Tracing COVID-19 Trails in Wastewater: A Systematic Review of SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance with Viral Variants

Water, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1018 - 1018

Published: March 7, 2023

The emergence of new variants SARS-CoV-2 associated with varying infectivity, pathogenicity, diagnosis, and effectiveness against treatments challenged the overall management COVID-19 pandemic. Wastewater surveillance (WWS), i.e., monitoring infections in communities through detecting viruses wastewater, was applied to track spread globally. However, there is a lack comprehensive understanding use WWS for variants. Here we systematically reviewed published articles reporting different wastewater by following PRISMA guidelines provided current state art this study area. A total 80 studies were found that reported until November 2022. Most these (66 out 80, 82.5%) conducted Europe North America, resource-rich countries. There high variation sampling strategy around world, composite (50/66 studies, 76%) as primary method In contrast, grab more common (8/14 57%) resource-limited Among detection methods, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based sequencing quantitative RT-PCR commonly used wastewater. variants, B1.1.7 (Alpha) variant appeared earlier pandemic most (48/80 studies), followed B.1.617.2 (Delta), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), others All same pattern clinical within timeline, demonstrating tracked all timely way when emerged. Thus, may be utilized identify presence or absence follow development transmission existing emerging Routine powerful infectious disease tool implemented

Language: Английский

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Emergence of Marburg virus: a global perspective on fatal outbreaks and clinical challenges

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Sept. 13, 2023

The Marburg virus (MV), identified in 1967, has caused deadly outbreaks worldwide, the mortality rate of disease (MVD) varies depending on outbreak and strain, but average case fatality is around 50%. However, rates have varied from 24 to 88% past strain management. Designated a priority pathogen by National Institute Allergy Infectious Diseases (NIAID), MV induces hemorrhagic fever, organ failure, coagulation issues both humans non-human primates. This review presents an extensive exploration MVD evolution, structure, genome, as well sources transmission routes MV, including human-to-human spread involvement natural hosts such Egyptian fruit bat (

Language: Английский

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Correlation of Dengue and Meteorological Factors in Bangladesh: A Public Health Concern

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. 5152 - 5152

Published: March 15, 2023

Dengue virus (DENV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus, a member of the Flaviviridae family (which causes fever), and arthropod-transmitted human viral infection. Bangladesh well known for having some Asia's most vulnerable outbreaks, with climate change, its location, it's dense population serving as main contributors. For speculation about DENV outbreak characteristics, it crucial to determine how meteorological factors correlate number cases. This study used five time series models observe trend forecast Current data-based research has also applied four statistical test relationship between Dengue-positive cases parameters. Datasets were from NASA parameters, daily obtained Directorate General Health Service (DGHS) open-access websites. During period, mean was 882.26 ± 3993.18, ranging minimum 0 maximum 52,636 confirmed The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient climatic variables incidence indicated that no substantial exists wind speed, temperature, surface pressure (Spearman's rho; r = -0.007, p > 0.05; 0.085, -0.086, 0.05, respectively). Still, significant dew point, relative humidity, rainfall (r 0.158, < 0.175, 0.138, Using ARIMAX GA models, speed -666.50 [95% CI: -1711.86 378.86] -953.05 [-2403.46 497.36], respectively. A similar negative relation determined in GLM model (IRR 0.98). Dew point represented both respectively, but showed positive association. Additionally, temperature humidity (105.71 57.39, ARIMAX, 633.86, 200.03 model). In contrast, model. Poisson regression model, windspeed connection all seasons. Temperature are significantly positively associated association recent data first where we aware use Bangladesh. Taking comprehensive measures against outbreaks future can be possible through these findings, which help fellow researchers policymakers.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 monitoring with sparse sampling of sewered and non-sewered wastewater in urban and rural communities

iScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 107019 - 107019

Published: June 9, 2023

Language: Английский

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Developing wastewater-based surveillance schemes for multiple pathogens: The WastPan project in Finland

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 926, P. 171401 - 171401

Published: March 11, 2024

Wastewater comprises multiple pathogens and offers a potential for wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) to track the prevalence of communicable diseases. The Finnish WastPan project aimed establish pandemic preparedness (viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi), including antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This article outlines WastPan's experiences in this project, criteria target selection, sampling locations, frequency, analysis methods results communication. Target selection relied on epidemiological microbiological evidence practical feasibility. Within framework, wastewater samples were collected between 2021 2023 from 10 treatment plants (WWTPs) covering 40 % Finland's population. WWTP was validated reported cases Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing bacterial (Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae) National Infectious Disease Register. workflow included 24-h composite influent samples, with one fraction culture-based (bacteria fungi) rest sample reserved molecular antibiotic genes, parasites). reproducibility monitoring assessed SARS-CoV-2 through inter-laboratory comparisons using N2 N1 assays. Identical protocols applied same-day yielding similar positivity trends two laboratories, but assay achieved significantly higher detection rate (Laboratory 1: 91.5 %; Laboratory 2: 87.4 %) than (76.6 monitored only 2 (McNemar, p < 0.001 Lab 1, = 0.006 2). result indicates that primers assays may impact sensitivity WBS. Overall, current study recommends frequencies population coverage should be based pathogen-specific characteristics. For example, are stable over time need less frequent annual sampling, while those occurring across regions require reduced coverage. Here, successfully piloted WBS pathogens, highlighting significance one-litre community assessing health. infrastructure established COVID-19 is valuable various pathogens. Prioritizing targets optimizes resource utilization, legislative support determination sustained funding advisable future.

