Since
the
discovery
of
6PPD
quinone
and
its
severe
toxicity
to
aquatic
organisms,
development
safer
rubber
antiozonants
(AO3s)
has
become
imperative.
Rubber
AO3s
must,
by
definition,
protect
compounds
against
degradation
due
ozone
(O3),
a
function
that
is
critical
long-term
performance
commercial
products,
most
notably
in
tire
industry.
Identification
candidate
challenging
problem
owing
both
susceptibility
virgin
ozonolysis
stringent
requirements
for
tires.
While
are
known
through
combined
mechanisms
kinetic
scavenging
film
formation,
aspects
each
these
underexplored.
Herein,
we
develop
use
various
experimental
computational
metrics─gel
permeation
chromatography
solution
viscometry
as
well
ground-state
density
functional
theory─for
quantitative
determination
ability
across
benchmark
data
set
35
antidegradants.
We
demonstrate
an
efficient
screening
protocol
scavengers
discuss
implications
design
alternatives,
particularly
those
have
been
proposed
recent
literature.
Environment International,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
187, P. 108677 - 108677
Published: April 21, 2024
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
(6PPD)
is
commonly
used
in
rubber
compounds
as
antioxidants
to
protect
against
degradation
from
heat,
oxygen,
and
ozone
exposure.
This
practice
extends
the
lifespan
of
products,
including
tires,
by
preventing
cracking,
aging,
deterioration.
However,
environmental
consequences
waste
generated
during
product
use,
particularly
formation
6PPD-quinone
(6PPD-Q)
through
reaction
6PPD
with
ozone,
have
raised
significant
concerns
due
their
detrimental
effects
on
ecosystems.
Extensive
research
has
revealed
widespread
occurrence
its
derivate
6PPD-Q
various
compartments,
air,
water,
soil.
The
emerging
substance
been
shown
pose
acute
mortality
long-term
hazards
aquatic
terrestrial
organisms
at
concentrations
below
environmentally
relevant
levels.
Studies
demonstrated
toxic
a
range
organisms,
zebrafish,
nematodes,
mammals.
These
include
neurobehavioral
changes,
reproductive
dysfunction,
digestive
damage
exposure
pathways.
Mechanistic
insights
suggest
that
mitochondrial
stress,
DNA
adduct
formation,
disruption
lipid
metabolism
contribute
toxicity
induced
6PPD-Q.
Recent
findings
human
samples,
such
blood,
urine,
cerebrospinal
fluid,
underscore
importance
further
public
health
toxicological
implications
these
compounds.
distribution,
fate,
biological
effects,
underlying
mechanisms
environment
highlight
urgent
need
for
additional
understand
address
impacts
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
282, P. 116689 - 116689
Published: July 15, 2024
The
recent
acceleration
of
industrialization
and
urbanization
has
brought
significant
attention
to
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
quinone
(6-PPDQ),
an
emerging
environmental
pollutant
from
tire
wear,
due
its
long-term
effects
on
the
environment
organisms.
Recent
studies
suggest
that
6-PPDQ
can
disrupt
neurotransmitter
synthesis
release,
impact
receptor
function,
alter
signaling
pathways,
potentially
causing
oxidative
stress,
inflammation,
apoptosis.
This
review
investigates
potential
neurotoxic
prolonged
exposure,
mechanisms
underlying
cytotoxicity,
associated
health
risks.
We
emphasize
need
for
future
research,
including
precise
exposure
assessments,
identification
individual
differences,
development
risk
assessments
intervention
strategies.
article
provides
a
comprehensive
overview
6-PPDQ's
behavior,
impact,
neurotoxicity
in
environment,
highlighting
key
areas
challenges
research.
