Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency and Growth Rates in Soil: Global Patterns and Drivers

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Carbon use efficiency (CUE) of microbial communities in soil quantifies the proportion organic carbon (C) taken up by microorganisms that is allocated to growing biomass as well used for reparation cell components. This C amount subsequently involved turnover, partly leading necromass formation, which can be further stabilized soil. To unravel underlying regulatory factors and spatial patterns CUE on a large scale across biomes (forests, grasslands, croplands), we evaluated 670 individual data obtained three commonly approaches: (i) tracing substrate 13 (or 14 C) incorporation into respired CO 2 (hereafter C‐substrate), (ii) 18 O from water DNA ( O‐water), (iii) stoichiometric modelling based activities enzymes responsible nitrogen (N) cycles. The global mean depends approach: 0.59 C‐substrate approach, 0.34 O‐water approaches. Across biomes, was highest grassland soils, followed cropland forest soils. A power‐law relationship identified between growth rates, indicating faster utilization corresponds reduced losses maintenance associated with mortality. Microbial rate increased content C, total N, phosphorus, fungi/bacteria ratio. Our results contribute understanding linkage rates CUE, thereby offering insights impacts climate change ecosystem disturbances physiology consequences cycling.

Language: Английский

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Long‐term soil warming decreases soil microbial necromass carbon by adversely affecting its production and decomposition

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(6)

Published: June 1, 2024

Abstract Microbial necromass carbon (MNC) accounts for a large fraction of soil organic (SOC) in terrestrial ecosystems. Yet our understanding the fate this pool under long‐term warming is uncertain. Here, we show that 14 years (+4°C) temperate forest resulted reduction MNC by 11% (0–10 cm) and 33% (10–20 cm). Warming caused decrease content due to decline microbial biomass reduced use efficiency. This was primarily warming‐induced limitations available phosphorus, which, turn, constrained production biomass. Conversely, increased activity extracellular enzymes, specifically N ‐acetylglucosaminidase leucine aminopeptidase, which accelerated decomposition MNC. These findings collectively demonstrate decoupling formation underlie observed loss climate warming, could affect SOC ecosystems more widespread.

Language: Английский

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Can heavy metal pollution stress reduce microbial carbon-use efficiencies?

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 195, P. 109458 - 109458

Published: May 6, 2024

The fate of soil organic matter (OM) is determined by its microbial use for growth or respiration. Many environmental factors influence OM use, including the presence contaminants and toxins in environment, such as heavy metals. We evaluated short- long-term responses processes to metal contamination estimating biomass concentrations rates bacteria fungi, respiration, resulting carbon-use efficiencies (CUE), turnover times. sampled O-horizon from a gradient boreal forest soils exposed arising industrial point source since 1930s assess long term effects on microorganisms. To estimate short-term exposure, additions Cu were used. Bacterial respiration decreased response contamination, while fungal unaffected, without changes CUEs. independent total decreased. Thus, times slowed accelerated pollution. was inhibited stimulated experimental additions, with bigger effect sizes contaminated sites. interpreted low but high collected samples indicate that community included large mycorrhizal fraction. Although overall OM-use (i.e., sum bacterial respiration), they also increased CUE. In conclusion, less sensitive than pollution CUE unaffected. Microbial decomposer communities able maintain higher when challenged new additions. Our results imply align their trait compositions challenges, this can mitigate reduction often expected occur stress.

