Detecting the human fingerprint in the summer 2022 West-Central European soil drought DOI Creative Commons
Dominik L. Schumacher, Mariam Zachariah, Friederike E. L. Otto

et al.

Published: May 11, 2023

Abstract. In the 2022 summer, West-Central Europe and several other northern-hemisphere mid-latitude regions experienced substantial soil moisture deficits in wake of precipitation shortages elevated temperatures. Much has not witnessed a more severe drought since at least mid-20th century, raising question whether this is manifestation our warming climate. Here, we employ well-established statistical approach to attribute low summer human-induced climate change, using observation-driven estimates models. We find that Europe, June–August root-zone such as expected occur once 20 years present climate, but would have occurred only about per century during pre-industrial times. The entire northern extratropics show an even stronger global imprint with 20-fold probability increase or higher, note underlying uncertainty large. Reasons are manifold, include lack direct observations required spatiotemporal scales, limitations remotely sensed estimates, resulting need simulate land surface models driven by meteorological data. Nevertheless, observation-based products indicate long-term declining for both regions, tendency likely fueled regional warming, while no clear trends emerge precipitation. Finally, model analysis suggests 2 °C world, 2022-like conditions become twice compared today, take place nearly every year across extratropics.

Language: Английский

Temperature extremes of 2022 reduced carbon uptake by forests in Europe DOI Creative Commons
Auke Van Der Woude, Wouter Peters, Émilie Joetzjer

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Oct. 6, 2023

Abstract The year 2022 saw record breaking temperatures in Europe during both summer and fall. Similar to the recent 2018 drought, close 30% (3.0 million km 2 ) of European continent was under severe drought. In 2022, drought located central southeastern Europe, contrasting Northern-centered We show, using multiple sets observations, a reduction net biospheric carbon uptake (56-62 TgC) over area. Specific sites France even showed widespread summertime release by forests, additional wildfires. Partial compensation (32%) for decreased due offered warm autumn with prolonged uptake. severity this second event 5 years suggests drought-induced reduced no longer be exceptional, important factor into Europe’s developing plans net-zero greenhouse gas emissions that rely on forests.

Language: Английский

Citations

58
Contrasting impact of extreme soil and atmospheric dryness on the functioning of trees and forests DOI Creative Commons
Ankit Shekhar, Lukas Hörtnagl, Eugénie Paul‐Limoges

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 916, P. 169931 - 169931

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Recent studies indicate an increase in the frequency of extreme compound dryness days (days with both soil AND air dryness) across central Europe future, little information on their impact functioning trees and forests. This study aims to quantify assess dryness, For this, >15 years ecosystem-level (carbon dioxide water vapor fluxes) 6-10 tree-level measurements (transpiration growth) each from a montane mixed deciduous forest (CH-Lae) subalpine evergreen coniferous (CH-Dav) Switzerland, is used. The results showed limitation CO

Language: Английский

Citations

18
Impacts on and damage to European forests from the 2018–2022 heat and drought events DOI Creative Commons

Florian Knutzen,

Paul Averbeck, Caterina Barrasso

et al.

Natural hazards and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 77 - 117

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Abstract. Drought and heat events in Europe are becoming increasingly frequent due to human-induced climate change, impacting both human well-being ecosystem functioning. The intensity effects of these vary across the continent, making it crucial for decision-makers understand spatial variability drought impacts. Data on drought-related damage currently dispersed scientific publications, government reports, media outlets. This study consolidates data European forests from 2018 2022, using Europe-wide datasets including those related crown defoliation, insect damage, burnt forest areas, tree cover loss. data, covering 16 countries, were analysed four regions, northern, central, Alpine, southern, compared with a reference period 2010 2014. Findings reveal that all zones experienced reduced vitality elevated temperatures, varying severity. Central showed highest vulnerability, coniferous deciduous trees. southern zone, while affected by loss, demonstrated greater resilience, likely historical exposure. northern zone is experiencing emerging impacts less severely, possibly site-adapted boreal species, Alpine minimal impact, suggesting protective effect altitude. Key trends include (1) significant loss zones; (2) high levels despite 2021 being an average year, indicating lasting previous years; (3) notable challenges central Sweden bark beetle infestations; (4) no increase wildfire severity ongoing challenges. Based this assessment, we conclude (i) highly vulnerable heat, even resilient ecosystems at risk severe damage; (ii) tailored strategies essential mitigate change forests, incorporating regional differences resilience; (iii) effective management requires harmonised collection enhanced monitoring address future comprehensively.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Drought–heatwave nexus in Brazil and related impacts on health and fires: A comprehensive review DOI
Renata Libonati, João L. Geirinhas, Patrícia S. Silva

et al.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1517(1), P. 44 - 62

Published: Sept. 2, 2022

Abstract Climate change is drastically altering the frequency, duration, and severity of compound drought‐heatwave (CDHW) episodes, which present a new challenge in environmental socioeconomic sectors. These threats are particular importance low‐income regions with growing populations, fragile infrastructure, threatened ecosystems. This review synthesizes emerging progress understanding CDHW patterns Brazil while providing insights about impacts on fire occurrence public health. Evidence mounting that heatwaves becoming increasingly linked droughts northeastern southeastern Brazil, Amazonia, Pantanal. In those regions, recent studies have begun to build better physical mechanisms behind events, such as soil moisture–atmosphere coupling, promoted by exceptional atmospheric blocking conditions. Results hint at synergy between events high activity country over last decades, most example being catastrophic 2020 fires Moreover, we show HWs were responsible for increasing mortality preterm births during record‐breaking Brazil. work paves way more in‐depth their impacts, crucial enhance adaptive capacity different Brazilian

Language: Английский

Citations

64
Drought-heatwave compound events are stronger in drylands DOI Creative Commons
Chuan Wang, Zhi Li, Yaning Chen

et al.

