Background:
Waterborne
diseases
pose
a
significant
global
public
health
threat,
compelling
enhanced
comprehensive
surveillance.
This
study
investigates
the
current
infectious
disease
and
antimicrobial
resistance
(AMR)
surveillance
systems,
including
wastewater
environmental
(WES),
in
three
sub-Saharan
African
countries:
Tanzania,
Burkina
Faso,
Democratic
Republic
of
Congo
(DRC).
The
countries
have
their
specificities
regarding
networks
logistic
systems.
So,
emphasizing
need
to
strengthen
existing
surveillance,
paper
advocates
for
incorporating
WES
systems
specifically
designed
countries'
context
monitor
waterborne
re-emerging
pathogens,
as
well
AMR.Methods:
National
workshops
were
conducted
assess
clinical
identify
priority
pathogens
new
monitoring.
Data
collected
through
surveys
from
experts
academia,
research,
policy,
healthcare.
Results:
Prioritized
include
(poliovirus,
Salmonella
Typhi,
Vibrio
cholerae),
respiratory
(influenza
A&B,
SARS-CoV-2),
other
(Measles
Rubella,
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis).
Recommended
AMR
drug-resistant
tuberculosis,
spp.,
methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus
aureus,
extended-spectrum
beta-lactamase
carbapenemase-producing
E.
coli.
DRC
employ
DHSI2-based
centralized
electronic
data
collection,
complemented
by
Excel
paper-based
registries.
approach
is
commonly
employed
monitoring
poliovirus
rarely
pathogens.
Discussion
conclusions:
valuable
tool
early
detection
locally
circulating
human-derived
aiding
outbreak
detection,
data-driven
epidemic
response,
prevention.
availability
results
underscores
importance
effective
sanitation
safeguarding
human,
animal,
health.
pivotal
integrated
risk
management,
preventing
outbreaks,
protecting
drinking
water
sources,
ultimately
gaining
various
UN
Sustainable
Development
Goals.
highlights
customized
line
with
each
country's
context,
localized
approaches
AMR.
Water,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(6), P. 1018 - 1018
Published: March 7, 2023
The
emergence
of
new
variants
SARS-CoV-2
associated
with
varying
infectivity,
pathogenicity,
diagnosis,
and
effectiveness
against
treatments
challenged
the
overall
management
COVID-19
pandemic.
Wastewater
surveillance
(WWS),
i.e.,
monitoring
infections
in
communities
through
detecting
viruses
wastewater,
was
applied
to
track
spread
globally.
However,
there
is
a
lack
comprehensive
understanding
use
WWS
for
variants.
Here
we
systematically
reviewed
published
articles
reporting
different
wastewater
by
following
PRISMA
guidelines
provided
current
state
art
this
study
area.
A
total
80
studies
were
found
that
reported
until
November
2022.
Most
these
(66
out
80,
82.5%)
conducted
Europe
North
America,
resource-rich
countries.
There
high
variation
sampling
strategy
around
world,
composite
(50/66
studies,
76%)
as
primary
method
In
contrast,
grab
more
common
(8/14
57%)
resource-limited
Among
detection
methods,
reverse
transcriptase
polymerase
chain
reaction
(RT-PCR)-based
sequencing
quantitative
RT-PCR
commonly
used
wastewater.
variants,
B1.1.7
(Alpha)
variant
appeared
earlier
pandemic
most
(48/80
studies),
followed
B.1.617.2
(Delta),
B.1.351
(Beta),
P.1
(Gamma),
others
All
same
pattern
clinical
within
timeline,
demonstrating
tracked
all
timely
way
when
emerged.
Thus,
may
be
utilized
identify
presence
or
absence
follow
development
transmission
existing
emerging
Routine
powerful
infectious
disease
tool
implemented
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Sept. 13, 2023
The
Marburg
virus
(MV),
identified
in
1967,
has
caused
deadly
outbreaks
worldwide,
the
mortality
rate
of
disease
(MVD)
varies
depending
on
outbreak
and
strain,
but
average
case
fatality
is
around
50%.
However,
rates
have
varied
from
24
to
88%
past
strain
management.
Designated
a
priority
pathogen
by
National
Institute
Allergy
Infectious
Diseases
(NIAID),
MV
induces
hemorrhagic
fever,
organ
failure,
coagulation
issues
both
humans
non-human
primates.
This
review
presents
an
extensive
exploration
MVD
evolution,
structure,
genome,
as
well
sources
transmission
routes
MV,
including
human-to-human
spread
involvement
natural
hosts
such
Egyptian
fruit
bat
(
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
20(6), P. 5152 - 5152
Published: March 15, 2023
Dengue
virus
(DENV)
is
an
enveloped,
single-stranded
RNA
virus,
a
member
of
the
Flaviviridae
family
(which
causes
fever),
and
arthropod-transmitted
human
viral
infection.
