Photolysis of p-phenylenediamine rubber antioxidants in aqueous environment: Kinetics, pathways and their photo-induced toxicity DOI
Chen Wang,

Meichen Sun,

Minghui He

et al.

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 479, P. 135718 - 135718

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

Environmental profiles, hazard identification, and toxicological hallmarks of emerging tire rubber-related contaminants 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone DOI Creative Commons

Yang Jiang,

Chunzhi Wang,

Ling Ma

et al.

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187, P. 108677 - 108677

Published: April 21, 2024

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is commonly used in rubber compounds as antioxidants to protect against degradation from heat, oxygen, and ozone exposure. This practice extends the lifespan of products, including tires, by preventing cracking, aging, deterioration. However, environmental consequences waste generated during product use, particularly formation 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) through reaction 6PPD with ozone, have raised significant concerns due their detrimental effects on ecosystems. Extensive research has revealed widespread occurrence its derivate 6PPD-Q various compartments, air, water, soil. The emerging substance been shown pose acute mortality long-term hazards aquatic terrestrial organisms at concentrations below environmentally relevant levels. Studies demonstrated toxic a range organisms, zebrafish, nematodes, mammals. These include neurobehavioral changes, reproductive dysfunction, digestive damage exposure pathways. Mechanistic insights suggest that mitochondrial stress, DNA adduct formation, disruption lipid metabolism contribute toxicity induced 6PPD-Q. Recent findings human samples, such blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, underscore importance further public health toxicological implications these compounds. distribution, fate, biological effects, underlying mechanisms environment highlight urgent need for additional understand address impacts

Language: Английский

Citations

21
P-phenylenediamine antioxidants and their quinone derivatives: A review of their environmental occurrence, accessibility, potential toxicity, and human exposure DOI

Yuting Liang,

Feng Zhu, Jie Li

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 948, P. 174449 - 174449

Published: July 3, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Environmental concentrations of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q cause oxidative damage and alter metabolism in Eichhornia crassipes DOI

Yichen Ge,

Jinzheng Liu,

Ruiying Shi

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 951, P. 175736 - 175736

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

8
A Review of N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-Phenylenediamine (6PPD) and Its Derivative 6PPD-Quinone in the Environment DOI Creative Commons
Yi Li,

Jingjing Zeng,

Yongjin Liang

et al.

Toxics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 394 - 394

Published: May 28, 2024

As an antioxidant and antiozonant, N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is predominantly used in the rubber industry to prevent degradation. However, 6PPD can be ozonated generate a highly toxic transformation product called quinone (6PPD-quinone), which aquatic terrestrial organisms. Thus, 6PPD-quinone, two emerging contaminants, have attracted extensive attention recently. This review discussed levels distribution of 6PPD-quinone environment investigated their effects on series been widely found air, water, dust, while data soil, sediment, biota are scarce. cause teratogenic, developmental, reproductive, neuronal, genetic toxicity for organisms, at environmentally relevant concentrations. Future research should pay more bioaccumulation, biomagnification, transformation, mechanisms 6PPD-quinone.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Alterations of gut microbiota and its metabolomics in children with 6PPDQ, PBDE, PCB, and metal(loid) exposure DOI
Zhuxia Zhang,

Qi Zhong,

Ziyi Qian

et al.

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 475, P. 134862 - 134862

Published: June 12, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Tire Wear Chemicals in the Urban Atmosphere: Significant Contributions of Tire Wear Particles to PM2.5 DOI

Lele Tian,

Shizhen Zhao, Ruiling Zhang

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

Tire wear particles (TWPs) containing tire chemicals (TWCs) are of global concern due to their large emissions and potential toxicity. However, TWP contributions urban fine poorly understood. Here, 72 paired gas-phase PM

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Spatiotemporal Distribution and Environmental Risk Assessment of 6PPDQ in the Schuylkill River DOI Creative Commons

Kavya Somepalli,

Gangadhar Andaluri

Emerging contaminants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100501 - 100501

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Tire-Derived Organic Chemicals in Urban Air at the Source-Sector Scale and Guidance on the Application of Polyurethane Foam Disk Passive Air Samplers DOI Creative Commons
Cassandra Johannessen, Amandeep Saini, Xianming Zhang

et al.

ACS ES&T Air, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 28, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Correlation between 6PPD-Q and immune along with metabolic dysregulation induced liver lesions in outdoor workers DOI Creative Commons
Zhihao Qin, Yan Li,

Yanlan Qin

et al.

Environment International, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 199, P. 109455 - 109455

Published: April 12, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Environmental occurrence, fate, human exposure, and human health risks of p-phenylenediamines and their quinones DOI
Ruiying Shi, Zhao Zhang, Aurang Zeb

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 957, P. 177742 - 177742

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

3