Grassland soil carbon sequestration: Current understanding, challenges, and solutions

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(6606), P. 603 - 608

Published: Aug. 4, 2022

Grasslands store approximately one third of the global terrestrial carbon stocks and can act as an important soil sink. Recent studies show that plant diversity increases organic (SOC) storage by elevating inputs to belowground biomass promoting microbial necromass contribution SOC storage. Climate change affects grassland modifying processes catabolism anabolism. Improved grazing management biodiversity restoration provide low-cost and/or high-carbon-gain options for natural climate solutions in grasslands. The achievable sequestration potential grasslands is 2.3 7.3 billion tons dioxide equivalents per year (CO2e year-1) restoration, 148 699 megatons CO2e year-1 improved management, 147 sown legumes pasturelands.

Language: Английский

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Soil carbon sequestration – An interplay between soil microbial community and soil organic matter dynamics

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 815, P. 152928 - 152928

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

Language: Английский

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Fast-decaying plant litter enhances soil carbon in temperate forests but not through microbial physiological traits

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 9, 2022

Abstract Conceptual and empirical advances in soil biogeochemistry have challenged long-held assumptions about the role of micro-organisms organic carbon (SOC) dynamics; yet, rigorous tests emerging concepts remain sparse. Recent hypotheses suggest that microbial necromass production links plant inputs to SOC accumulation, with high-quality (i.e., rapidly decomposing) litter promoting use efficiency, growth, turnover leading more mineral stabilization necromass. We test this hypothesis experimentally observations across six eastern US forests, using stable isotopes measure traits dynamics. Here we show, both studies, are negatively (not positively) related mineral-associated SOC. In experiment, stimulation growth by enhances decomposition, offsetting positive effect quality on stabilization. is not primary driver persistence temperate forests. Factors such as origin, alternative formation pathways, priming effects, abiotic properties can strongly decouple from

Language: Английский

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Clarifying the evidence for microbial‐ and plant‐derived soil organic matter, and the path toward a more quantitative understanding

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(24), P. 7167 - 7185

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

Predicting and mitigating changes in soil carbon (C) stocks under global change requires a coherent understanding of the factors regulating organic matter (SOM) formation persistence, including knowledge direct sources SOM (plants vs. microbes). In recent years, conceptual models have emphasized primacy microbial-derived inputs, proposing that microbial physiological traits (e.g., growth efficiency) are dominant controls on quantity. However, quantitative studies challenged this view, suggesting plants make larger contributions to than is currently recognized by paradigm. review, we attempt reconcile these perspectives highlighting variation across estimates plant- versus may arise part from methodological limitations. We show all major methods used estimate plant substantial shortcomings, uncertainty our current estimates. demonstrate there significant overlap chemical signatures compounds produced microbes, roots, through extracellular decomposition litter, which introduces into use common biomarkers for parsing SOM, especially mineral-associated (MAOM) fraction. Although review contributed deeper limitations with constrain light advances, suggest now critical time re-evaluate long-standing methods, clearly define their limitations, develop strategic plan improving quantification SOM. From synthesis, outline key questions challenges future research mechanisms stabilization pathways.

Language: Английский

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Coupled iron cycling and organic matter transformation across redox interfaces

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(9), P. 659 - 673

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Formation of necromass-derived soil organic carbon determined by microbial death pathways

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 115 - 122

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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Regenerative Agriculture—A Literature Review on the Practices and Mechanisms Used to Improve Soil Health

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 2338 - 2338

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

Conventional farming practices can lead to soil degradation and a decline in productivity. Regenerative agriculture (RA) is purported by advocates as solution these issues that focuses on health carbon sequestration. The fundamental principles of RA are keep the covered, minimise disturbance, preserve living roots year round, increase species diversity, integrate livestock, limit or eliminate use synthetic compounds (such herbicides fertilisers). overall objectives rejuvenate land provide environmental, economic, social benefits wider community. Despite RA, vast majority growers reluctant adopt due lack empirical evidence claimed profitability. We examined reported mechanisms associated with against available scientific data. literature suggests agricultural such minimum tillage, residue retention, cover cropping improve carbon, crop yield, certain climatic zones types. Excessive chemicals biodiversity loss ecosystem degradation. Combining livestock agroforestry same landscape several co-benefits. However, vary among different agroecosystems may not necessarily be applicable across multiple agroecological regions. Our recommendation implement rigorous long-term system trials compare conventional order build knowledge regional scales. This will policy-makers an base from which make informed decisions about adopting realise their economic achieve resilience climate change.

Language: Английский

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Deep-C storage: Biological, chemical and physical strategies to enhance carbon stocks in agricultural subsoils

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 170, P. 108697 - 108697

Published: May 17, 2022

Due to their substantial volume, subsoils contain more of the total soil carbon (C) pool than topsoils. Much this C is thousands years old, suggesting that offer considerable potential for long-term sequestration. However, knowledge subsoil behaviour and manageability remains incomplete, storage has yet be realised at a large scale, particularly in agricultural systems. A range biological (e.g. deep-rooting), chemical biochar burial) physical deep ploughing) sequestration strategies have been proposed, but are assessed. In review, we identify main factors regulate cycling critically evaluate evidence mechanistic basis designed promote greater storage, with particular emphasis on agroecosystems. We assess barriers opportunities implementation enhance 5 key current gaps scientific understanding. conclude subsoils, while highly heterogeneous, many cases suited The proposed may also bring other tangible benefits cropping systems enhanced water holding capacity nutrient use efficiency). Furthermore, reviewed potential, studies needed across diverse soils climates, conjunction chronosequence space-for-time substitutions. Also, it vital consistently included modelled estimations stocks subsoil-explicit models developed specifically reflect processes. Finally, further mapping specific regions Middle East, Eastern Europe, South Central America, Asia Africa). Conducting both immediate will fill devise appropriate policies help global fight against climate change decline quality. conclusion, our evidence-based analysis reveals an untapped terrestrial ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Increasing contribution of microbial residues to soil organic carbon in grassland restoration chronosequence

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 170, P. 108688 - 108688

Published: April 28, 2022

Language: Английский

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Microbial Necromass in Soils—Linking Microbes to Soil Processes and Carbon Turnover

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Dec. 14, 2021

The organic matter of living plants is the precursor material stored in terrestrial soil ecosystems. Although a great deal knowledge exists on carbon turnover processes plant material, some (SOM) formation, particular from microbial necromass, are still not fully understood. Recent research showed that larger part original converted into biomass, while remaining modified by extracellular enzymes microbes. At end its life, biomass contributes to molecular imprint SOM as necromass with specific properties. Next appropriate environmental conditions, heterotrophic microorganisms require energy-containing substrates C, H, O, N, S, P, and many other elements for growth, which provided nutrients contained SOM. As easily degradable often scarce resources soil, we can hypothesize microbes optimize their energy use. Presumably, able mobilize building blocks (mono oligomers fatty acids, amino sugars, nucleotides) stoichiometry This contrast mobilizing only consuming new synthesis primary metabolites tricarboxylic acid cycle after complete degradation substrates. Microbial thus an important resource SOM, mining could be life strategy contributing priming effects providing growth cycles. Due needs microorganisms, conclude formation through depends flux. However, details variability use decay cycles yet understood linked fields science. Here, summarize current gain, use, decay, relevant processes, e. g. pump, C storage, stabilization. We highlight factors controlling contribution implications efficiency (CUE) identify process-based modelling understanding these various types under different climates.

Language: Английский

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