Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 26, 2023
Abstract
GenX
(hexafluoropropylene
oxide
dimer
acid)
belongs
to
the
group
of
per-
and
poly-fluoroalkyl
substance
(PFAS)
compounds
introduced
replace
perfluorooctanoic
acid
(PFOA),
which
has
been
phased
out
in
industrial
consumer
product
formulations.
While
investigated
lab
animals,
there
is
limited
information
available
regarding
its
uptake
translocation
wheat
rice.
This
study
reports
on
a
greenhouse
experiment
rice
grown
under
flooded
non-flooded
conditions
were
exposed
two
concentrations
soil
(0.4
mg
kg
−
1
2
).
was
analysed
soil,
porewater
shoots
using
targeted
liquid
chromatography-tandem
mass
spectroscopy
(LC-MS/MS)
analysis.
Extractable
organic
fluorine
(EOF)
determined
high-resolution
continuum
source
graphite
furnace
molecular
absorption
spectrometry
(HR
GFMAS).
Results
showed
that
different
species
took
up
amounts
GenX.
The
found
be
2.34
(±
0.45)
µg
g
4.11
0.87)
conditions,
respectively,
at
low
exposure
level.
At
high
exposure,
increased
threefold
10.4
0.41)
13.4
0.72)
,
respectively.
Wheat
similar
increases
between
low-
high-level
exposure.
factor
significantly
higher
(
P
=
0.013)
compared
bioaccumulation
behaviours
same
culture
(e.g.
temperature,
humidity,
light,
concentration
soil)
<
0.001).
Non-flooded
plants
displayed
level
than
ones.
Following
GenX,
reduction
biomass
(25%)
control
0.014).
Our
findings
indicate
bioaccumulative
compound,
presence
likely
inhibits
growth
plants.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
915, P. 170032 - 170032
Published: Jan. 18, 2024
Poly-
and
perfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
are
highly
persistent
mobile
pollutants
raising
alarming
concerns
due
to
their
capability
accumulate
in
living
organisms
exert
toxic
effects
on
human
health.
We
studied
the
accumulation
of
different
PFAS
leaves
fruits
tomato
plants
grown
a
PFAS-polluted
soil
North-East
Italy.
Tomato
were
grafted
with
rootstocks
characterized
by
vigor,
irrigated
groundwater.
Leaves
first
sixth
truss
analyzed
at
full
plant
maturity.
All
varieties
accumulated
fruits,
highest
concentrations
detected
most
vigorous
rootstock
reflecting
concentration
profile
irrigation
water.
chain
length
from
4
8
C
atoms
carboxylic
sulfonic
functional
groups
leaves,
whereas
only
C4,
C5,
C6
fruits.
A
general
trend
decreasing
upon
increasing
height
trusses
was
observed.
Calculation
target
hazard
quotient
(THQ)
showed
values
depending
vigor.
The
index
(HI)
slightly
higher
than
1
for
plants,
indicating
potential
risks
health
associated
consumption
contaminated
Frontiers in Environmental Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: May 28, 2024
Introduction
Tire
and
road
wear
particles
are
one
of
the
most
abundant
types
microplastic
entering
environment.
The
toxicity
tire
has
been
linked
to
their
organic
additives
associated
transformation
products.
particles,
tire-derived
compounds
introduced
agricultural
environment
via
atmospheric
deposition,
irrigation
with
reclaimed
wastewater,
use
biosolids
(treated
sewage
sludge)
as
fertilizer.
In
environment,
these
could
be
taken
up
by
edible
plants,
leading
human
exposure.
Methods
Sixteen
were
measured
in
twenty-eight
commercial
leafy
vegetable
samples
from
four
countries.
Based
on
results,
estimated
daily
intake
was
calculated
due
consumption
based
local
diets
under
a
mean
maximum
concentration
scenario.
Results
vegetables,
six
detected:
benzothiazole
(maximum
concentration—238
ng/g
dry
weight),
2-hydroxybenzothiazole
concentration—665
1,3-diphenylguanidine
concentration—2.1
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
(6PPD,
concentration—0.4
N-Isopropyl-N-phenyl-4-phenylenediamine
(IPPD,
concentration—0.1
N-phenyl-N-cyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine
(CPPD,
concentration—0.3
weight).
At
least
compound
present
71%
analyzed.
for
ranged
0.05
ng/person/day
scenario
4.0
scenario;
12
1,296
ng/person/day;
6PPD
0.06
2.6
IPPD
0.04
1.1
CPPD
ng/person/day.
Discussion
Statistical
analyses
did
not
reveal
correlation
between
known
growth
conditions
concentrations
samples.
generally
lower
than
or
comparable
other
sources.
However,
we
show
that
foodstuff,
exposure
might
higher
produce.
Future
studies
needed
uncover
pathways
food,
assess
products,
investigate
biological
effects
this
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
57(26), P. 9702 - 9712
Published: June 14, 2023
Hexafluoropropylene
oxide
(HFPO)
homologues,
which
are
important
alternatives
to
perfluorooctanoic
acid,
have
been
frequently
identified
in
crops.
Although
exposure
HFPO
homologues
via
crops
may
pose
non-negligible
threats
humans,
their
impact
on
is
still
unknown.
In
this
study,
the
accumulation,
transport,
and
distribution
mechanisms
of
three
lettuce
were
investigated
at
plant,
tissue,
cell
levels.
More
specifically,
trimer
acid
tetramer
primarily
fixed
roots
hardly
transported
shoots
(TF,
0.06–0.63).
Conversely,
dimer
(HFPO-DA)
tended
accumulate
2–264
times
more
than
other
two
thus
resulting
higher
estimated
daily
intake
values.
Furthermore,
dissolved
organic
matter
derived
from
root
exudate
enhanced
HFPO-DA
uptake
by
increasing
its
desorption
fractions
rhizosphere.
The
transmembrane
was
controlled
means
a
transporter-mediated
active
process
involving
anion
channels,
with
being
additionally
facilitated
aquaporins.
accumulation
attributed
larger
proportions
soluble
fraction
(55–74%)
abundance
both
vascular
tissues
xylem
sap.
Our
findings
expand
understanding
fate
soil–crop
systems
reveal
underlying
potential
risk
HFPO-DA.
ACS ES&T Engineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
4(8), P. 1884 - 1890
Published: June 4, 2024
Plant
uptake
and
accumulation
of
per-
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS),
represented
by
the
root
concentration
factor
(RCF),
shoot
(SCF),
translocation
(TF),
were
predicted
using
machine
learning
(ML)
models
from
experimental
data
with
19
PFAS
compounds
nine
plant
species.
Unsupervised
principal
component
analysis
(PCA)
was
first
used
to
classify
input
data,
then
supervised
ML
models,
including
multiple
linear
regression
model
(MLR),
artificial
neural
network
(ANN),
random
forest
(RF),
support
vector
(SVM)
algorithms,
applied
for
predicting
chosen
output
parameters.
RF
displayed
highest
prediction
accuracy
among
tested
models.
Feature
importance
performed
showed
that
molecular
weight,
exposure
time,
species
are
most
important
parameters
RCF,
SCF,
TF
in
hydroponic
systems.
further
estimate
two
prevalent
compounds,
perfluorooctanoic
acid
(PFOA)
perfluorooctanesulfonic
(PFOS),
their
common
alternatives
results
revealed
replacing
have
either
comparable
or
higher
roots
shoots.
Our
demonstrated
approach
could
generate
critical
insight
into
shed
light
on
potential
food
safety
concerns
replacements.
