Microplastics in the human body: A comprehensive review of exposure, distribution, migration mechanisms, and toxicity

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 946, P. 174215 - 174215

Published: June 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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Bioaccumulation of Microplastics in Decedent Human Brains Assessed by Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 6, 2024

Rising global concentrations of environmental micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) drive concerns for human exposure health outcomes. Applying pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) methods to isolate quantify MNPs from samples, we compared MNP accumulation in kidneys, livers, brains. Autopsy samples the Office Medical Investigator Albuquerque, NM, collected 2016 2024, were digested Py-GC/MS analysis 12 polymers. Brains exhibited higher than liver or kidney samples. All organs significant increases 2024. Polyethylene was predominant polymer; relative proportion polyethylene greater brain kidney. Transmission electron microscopy verified nanoscale nature isolated particles, which largely appeared be aged, shard-like plastics remnants across a wide range sizes. Results demonstrate that are selectively accumulated into rising over time.

Language: Английский

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Toxicological review of micro- and nano-plastics in aquatic environments: Risks to ecosystems, food web dynamics and human health

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 278, P. 116426 - 116426

Published: May 8, 2024

The increase of micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) in aquatic environments has become a significant concern due to their potential toxicological effects on ecosystems, food web dynamics, human health. These plastic particles emerge from range sources, such as the breakdown larger waste, consumer products, industrial outputs. This review provides detailed report transmission dangers MNPs environmental behavior, interactions within webs, emphasizing toxic impact marine life. It explores relationship between particle size toxicity, distribution different tissues, process trophic transfer through web. MNPs, once consumed, can be found various organs, including digestive system, gills, liver. Their consumption by lower level organisms facilitates progression up chain, potentially leading bioaccumulation biomagnification, thereby posing substantial risks health, reproduction, behavior species. work also how persistence bioaccumulation, pose biodiversity disrupt relationships. addresses implications for particularly contaminated seafood, highlighting direct indirect pathways which humans are exposed these pollutants. Furthermore, highlights recommendations future research directions, integration ecological, toxicological, health studies inform risk assessments develop mitigation strategies address global challenge pollution environments.

Language: Английский

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Microplastics in the Olfactory Bulb of the Human Brain

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(9), P. e2440018 - e2440018

Published: Sept. 16, 2024

Microplastic (MP) pollution is an emerging environmental and health concern. While MPs have been detected in various human tissues, their presence the brain has not documented, raising important questions about potential neurotoxic effects mechanisms by which might reach tissues.

Language: Английский

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Neurotoxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on memory and microglial activation: Insights from in vivo and in vitro studies

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 924, P. 171681 - 171681

Published: March 13, 2024

Nanoplastics, arising from the fragmentation of plastics into environmental pollutants and specialized commercial applications, such as cosmetics, have elicited concerns due to their potential toxicity. Evidence suggests that oral ingestion nanoplastics smaller than 100 nm may penetrate brain induce neurotoxicity. However, comprehensive research in this area has been hampered by technical challenges associated with detection synthesis nanoplastics. This study aimed bridge gap successfully synthesizing fluorescent polystyrene (PSNPs, 30–50 nm) through incorporation IR-813 validating them using various analytical techniques. We administered PSNPs orally (10 20 mg/kg/day) mice observed they reached tissues induced cognitive dysfunction, measured spatial fear memory tests, while locomotor social behaviors remained unaffected. In vitro studies (200 μg/mL) demonstrated a predominant uptake microglia over astrocytes or neurons, leading microglial activation, evidenced immunostaining cellular markers morphological analysis. Transcriptomic analysis indicated altered gene expression microglia, highlighting neuroinflammatory responses contribute deficits. To further explore neurotoxic effects mediated we endogenous neuronal activity multi-electrode array cultured hippocampal neurons. The application conditioned media exposed suppressed activity, which was reversed inhibitors activation. Our findings offer detailed insights mechanisms damage brain, particularly emphasizing risk factors impairment neurodegenerative diseases.

