Journal of Applied Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
44(1), P. 66 - 85
Published: June 29, 2023
Abstract
Microplastics
(MPs)
and
nanoplastics
(NPs)
are
extensively
distributed
in
the
environment.
However,
a
comprehensive
review
in‐depth
discussion
on
effects
of
MPs
NPs
to
reproductive
capacity
transgenerational
toxicity
mammals,
especially
humans,
is
lacked.
It
suggested
that
microplastics
could
accumulate
mammalian
organs
exert
toxic
system
for
both
sexes.
For
males,
damage
consists
abnormal
testicular
sperm
structure,
decreased
vitality,
endocrine
disruption,
which
were
caused
by
oxidative
stress,
inflammation,
apoptosis
cells,
autophagy,
cytoskeleton,
hypothalamic‐pituitary‐testicular
axis.
females,
includes
ovary
uterus
structure
granulosa
cell
apoptosis,
hypothalamic‐pituitary‐ovary
axis
abnormalities,
tissue
fibrosis.
toxicity,
premature
mortality
existed
rodent
offspring
after
maternal
exposure
microplastics.
Among
surviving
offspring,
metabolic
disorders,
dysfunction,
immune,
neurodevelopmental,
cognitive
disorders
detected,
these
events
directly
correlated
with
translocation
NPs.
Studies
human‐derived
cells
or
organoids
demonstrated
studies
sexes
yet
phase
exploring
suitable
experimental
models,
more
detailed
research
threat
human
fertility
still
urgently
needed.
Further
will
help
assess
public
health
risks.
EBioMedicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
99, P. 104901 - 104901
Published: Dec. 6, 2023
Humans
are
exposed
to
micro-and-nano
plastics
(MNPs)
through
various
routes,
but
the
adverse
health
effects
of
MNPs
on
different
organ
systems
not
yet
fully
understood.
This
review
aims
provide
an
overview
potential
impacts
and
identify
knowledge
gaps
in
current
research.
The
summarized
results
suggest
that
exposure
can
lead
oxidative
stress,
inflammation,
immune
dysfunction,
altered
biochemical
energy
metabolism,
impaired
cell
proliferation,
disrupted
microbial
metabolic
pathways,
abnormal
development,
carcinogenicity.
There
is
limited
human
data
MNPs,
despite
evidence
from
animal
cellular
studies.
Most
published
research
has
focused
specific
types
assess
their
toxicity,
while
other
plastic
particles
commonly
found
environment
remain
unstudied.
Future
studies
should
investigate
by
considering
realistic
concentrations,
dose-dependent
effects,
individual
susceptibility,
confounding
factors.
RSC Advances,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(44), P. 28318 - 28340
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Although
the
discovery
of
plastic
in
last
century
has
brought
enormous
benefits
to
daily
activities,
it
must
be
said
that
its
use
produces
countless
environmental
problems
are
difficult
solve.
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
64(11), P. 3502 - 3521
Published: Oct. 17, 2022
Plastic
waste
pollution
is
one
of
the
biggest
problems
in
world
today.
The
amount
plastic
environment
continues
to
increase,
and
human
exposure
microplastic
(MP)
has
become
a
reality.
This
subject
attracted
attention
whole
world.
MP
problem
also
been
noticed
by
scientific
community.
term
mostly
used
define
synthetic
material
with
high
polymer
content
that
can
have
size
range
from
0.1
5000
µm.
paper
aims
characterize
routes
MP,
its
sources,
identify
food
types
contaminated
plastics.
review
addresses
current
state
knowledge
on
this
type
particles,
particular
emphasis
their
influence
health.
Adverse
effects
depend
sources
exposure.
most
common
route
believed
be
gastrointestinal
tract.
Sources
include
fish,
shellfish,
water
as
well
tea,
beer,
wine,
energy
drinks,
soft
milk,
salt,
sugar,
honey,
poultry
meat,
fruits,
vegetables.
Studies
shown
particles
PET,
PE,
PP,
PS,
PVC,
PA,
PC
are
frequently
found
food.
Water Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
232, P. 119707 - 119707
Published: Feb. 5, 2023
Microplastics
(MPs)
are
one
of
the
most
widespread
contaminants
worldwide,
yet
their
risks
for
freshwater
ecosystems
have
seldom
been
investigated.
In
this
study,
we
performed
a
large
monitoring
campaign
to
assess
presence
and
MPs
in
Amazonian
ecosystems.
We
investigated
MP
pollution
40
samples
collected
along
1500
km
Brazilian
Amazon,
including
Amazon
River,
three
major
tributaries,
several
streams
next
important
urban
areas.
55-5000
µm
size
range
were
characterized
(size,
shape,
color)
by
microscopy
identified
(polymer
composition)
infrared
spectroscopy.
Ecotoxicological
assessed
using
chronic
Species
Sensitivity
Distributions
effects
triggered
food
dilution
tissue
translocation
data
alignment
methods
that
correct
polydispersity
environmental
bioaccessibility.
This
study
shows
ubiquitous
ecosystems,
with
measured
concentrations
(55-5000
µm)
ranging
between
5
152
MPs/m3
River
its
main
23
74,550
streams.
The
calculated
Hazardous
Concentration
5%
species
(HC5)
derived
from
SSDs
entire
(1-5000
1.6
×
107
(95%
CI:
1.2
106
-
4.0
108)
dilution,
1.8
1.5
4.3
translocation.
Rescaled
exposure
tributaries
ranged
6.0
103
105
MPs/m3,
significantly
lower
than
HC5
values.
1.7
5.7
108
exceeded
both
values
20%
locations.
ecological
impacts
contamination
not
likely
happen
tributaries.
However,
organisms
may
be
expected
near
densely
populated
areas,
such
as
cities
Manaus
or
Belem,
which
limited
wastewater
treatment
facilities.
Environmental Technology & Innovation,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
31, P. 103176 - 103176
Published: April 30, 2023
This
literature
review
addresses
the
presence
of
plastic
in
domestic
wastewater,
an
increasingly
important
facet
widespread
use
and
its
detrimental
effects
on
environment,
with
a
focus
microplastics
(MPs)
sewage
sludge
their
implications
for
circular
economy.
Extensive
research
has
been
conducted
occurrence
MPs
wastewater
treatment
plants.
Sewage
is
byproduct
such
plants
that
are
widely
used
agricultural
other
sectors
but
may
contain
emerging
contaminants,
including
MPs,
can
pose
significant
risk
to
environment.
The
highlights
high
concentrations
underscores
need
appropriate
disposal
methods
prevent
soil
contamination.
also
detrimentally
interact
as
heavy
metals
organophosphate
esters.
While
extraction
technologies
exist
remove
from
implementation
subject
technical
economic
considerations.
Future
should
optimization
efficacy
these
ensure
safe
management.
Given
levels
contaminants
found
sludge,
it
crucial
implement
enable
sustainable
disposal.
By
acknowledging
challenges
developing
solutions,
we
mitigate
environmental
impacts
promote
waste
management
practices.