Language: Английский

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An opinion on Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring (WBEM) with Clinical Diagnostic Test (CDT) for detecting high-prevalence areas of community COVID-19 infections

Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31, P. 100396 - 100396

Published: Oct. 6, 2022

Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring (WBEM) is an efficient surveillance tool during the COVID-19 pandemic as it meets all requirements of a complete monitoring system including early warning, tracking current trend, prevalence disease, detection genetic diversity well asthe up-surging SARS-CoV-2 new variants with mutations from wastewater samples. Subsequently, Clinical Diagnostic Test widely acknowledged global gold standard method for disease monitoring, despite several drawbacks such high diagnosis cost, reporting bias, and difficulty asymptomatic patients (silent spreaders infection who manifest nosymptoms disease). In this reviewand opinion-based study, we first propose combined approach) detecting in communities using clinical sample testing, which may be feasible effective emerging public health long-term nationwide system. The viral concentrations samples can used indicatorsto monitor ongoing trends, predict carriers, detect hotspot areas, while sampleshelp mostlysymptomaticindividuals isolating positive cases validate WBEM protocol mass vaccination booster doses COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Association between Global Monkeypox Cases and Meteorological Factors

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(23), P. 15638 - 15638

Published: Nov. 24, 2022

The emergence of an outbreak Monkeypox disease (MPXD) is caused by a contagious zoonotic virus (MPXV) that has spread globally. Yet, there no study investigating the effect climatic changes on MPXV transmission. Thus, studies changing epidemiology, evolving nature virus, and ecological niche are highly paramount. Determination role potential meteorological drivers including temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, dew point, wind speed, surface pressure beneficial to understand MPXD outbreak. This examines in cases over time while assessing characteristics could impact these disparities from onset global To conduct this data-based research, several well-accepted statistical techniques Simple Exponential Smoothing (SES), Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Automatic forecasting time-series model (Prophet), Autoregressive with Explanatory Variables (ARIMAX) were applied delineate correlation factors daily cases. Data affected countries spanning 6 May 2022, 9 November databases data used evaluate developed models. According ARIMAX model, results showed have positive [(51.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): −274.55 377.68), (17.32, CI: −83.71 118.35) (23.42, −9.90 56.75), respectively] In addition, dew/frost speed show significant negative Prophet rising cases, although trend predicts peak values overall increases. underscores importance immediate appropriate preventive measures (timely preparedness proactive control strategies) utmost priority against awareness-raising programs, discovery, formulation effective vaccine candidate(s), prophylaxis therapeutic regimes, management strategies.

Language: Английский

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Norovirus, Hepatitis A and SARS-CoV-2 surveillance within Chilean rural wastewater treatment plants based on different biological treatment typologies

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 863, P. 160685 - 160685

Published: Dec. 5, 2022

Language: Английский

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Variant-specific deleterious mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome reveal immune responses and potentials for prophylactic vaccine development

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has had a disastrous effect worldwide during the previous three years due to widespread infections with SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variations. More than 674 million confirmed cases over 6.7 deaths have been attributed successive waves of as 29th January 2023. Similar other RNA viruses, is more susceptible genetic evolution spontaneous mutations time, resulting in continual emergence variants distinct characteristics. Spontaneous increase transmissibility, virulence, severity diminish efficacy therapeutics vaccines, vaccine-breakthrough re-infection, leading high mortality morbidity rates. Materials methods: In this study, we evaluated 10,531 whole genome sequences all reported globally through computational approach assess spread genome. The available data sources NextCladeCLI 2.3.0 (https://clades.nextstrain.org/) NextStrain (https://nextstrain.org/) were searched for tracking mutations, analysed using PROVEAN, Polyphen-2, Predict SNP mutational analysis tools validated Machine Learning models. Result: Compared Wuhan-Hu-1 reference strain NC 045512.2, genome-wide annotations showed 16,954 We determined that Omicron variant 6,307 (retrieved sequence:1947), including 67.8% unique any study. spike protein harboured 876 443 deleterious mutations. Among these 187 common 256 non-synonymous contrast, after analysing 1,884 Delta variant, discovered 4,468 which 66% unique, not previously variants. Mutations affecting proteins are mostly found RBD regions Omicron, whereas most drawn focus on amino acid ranging from 911 924 context epitope prediction (B cell & T cell) stability impact protruding transmissible. Discussion: pathogenesis could be prevented if persistent immunosuppressive can targeted vaccination or small-molecule inhibitor designing. Thus, our findings will help researchers monitor track continuously evolving nature strains, associated variants, their implications developing effective control prophylaxis strategies.

Language: Английский

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Dependency of sanitation infrastructure on the discharge of faecal coliform and SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in wastewater from COVID and non-COVID hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 867, P. 161424 - 161424

Published: Jan. 7, 2023

Language: Английский

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