Environmental Science and Pollution Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
30(32), P. 79315 - 79334
Published: June 7, 2023
Abstract
Wastewater-based
epidemiology
has
been
widely
used
as
a
cost-effective
method
for
tracking
the
COVID-19
pandemic
at
community
level.
Here
we
describe
COVIDBENS,
wastewater
surveillance
program
running
from
June
2020
to
March
2022
in
treatment
plant
of
Bens
A
Coruña
(Spain).
The
main
goal
this
work
was
provide
an
effective
early
warning
tool
based
help
decision-making
both
social
and
public
health
levels.
RT-qPCR
procedures
Illumina
sequencing
were
weekly
monitor
viral
load
detect
SARS-CoV-2
mutations
wastewater,
respectively.
In
addition,
own
statistical
models
applied
estimate
real
number
infected
people
frequency
each
emerging
variant
circulating
community,
which
considerable
improved
strategy.
Our
analysis
detected
6
waves
with
concentrations
between
10
3
RNA
copies/L.
system
able
anticipate
outbreaks
during
8–36
days
advance
respect
clinical
reports
and,
emergence
new
variants
such
Alpha
(B.1.1.7),
Delta
(B.1.617.2),
Omicron
(B.1.1.529
BA.2)
42,
30,
27
days,
respectively,
before
did.
Data
generated
here
helped
local
authorities
managers
give
faster
more
efficient
response
situation,
also
allowed
important
industrial
companies
adapt
their
production
situation.
wastewater-based
developed
our
metropolitan
area
(Spain)
served
powerful
combining
monitoring
over
time.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
804, P. 150060 - 150060
Published: Sept. 8, 2021
Successful
detection
of
SARS-COV-2
in
wastewater
suggests
the
potential
utility
wastewater-based
epidemiology
(WBE)
for
COVID-19
community
surveillance.
This
systematic
review
aims
to
assess
performance
surveillance
as
early
warning
system
transmission.
A
search
was
conducted
PubMed,
Medline,
Embase
and
WBE
Consortium
Registry
according
PRISMA
guidelines
relevant
articles
published
until
31st
July
2021.
Relevant
data
were
extracted
summarized.
Quality
each
paper
assessed
using
an
assessment
tool
adapted
from
Bilotta
et
al.'s
environmental
science.
Of
763
studies
identified,
92
distributed
across
34
countries
shortlisted
qualitative
synthesis.
total
26,197
samples
collected
between
January
2020
May
2021
various
locations
serving
population
ranging
321
11,400,000
inhabitants.
Overall
sample
positivity
moderate
at
29.2%
all
examined
settings
with
spike
(S)
gene
having
maximum
rate
positive
detections
nucleocapsid
(N)
being
most
targeted.
Wastewater
signals
preceded
confirmed
cases
by
up
63
days,
13
reporting
before
first
detected
community.
At
least
50
reported
association
viral
load
cases.
While
cannot
replace
large-scale
diagnostic
testing,
it
can
complement
clinical
providing
signs
transmission
more
active
public
health
responses.
However,
standardized
validated
methods
are
required
along
risk
analysis
modelling
understand
dynamics
outbreaks.
ACS ES&T Water,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
2(11), P. 1992 - 2003
Published: May 26, 2022
Severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus-2
(SARS-CoV-2)
in
wastewater
has
been
used
to
track
community
infections
of
coronavirus
disease-2019
(COVID-19),
providing
critical
information
for
public
health
interventions.
Since
levels
are
dependent
upon
human
inputs,
we
hypothesize
that
tracking
can
be
improved
by
normalizing
concentrations
against
indicators
waste
[Pepper
Mild
Mottle
Virus
(PMMoV),
β-2
Microglobulin
(B2M),
and
fecal
coliform].
In
this
study,
analyzed
SARS-CoV-2
from
two
sewersheds
different
scales:
a
University
campus
treatment
plant.
Wastewater
data
were
combined
with
complementary
COVID-19
case
evaluate
the
efficiency
surveillance
forecasting
new
cases
and,
larger
scale,
hospitalizations.
Results
show
normalization
PMMoV
B2M
resulted
correlations
using
volcano
second
generation
(V2G)-qPCR
chemistry
(rs
=
0.69
without
normalization,
rs
0.73
normalization).
Mixed
results
obtained
samples
collected
at
scale.
Overall
benefits
measures
depend
qPCR
improves
smaller
sewershed
We
recommend
further
studies
efficacy
additional
targets.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
811, P. 152334 - 152334
Published: Dec. 16, 2021
The
quantification
of
the
SARS-CoV-2
RNA
load
in
wastewater
has
emerged
as
a
useful
tool
to
monitor
COVID–19
outbreaks
community.
