A systematic review for non-targeted analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 960, P. 178240 - 178240

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

This review follows the PRISMA guidelines to provide a systematic of 115 peer reviewed articles that used non-targeted analysis (NTA) methods detect per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS). literature highlights significant positive impact NTA in understanding PFAS environment. Within geographical bias exists, with most studies (∼60 %) conducted United States China. Future other regions (such as South America Africa) are needed gain more global understanding. More research is required marine environments atmosphere, current focus mainly on freshwater, groundwater, soil, sediments. The majority measuring environment, rather than commercial products (with exception AFFF). Non-lethal blood sampling has been successful for humans wildlife, but additional biomonitoring exposed cohorts understand health risks biotransformation pathways. mostly use liquid chromatography negative ionisation, which biases towards detection specific PFAS. Despite improvements data reporting quality assurance control (QA/QC) procedures, factors such false rates often overlooked, many workflows remain highly subjective. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) perfluoroalkyl sulfonic (PFSAs) detected classes, identified over 80 % studies, common routine monitoring. However, our >1000 from total 382 different 300 classes found fewer 5 studies. variety present limitations relying solely targeted methods. monitoring programs regulations would benefit considering comprehensive information

Language: Английский

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Non-targeted screening and photolysis transformation of tire-related compounds in roadway runoff

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 924, P. 171622 - 171622

Published: March 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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Insights into the application of the anodic oxidation process for the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water matrices

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 482, P. 148925 - 148925

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

The current study aimed to investigate major knowledge gaps regarding the application of anodic oxidation (AO) process with boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes for remediation water matrices contaminated per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). This included: (i) degradation ultrashort-chain (C1-C3) long-chain (C9-C13) PFAS in addition short- medium-chain (C4-C8) PFAS, (ii) multi-solute systems different content (0.2 µg L-1 versus 2.0 L-1) diversity (24 C1-C13 8 C1-C8) single-solute systems, (iii) use real pure water, (iv) densities (j) up 250 mA cm-2 usual j (≤20 cm-2). C1-C4 a sulfonated headgroup were most recalcitrant compounds. By contrast, ≥C9 ≥C12 carboxylic potentially instantaneously degraded. mainly affected kinetics PFEtS (C2), PFPrA (C3), PFBA (C4). Four under focus: drinking (DW), urban wastewater after secondary treatment (UWW), nanofiltration concentrate (NF) reverse osmosis (RO) from polishing step. typically benefited using primarily due presence chloride ions consequent electrogeneration active chlorine species. However, waters high organic content, namely chemical oxygen demand (COD) 319 mg O2 L-1, was hindered. Furthermore, removal >20 cm-2, some specific required ≥250 have maximized rates.

Language: Английский

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Emerging perfluoroalkyl substances in environmental waters revealed by non-targeted screening

Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37, P. 100531 - 100531

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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PFAS in Landfill Leachate: Practical Considerations for Treatment and Characterization

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 136685 - 136685

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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PFΔScreen — an open-source tool for automated PFAS feature prioritization in non-target HRMS data

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 416(2), P. 349 - 362

Published: Nov. 30, 2023

Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a huge group of anthropogenic chemicals with unique properties that used in countless products applications. Due to the high stability their C-F bonds, PFAS or transformation (TPs) persistent environment, leading ubiquitous detection various samples worldwide. Since industrial chemicals, availability authentic reference standards is limited, making non-target screening (NTS) approaches based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) necessary for more comprehensive characterization. NTS usually time-consuming process, since only small fraction detected can be identified. Therefore, efficient prioritization relevant HRMS signals one most crucial steps. We developed PFΔ Screen , Python-based open-source tool simple graphical user interface (GUI) perform feature using several PFAS-specific techniques such as highly promising MD/C-m/C approach, Kendrick defect analysis, diagnostic fragments (MS 2 ), fragment differences suspect screening. Feature from vendor-independent MS raw data (mzML, data-dependent acquisition) performed via pyOpenMS (or custom lists) subsequent calculations identification both HPLC- GC-HRMS data. The workflow presented four PFAS-contaminated agricultural soil south-western Germany. Over 15 classes (more than 80 single compounds isomers) could identified, including novel classes, potentially TPs precursors fluorotelomer mercapto alkyl phosphates (FTMAPs). within Python environment easily automatically installable executable Windows. Its source code freely available GitHub ( https://github.com/JonZwe/PFAScreen ). Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Can Qualitative Nontarget Data Be Indicative of PFAS Contamination? First Evidence by Correlation with EOF in Environmental Samples

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 996 - 1001

Published: July 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive review of combustion ion chromatography for the analysis of total, adsorbable, and extractable organic fluorine

Journal of Separation Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(15)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of persistent organic pollutants whose high stability appreciable water solubility have led to near-global contamination. PFAS bioaccumulative toxins that been linked myriad disorders detected nearly universally in human blood. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is the most frequent method used for quantitation, though this typically only measures few dozen >14 000 known has shown account small portion total fluorine present. Sum parameter methods such as total, extractable, adsorbable emerged alternative measurements determination. Combustion ion chromatography become preferred organofluorine measurement where sorbent or extract containing combusted emitted hydrofluoric acid (HF) measure cumulative Herein we critically review types measurement, their separation from sample matrix, key parameters analytical instrument affect sensitivity, reproducibility, recovery with regards analysis.

Language: Английский

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A systematic review of methods for the analysis of total per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 967, P. 178644 - 178644

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

This manuscript systematically reviews 156 peer-reviewed articles on methods for estimating total per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), following preferred reporting items systematic meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Direct indirect of PFAS include targeted analysis, fluorine (TF), organic (TOF), extractable (EOF), absorbable (AOF), oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay. Combustion ion chromatography (CIC) was the most utilized method (>50%), followed by particle-induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE, 9%) high-resolution-continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS, 6%). Techniques like instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were less common. A geographic bias evident, with 69% studies from US (33%), Sweden (12%), China Germany (11%). Most research environmental samples (water, soil, sediments), while significant data gaps noted in South America, Africa, atmospheric PFAS. Challenges inter-laboratory comparisons arise inconsistent units (e.g., mg/L, μg/m3, %, etc.). About 75% involved pre-treatment solvent extraction, sorbents), 25% did not. detection limit observed concentrations varied widely, low water (ng/L) to higher levels biota, products (mg/L). Limitations contradictory results when complementary techniques are applied same sample, potentially leading over- or under-estimation. Across studies, a substantial fraction TF remains unaccounted for, highlighting need non-targeted screening (NTS) identify unknown (UPFAS UOPFAS). Bridging these is critical advancing risk assessment.

Language: Английский

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Can qualitative non-target data be indicative of PFAS contamination? First evidence by correlation with EOF in environmental samples

Published: May 21, 2024

We combined and correlated non-target screening (NTS) features extractable organic fluorine (EOF) data for PFAS analysis in environmental samples. Soils, sediments, ashes from different locations (Germany, France, Lithuania) (n=34) were extracted analyzed via liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) high resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption (HR-CS-GFMAS). NTS feature prioritization based on the to carbon (m/C) defect (MD/C) ratio was applied discriminate potential common co-extracted matrix. Our results show a correlation between quantitative EOF with prioritized number (R2 = 0.87, rPearson 0.93) as well total peak area of 0.97, 0.98) while commonly MD-ranges filtering showed much weaker EOF. The observed highly significant correlations highlight that MD/C-m/C is associated good indication overall burden evidenced by Also, semi-quantitative can be PFAS-specific shown vs. areas. indicate lowly fluorinated compounds negligible mostly composed higher substances. recommend further investigation unique complementary combination screening.

Language: Английский

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