Bangladesh
well
known
for
having
some
Asia's
most
vulnerable
outbreaks,
with
climate
change,
its
location,
it's
dense
population
serving
as
main
contributors.
For
speculation
about
DENV
outbreak
characteristics,
it
crucial
to
determine
how
meteorological
factors
correlate
number
cases.
This
study
used
five
time
series
models
observe
trend
forecast
Current
data-based
research
has
also
applied
four
statistical
test
relationship
between
Dengue-positive
cases
parameters.
Datasets
were
from
NASA
parameters,
daily
obtained
Directorate
General
Health
Service
(DGHS)
open-access
websites.
During
period,
mean
was
882.26
±
3993.18,
ranging
minimum
0
maximum
52,636
confirmed
The
Spearman's
rank
correlation
coefficient
climatic
variables
incidence
indicated
that
no
substantial
exists
wind
speed,
temperature,
surface
pressure
(Spearman's
rho;
r
=
-0.007,
p
>
0.05;
0.085,
-0.086,
0.05,
respectively).
Still,
significant
dew
point,
relative
humidity,
rainfall
(r
0.158,
<
0.175,
0.138,
Using
ARIMAX
GA
models,
speed
-666.50
[95%
CI:
-1711.86
378.86]
-953.05
[-2403.46
497.36],
respectively.
A
similar
negative
relation
determined
in
GLM
model
(IRR
0.98).
Dew
point
represented
both
respectively,
but
showed
positive
association.
Additionally,
temperature
humidity
(105.71
57.39,
ARIMAX,
633.86,
200.03
model).
In
contrast,
model.
Poisson
regression
model,
windspeed
connection
all
seasons.
Temperature
are
significantly
positively
associated
association
recent
data
first
where
we
aware
use
Bangladesh.
Taking
comprehensive
measures
against
outbreaks
future
can
be
possible
through
these
findings,
which
help
fellow
researchers
policymakers.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
926, P. 171401 - 171401
Published: March 11, 2024
Wastewater
comprises
multiple
pathogens
and
offers
a
potential
for
wastewater-based
surveillance
(WBS)
to
track
the
prevalence
of
communicable
diseases.
The
Finnish
WastPan
project
aimed
establish
pandemic
preparedness
(viruses,
bacteria,
parasites,
fungi),
including
antimicrobial
resistance
(AMR).
This
article
outlines
WastPan's
experiences
in
this
project,
criteria
target
selection,
sampling
locations,
frequency,
analysis
methods
results
communication.
Target
selection
relied
on
epidemiological
microbiological
evidence
practical
feasibility.
Within
framework,
wastewater
samples
were
collected
between
2021
2023
from
10
treatment
plants
(WWTPs)
covering
40
%
Finland's
population.
WWTP
was
validated
reported
cases
Extended
Spectrum
Beta-lactamase-producing
bacterial
(Escherichia
coli
Klebsiella
pneumoniae)
National
Infectious
Disease
Register.
workflow
included
24-h
composite
influent
samples,
with
one
fraction
culture-based
(bacteria
fungi)
rest
sample
reserved
molecular
antibiotic
genes,
parasites).
reproducibility
monitoring
assessed
SARS-CoV-2
through
inter-laboratory
comparisons
using
N2
N1
assays.
Identical
protocols
applied
same-day
yielding
similar
positivity
trends
two
laboratories,
but
assay
achieved
significantly
higher
detection
rate
(Laboratory
1:
91.5
%;
Laboratory
2:
87.4
%)
than
(76.6
monitored
only
2
(McNemar,
p
<
0.001
Lab
1,
=
0.006
2).
result
indicates
that
primers
assays
may
impact
sensitivity
WBS.
Overall,
current
study
recommends
frequencies
population
coverage
should
be
based
pathogen-specific
characteristics.
For
example,
are
stable
over
time
need
less
frequent
annual
sampling,
while
those
occurring
across
regions
require
reduced
coverage.
Here,
successfully
piloted
WBS
pathogens,
highlighting
significance
one-litre
community
assessing
health.
infrastructure
established
COVID-19
is
valuable
various
pathogens.
Prioritizing
targets
optimizes
resource
utilization,
legislative
support
determination
sustained
funding
advisable
future.
Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
31, P. 100396 - 100396
Published: Oct. 6, 2022
Wastewater-Based
Epidemiological
Monitoring
(WBEM)
is
an
efficient
surveillance
tool
during
the
COVID-19
pandemic
as
it
meets
all
requirements
of
a
complete
monitoring
system
including
early
warning,
tracking
current
trend,
prevalence
disease,
detection
genetic
diversity
well
asthe
up-surging
SARS-CoV-2
new
variants
with
mutations
from
wastewater
samples.
Subsequently,
Clinical
Diagnostic
Test
widely
acknowledged
global
gold
standard
method
for
disease
monitoring,
despite
several
drawbacks
such
high
diagnosis
cost,
reporting
bias,
and
difficulty
asymptomatic
patients
(silent
spreaders
infection
who
manifest
nosymptoms
disease).
