecule and their mechanisms heredity. Increasing evidence, however, suggests that epigenetic potential to perpetuate gene activity states context same sequence. Here, we discuss recent compelling evidence showing signals triggered by environmental stress can persist over very long timeframes, contributing phenotypic changes relevant traits upon which selection could act. We argue inheritance plays an important role fast adaptation fluctuating environments, ensuring survival organisms a population under short term while maintaining “bet‐hedging” strategy reverting original state if environment returns standard conditions. These examples call for reevaluation nongenetic adaptive evolution, raising questions about its broader relevance nature.

Language: Английский

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Chemical safety and the exposome

Emerging contaminants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 100225 - 100225

Published: March 24, 2023

Air pollution and rapid chemical intensification are major threats to the environment human health. Today, we have produced over 350,000 chemicals, current testing strategies do not meet demands. Therefore, it is important develop new approach methodologies (NAMs) that can help fill information gaps. Toxicology needs evolve from hazard risk assessments based on morphological endpoints in animal tests towards a mechanism-driven integrated better includes computational modelling as well molecular, human, vitro data. The application of science technology such different types imaging omics methods allow faster collection high-quality toxicological data for identification prediction potential using advanced silico approaches including machine learning. A shift toward active prevention through safe sustainable-by-design cutting-edge could significantly safeguard population planetary Moreover, necessary improve understanding how interactions among mixtures, climate change, infectious agents, other stressors constitute exposome, may affect biota Individual responses exposures susceptibility disease influenced by factors genetics, epigenetics, physiology, health status, which involve changes biological pathways caused own previous or even ancestral exposures. It therefore consider individual exposomes future precision medicine. This review describes central role mechanistic toxicology safety cross-disciplinary efforts needed characterize exposome its complex detail.

Language: Английский

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