Language: Английский

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Bioaccumulation of microplastics in decedent human brains

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Rising global concentrations of environmental microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) drive concerns for human exposure health outcomes. Complementary methods the robust detection tissue MNPs, including pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, confirm presence MNPs in kidney, liver brain. these organs primarily consist polyethylene, lesser but significant other polymers. Brain tissues harbor higher proportions polyethylene compared to composition plastics or verified nature isolated brain which present largely as nanoscale shard-like fragments. Plastic decedent were not influenced by age, sex, race/ethnicity cause death; time death (2016 versus 2024) was a factor, increasing MNP over both samples (P = 0.01). Finally, even greater accumulation observed cohort brains documented dementia diagnosis, notable deposition cerebrovascular walls immune cells. These results highlight critical need better understand routes exposure, uptake clearance pathways potential consequences tissues, particularly Pyrolysis spectrometry reveals from 2016 2024, found

Language: Английский

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The micro(nano)plastics perspective: exploring cancer development and therapy

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Microplastics, as an emerging environmental pollutant, have received widespread attention for their potential impact on ecosystems and human health. Microplastics are defined plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter can be categorized primary secondary microplastics. Primary microplastics usually originate directly from industrial production, while formed by the degradation of larger items. capable triggering cytotoxicity chronic inflammation, may promote cancer through mechanisms such pro-inflammatory responses, oxidative stress endocrine disruption. In addition, improved bring new perspectives to therapy, studies drug carriers underway, showing high targeting bioavailability. Although current suggest association between certain cancers (e.g., lung, liver, breast cancers), long-term effects specific still need studied. This review aimed at exploring carcinogenicity promising applications therapy provides important directions future research emphasizes multidisciplinary collaboration address this global health challenge.

Language: Английский

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A critical review of the adsorption-desorption characteristics of antibiotics on microplastics and their combined toxic effects

Environmental Technology & Innovation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35, P. 103729 - 103729

Published: June 26, 2024

The interaction between microplastics (MPs) and pollutants is crucial for assessing the environmental risk of MPs. It necessary to pay attention adsorption/desorption behavior antibiotics on MPs due their potential role in antibiotic resistance. When MPs-loaded are ingested by organisms, they enter gastrointestinal tract undergo desorption, leading corresponding toxic effects. Existing literature primarily focuses adsorption behavior, while there a lack systematic generalizations desorption or combined effects organisms. Therefore, this article provides review mechanisms, biological tract. Desorption suggests that characteristics (aging hydrophobicity) components fluid (digestive enzyme species pH) can also have effect desorption. Moreover, summarizes induced MPs-antibiotics, demonstrating either enhance reduce plants, microorganisms, aquatic animals. Since methodological uniformity relevance natural environment main shortcomings existing literature, future research should focus actual water given region studying at gene, protein, metabolic levels. This direction expected provide valuable references insights evaluating antibiotics.

Language: Английский

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Exploring developmental toxicity of microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPS): Insights from investigations using zebrafish embryos

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 933, P. 173012 - 173012

Published: May 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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Micro-nanoplastics and cardiovascular diseases: evidence and perspectives

European Heart Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(38), P. 4099 - 4110

Published: Sept. 6, 2024

Abstract Emerging evidence indicates that chemical exposures in the environment are overlooked drivers of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Recent suggests micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) particles derived largely from or mechanical degradation plastics might represent a novel CVD risk factor. Experimental data preclinical models suggest MNPs can foster oxidative stress, platelet aggregation, cell senescence, inflammatory responses endothelial immune cells while promoting range metabolic alterations lead to disease premature death. In humans, various plastics, including polyethylene polyvinylchloride, have been detected atherosclerotic plaques other tissues, pericardia, epicardial adipose pericardial myocardia, left atrial appendages. measurable levels within thrombi seem accumulate preferentially areas vascular lesions. Their presence carotid is associated with subsequent increased incidence events. To further investigate possible causal role CVD, future studies should focus on large, prospective cohorts assessing exposure individuals plastic-related pollution, routes absorption, existence putative safety limit, correspondence between accumulation timing development, pathophysiological mechanisms instigated by pertinent concentrations MNPs. Data such would allow design preventive, even therapeutic, strategies. Meanwhile, existing reducing plastic production use will produce benefits for human health. This goal could be achieved through UN Global Plastics Treaty currently negotiation.

Language: Английский

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