Weather and Climate Extremes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42, P. 100632 - 100632

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

Climate change is exacerbating the occurrence of compound droughts and heatwaves (CDHWs), which pose a serious threat to human health socio-economic development. Using daily maximum temperature (Tmax) monthly self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index (sc-PDSI) dataset, The evolution patterns CDHWs wet-heatwave events, dominant drivers relative contributions in drylands humid areas from 1961 2020 were compared analyzed. results show that types are stronger than areas, growth rate was almost twice greater multi-year average intensity events by up 2.4 times. Moreover, has increased significantly past period (1961–1990) recent warm (1991–2020), heatwave threshold about 5 °C. In most drylands, contribution dominates, whereas does. compounding effects may exacerbate regionally pronounced taking into account optimal lags. study findings could provide scientific technological support actively address global climate risks.

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Age-related patterns and climatic driving factors of drought-induced forest mortality in Northeast China DOI
Tianxiao Ma, Yu Liang, Zhouyuan Li

et al.

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 332, P. 109360 - 109360

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

23
Tree crown defoliation in forest monitoring: concepts, findings, and new perspectives for a physiological approach in the face of climate change DOI Open Access
Filippo Bussotti, Nenad Potočić,

Volkmar Timmermann

et al.

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 97(2), P. 194 - 212

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Abstract Recurrent climate-driven disturbances impact on the health of European forests that reacted with increased tree dieback and mortality over course last four decades. There is therefore large interest in predicting understanding fate survival under climate change. Forest conditions are monitored within pan-European ICP Forests programme (UN-ECE International Co-operative Programme Assessment Monitoring Air Pollution Effects Forests) since 1980s, crown defoliation being most widely used parameter. Defoliation not a cause-specific indicator vitality, there need to connect levels physiological functioning trees. The responses connected species-specific concern, among others, water relations, photosynthesis carbon metabolism, growth, mineral nutrients leaves. indicators measure variables forest monitoring programs must be easy apply field current state-of-the-art technologies, replicable, inexpensive, time efficient regulated by ad hoc protocols. ultimate purpose provide data feed process-based models predict threats due This study reviews problems perspectives realization systematic assessment proposes set suitable for future application programs.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Recent increase in tree damage and mortality and their spatial dependence on drought intensity in Mediterranean forests DOI Creative Commons
Pedro Rebollo, Daniel Moreno‐Fernández, Verónica Cruz‐Alonso

et al.

Landscape Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(3)

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Abstract Context Global change is leading to more frequent and intense tree damage mortality events. Drought-induced occurring worldwide broad-scale events, but the spatial patterns of mortality, their underlying drivers variation over time largely unknown. Objectives We investigated across Mediterranean forests Iberian Peninsula, effects stand structure climate, how relationships with changed time. Methods used Spanish Forest Inventory analyse autocorrelation in forest types, hurdle-gamma models quantify effect climate on cross-correlograms assess dependence its Results observed a greater magnitude stronger than positive aggregation up 20 kms. There was between drivers, increasing water availability, drought intensity structure. The increased time, particularly for intensity. Conclusions Our results suggest that combined competition could favour extensive die-off providing key information identifying vulnerable areas planning adaptation measures.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Drought resistance of major tree species in the Czech Republic DOI
Yumei Jiang, William Marchand, Miloš Rydval

et al.

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 348, P. 109933 - 109933

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Nutritional changes in trees during drought‐induced mortality: A comprehensive meta‐analysis and a field study DOI
Peng He, Jordi Sardans, Xiaoyu Wang

et al.

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Both macronutrients and micronutrients are essential for tree growth development through participating in various ecophysiological processes. However, the impact of nutritional status trees on their ability to withstand drought‐induced mortality remains inconclusive. We thus conducted a comprehensive meta‐analysis, compiling data 11 nutrients from 44 publications (493 independent observations). Additionally, field study was Pinus sylvestris L. with varying vitality loss “Visp” forest southern Switzerland. No consistent decline observed during mortality. The meta‐analysis revealed significantly lower leaf potassium (K), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) concentrations showed no causal relationships between levels trees. This discrepancy is mainly attributed intrinsic differences two types experimental designs ontogenetic stages target Nutrient reductions preceding were predominantly non‐field conditions, where seedlings saplings underdeveloped root systems. It limits nutrient uptake capacity these young drought. Furthermore, responses also influenced by many variables. Specifically, (a) more susceptible drought stress than other organs; (b) reduced prevalent evergreen species mortality; (c) all biomes, Mediterranean forests most vulnerable deficiencies; (d) soil affect direction extent responses. identified factors that influence relationship survival, proposed potential early‐warning indicators impending mortality, example, decreased K declining vitality. These findings contribute our understanding provide practical implications management strategies context global change.

Language: Английский

Citations

10