This
approach
was
implemented
metropolitan
area
A
Coruña
(NW
Spain),
where
from
treatment
plant
analyzed
track
epidemic
dynamics
population
369,098
inhabitants.
Viral
detected
and
epidemiological
data
health
system
served
main
sources
for
statistical
models
developing.
Regression
described
here
allowed
us
estimate
number
infected
people
(R2
=
0.9),
including
symptomatic
asymptomatic
individuals.
These
have
helped
understand
real
magnitude
at
any
given
time
been
used
an
effective
early
warning
predicting
municipality.
methodology
present
work
could
be
develop
similar
wastewater-based
model
evolution
anywhere
world
centralized
water-based
sanitation
systems
exist.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
809, P. 151169 - 151169
Published: Oct. 25, 2021
Wastewater
surveillance
for
SARS-CoV-2
RNA
has
been
a
successful
indicator
of
COVID-19
outbreaks
in
populations
prior
to
clinical
testing.
However,
this
mostly
conducted
high-income
countries,
which
means
there
is
dearth
performance
investigations
low-
and
middle-income
countries
with
different
socio-economic
settings.
This
study
evaluated
the
applicability
monitoring
wastewater
(n
=
132)
inform
infection
city
Bangkok,
Thailand
using
CDC
N1
N2
RT-qPCR
assays.
influents
112)
effluents
20)
were
collected
from
19
centralized
treatment
plants
(WWTPs)
comprising
four
large,
medium,
11
small
WWTPs
during
seven
sampling
events
January
April
2021
third
resurgence
that
was
officially
declared
2021.
The
assay
showed
higher
detection
rates
lower
Ct
values
than
N2.
first
detected
at
event
when
new
reported
cases
low.
Increased
positive
preceded
an
increase
number
newly
increased
over
time
incidence.
(both
viral
loads)
strongest
correlation
daily
22-24
days
lag
(Spearman's
Rho
0.85-1.00).
Large
(serving
432,000-580,000
population)
exhibited
similar
trends
loads
those
all
WWTPs,
emphasizing
routine
large
could
provide
sufficient
information
city-scale
dynamics.
Higher
frequency
fewer
sites,
i.e.,
representative
therefore
suggested
especially
subsiding
period
outbreak
indicate
prevalence
infection,
acting
as
early
warning
resurgence.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Aug. 30, 2022
Enteric
viruses
are
common
waterborne
pathogens
found
in
environmental
water
bodies
contaminated
with
either
raw
or
partially
treated
sewage
discharge.
Examples
of
these
include
adenovirus,
rotavirus,
noroviruses,
and
other
caliciviruses
enteroviruses
like
coxsackievirus
polioviruses.
They
have
been
linked
gastroenteritis,
while
some
enteric
also
implicated
more
severe
infections
such
as
encephalitis,
meningitis,
hepatitis
(hepatitis
A
E
viruses),
cancer
(polyomavirus),
myocarditis
(enteroviruses).
Therefore,
this
review
presents
information
on
the
occurrence
public
health
importance,
diseases
associated
human
exposure
to
viruses,
assessment
their
presence
water,
removal
wastewater
sources.
In
order
prevent
illnesses
viral
we
suggest
regular
monitoring
before
discharging
it
into
environment.
Furthermore,
highlight
need
for
research
focus
development
holistic
disinfection
methods
that
will
inactivate
municipal
discharges,
is
highly
needed
curtail
effects
water.
Moreover,
a
method
must
be
devoid
by-products
mutagenic
carcinogenic
potential.
Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
31, P. 100396 - 100396
Published: Oct. 6, 2022
Wastewater-Based
Epidemiological
Monitoring
(WBEM)
is
an
efficient
surveillance
tool
during
the
COVID-19
pandemic
as
it
meets
all
requirements
of
a
complete
monitoring
system
including
early
warning,
tracking
current
trend,
prevalence
disease,
detection
genetic
diversity
well
asthe
up-surging
SARS-CoV-2
new
variants
with
mutations
from
wastewater
samples.
Subsequently,
Clinical
Diagnostic
Test
widely
acknowledged
global
gold
standard
method
for
disease
monitoring,
despite
several
drawbacks
such
high
diagnosis
cost,
reporting
bias,
and
difficulty
asymptomatic
patients
(silent
spreaders
infection
who
manifest
nosymptoms
disease).
In
this
reviewand
opinion-based
study,
we
first
propose
combined
approach)
detecting
in
communities
using
clinical
sample
testing,
which
may
be
feasible
effective
emerging
public
health
long-term
nationwide
system.
The
viral
concentrations
samples
can
used
indicatorsto
monitor
ongoing
trends,
predict
carriers,
detect
hotspot
areas,
while
sampleshelp
mostlysymptomaticindividuals
isolating
positive
cases
validate
WBEM
protocol
mass
vaccination
booster
doses
COVID-19.