Language: Английский

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Experimental Soil Warming Impacts Soil Moisture and Plant Water Stress and Thereby Ecosystem Carbon Dynamics

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract Experimental soil heating experiments have found a consistent increase in soil‐surface CO 2 emissions ( F s ), but inconsistent organic carbon (SOC) responses. Interpretation of effects is complicated by spatial heterogeneity and moisture, nitrogen availability, microbial plant Here we applied mechanistic ecosystem model to interpret impacts on California forest subjected 1 m deep, 4°C heating. The accurately simulated control‐plot fluxes, SOC stocks, fine root biomass, temperature, the observed increases decreases biomass. We show that complex suite interactions can lead (∼17%) over 5‐year study period, with very small changes stocks (<1%). Modeled leaf water stress from drying reduced GPP NPP. resulting reduction allocation increased litter inputs exudation. Soil led about 50% larger autotrophic respiration than heterotrophic respiration, effect both these fluxes decreasing simulation period. Increased N availability uptake. These responses are mechanistically linked, magnitudes affect dynamics, long‐term observations them rarely made. Therefore, conclude coupled observational modeling framework needed manipulation experiments, improve projections climate change terrestrial dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Temperature and precipitation effects on soil nitrogen availability and cycling in Chinese fir plantations across subtropical China

CATENA, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 251, P. 108830 - 108830

Published: Feb. 16, 2025

Language: Английский

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Effect of field warming on soil microbial carbon use efficiency——A meta-analysis

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 197, P. 109531 - 109531

Published: July 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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Warming exacerbates global inequality in forest carbon and nitrogen cycles

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

Forests are invaluable natural resources that provide essential services to humanity. However, the effects of global warming on forest carbon and nitrogen cycling remain uncertain. Here we project a decrease in total input accumulation by 7 ± 2 28 9 million tonnes (Tg), respectively, an increase reactive losses environment 3 Tg for 2100 due fossil-fueled society. This would compromise sink capacity 0.45 0.14 billion annually. Furthermore, warming-induced inequality cycles could widen economic gap between Global South North. High-income countries estimated gain US$179 benefits from assets under warming, while other regions face net damages US$31 billion. Implementing climate-smart management, such as comprehensive restoration optimizing tree species composition, is imperative future climate change.

Language: Английский

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Soil microbial carbon use efficiency and the constraints

Annals of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 74(1)

Published: Nov. 11, 2024

Abstract Background Microbial contributions to soil organic carbon formation have received increasing attention, and microbial use efficiency is positively correlated with storage. Mainbody This work reviews the impact on from six constraints, including plant community composition diversity, pH, substrate quality, nutrient availability stoichiometric ratios, texture aggregates, water thermal external inputs. In general, response of showed large uncertainty above positive-, negative-, or non-correlation. However, some factors are biased, more likely promote inhibit efficiency. For example, input (N, P, K, Ca) tended efficiency, while climate warming negative influence. Conclusion Further, overwhelming works focused single constraint, we suggest importance consider synergistic influence multiple environmental variables special for regulation mechanism biological-environmental interactions.

Language: Английский

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Carbon and nitrogen addition-derived enzyme activities in topsoil but nitrogen availability in subsoil controls the response of soil organic carbon decomposition to warming

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 949, P. 175261 - 175261

Published: Aug. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Experimental warming affects soil carbon dynamics in boreal and temperate forests: a meta-analysis

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 103002 - 103002

Published: Aug. 30, 2024

Abstract Boreal and temperate forests, spanning cold mid- to high-latitude environments encompassing about 43% of the global forest area, are highly vulnerable warming. Understanding response soil carbon (C) dynamics in these forests warming is paramount importance, yet significant uncertainty remains. In this meta-analysis, data from 97 studies across 65 sites were synthesized investigate effects on C inputs, pools, outputs boreal forests. Our results reveal that increased aboveground biomass (by 33%) litterfall 15%), while decreasing litter mass remaining 7%), with no change observed fine root biomass. Furthermore, led a 9% increase total respiration 15% autotrophic respiration, had discernible impact organic (SOC) content. The methods, magnitude, duration found regulate responses dynamics. Buried heater elicited most pronounced among methods. Additionally, exhibited an acclimation magnitude duration, decomposition rates SOC content microbial decreased escalating magnitude. Moreover, greater occurred than These findings underscore nuanced context-dependent nature experimental warming, providing critical insights for understanding role future climate mitigation strategies.

Language: Английский

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