In
this
reviewand
opinion-based
study,
we
first
propose
combined
approach)
detecting
in
communities
using
clinical
sample
testing,
which
may
be
feasible
effective
emerging
public
health
long-term
nationwide
system.
The
viral
concentrations
samples
can
used
indicatorsto
monitor
ongoing
trends,
predict
carriers,
detect
hotspot
areas,
while
sampleshelp
mostlysymptomaticindividuals
isolating
positive
cases
validate
WBEM
protocol
mass
vaccination
booster
doses
COVID-19.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
19(23), P. 15638 - 15638
Published: Nov. 24, 2022
The
emergence
of
an
outbreak
Monkeypox
disease
(MPXD)
is
caused
by
a
contagious
zoonotic
virus
(MPXV)
that
has
spread
globally.
Yet,
there
no
study
investigating
the
effect
climatic
changes
on
MPXV
transmission.
Thus,
studies
changing
epidemiology,
evolving
nature
virus,
and
ecological
niche
are
highly
paramount.
Determination
role
potential
meteorological
drivers
including
temperature,
precipitation,
relative
humidity,
dew
point,
wind
speed,
surface
pressure
beneficial
to
understand
MPXD
outbreak.
This
examines
in
cases
over
time
while
assessing
characteristics
could
impact
these
disparities
from
onset
global
To
conduct
this
data-based
research,
several
well-accepted
statistical
techniques
Simple
Exponential
Smoothing
(SES),
Auto-Regressive
Integrated
Moving
Average
(ARIMA),
Automatic
forecasting
time-series
model
(Prophet),
Autoregressive
with
Explanatory
Variables
(ARIMAX)
were
applied
delineate
correlation
factors
daily
cases.
Data
affected
countries
spanning
6
May
2022,
9
November
databases
data
used
evaluate
developed
models.
According
ARIMAX
model,
results
showed
have
positive
[(51.56,
95%
confidence
interval
(CI):
−274.55
377.68),
(17.32,
CI:
−83.71
118.35)
(23.42,
−9.90
56.75),
respectively]
In
addition,
dew/frost
speed
show
significant
negative
Prophet
rising
cases,
although
trend
predicts
peak
values
overall
increases.
underscores
importance
immediate
appropriate
preventive
measures
(timely
preparedness
proactive
control
strategies)
utmost
priority
against
awareness-raising
programs,
discovery,
formulation
effective
vaccine
candidate(s),
prophylaxis
therapeutic
regimes,
management
strategies.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Feb. 7, 2023
Introduction:
Coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19),
caused
by
SARS-CoV-2,
has
had
a
disastrous
effect
worldwide
during
the
previous
three
years
due
to
widespread
infections
with
SARS-CoV-2
and
its
emerging
variations.
More
than
674
million
confirmed
cases
over
6.7
deaths
have
been
attributed
successive
waves
of
as
29th
January
2023.
Similar
other
RNA
viruses,
is
more
susceptible
genetic
evolution
spontaneous
mutations
time,
resulting
in
continual
emergence
variants
distinct
characteristics.
Spontaneous
increase
transmissibility,
virulence,
severity
diminish
efficacy
therapeutics
vaccines,
vaccine-breakthrough
re-infection,
leading
high
mortality
morbidity
rates.
Materials
methods:
In
this
study,
we
evaluated
10,531
whole
genome
sequences
all
reported
globally
through
computational
approach
assess
spread
genome.
The
available
data
sources
NextCladeCLI
2.3.0
(https://clades.nextstrain.org/)
NextStrain
(https://nextstrain.org/)
were
searched
for
tracking
mutations,
analysed
using
PROVEAN,
Polyphen-2,
Predict
SNP
mutational
analysis
tools
validated
Machine
Learning
models.
Result:
Compared
Wuhan-Hu-1
reference
strain
NC
045512.2,
genome-wide
annotations
showed
16,954
We
determined
that
Omicron
variant
6,307
(retrieved
sequence:1947),
including
67.8%
unique
any
study.
spike
protein
harboured
876
443
deleterious
mutations.
Among
these
187
common
256
non-synonymous
contrast,
after
analysing
1,884
Delta
variant,
discovered
4,468
which
66%
unique,
not
previously
variants.
Mutations
affecting
proteins
are
mostly
found
RBD
regions
Omicron,
whereas
most
drawn
focus
on
amino
acid
ranging
from
911
924
context
epitope
prediction
(B
cell
&
T
cell)
stability
impact
protruding
transmissible.
Discussion:
pathogenesis
could
be
prevented
if
persistent
immunosuppressive
can
targeted
vaccination
or
small-molecule
inhibitor
designing.
Thus,
our
findings
will
help
researchers
monitor
track
continuously
evolving
nature
strains,
associated
variants,
their
implications
developing
effective
control
prophylaxis
strategies.