Trends in Molecular Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
28(4), P. 319 - 330
Published: Feb. 14, 2022
The
impact
of
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
infection
during
pregnancy
on
the
developing
fetal
brain
is
poorly
understood.
Other
antenatal
infections
such
as
influenza
have
been
associated
with
adverse
neurodevelopmental
outcomes
in
offspring.
Although
vertical
transmission
has
rarely
observed
SARS-CoV-2
to
date,
given
potential
for
profound
maternal
immune
activation
(MIA),
likely.
Here
we
review
evidence
that
and
other
viral
can
result
maternal,
placental,
activation,
ultimately
offspring
morbidity.
Finally,
highlight
need
cellular
models
development
better
understand
short-
long-term
impacts
next
generation.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
34(2)
Published: Jan. 12, 2021
To
date,
seven
identified
coronaviruses
(CoVs)
have
been
found
to
infect
humans;
of
these,
three
highly
pathogenic
variants
emerged
in
the
21st
century.
The
newest
member
this
group,
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2),
was
first
detected
at
end
2019
Hubei
province,
China.
Since
then,
novel
has
spread
worldwide,
causing
a
pandemic;
disease
caused
by
virus
is
called
(COVID-19).
clinical
presentation
ranges
from
asymptomatic
mild
tract
infections
and
influenza-like
illness
with
accompanying
lung
injury,
multiorgan
failure,
death.
Although
lungs
are
believed
be
site
which
SARS-CoV-2
replicates,
infected
patients
often
report
other
symptoms,
suggesting
involvement
gastrointestinal
tract,
heart,
cardiovascular
system,
kidneys,
organs;
therefore,
following
question
arises:
COVID-19
or
systemic
disease?
This
review
aims
summarize
existing
data
on
replication
different
tissues
both
ex
vivo
models.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
10(2), P. 386 - 386
Published: Feb. 13, 2021
As
the
SARS-CoV-2
pandemic
continues,
reports
have
demonstrated
neurologic
sequelae
following
COVID-19
recovery.
Mechanisms
to
explain
long-term
neurological
are
unknown
and
need
be
identified.
Plasma
from
24
individuals
recovering
at
1
3
months
after
initial
infection
were
collected
for
cytokine
antibody
levels
neuronal-enriched
extracellular
vesicle
(nEV)
protein
cargo
analyses.
IL-4
was
increased
in
all
participants.
Volunteers
with
self-reported
problems
(nCoV,
n
=
8)
had
a
positive
correlation
of
IL6
age
or
severity
sequalae,
least
one
co-morbidity
compared
those
without
issues
(CoV,
16).
Protein
markers
neuronal
dysfunction
including
amyloid
beta,
neurofilament
light,
neurogranin,
total
tau,
p-T181-tau
significantly
nEVs
participants
historic
controls.
This
study
suggests
ongoing
peripheral
neuroinflammation
that
may
influence
by
altering
nEV
proteins.
Individuals
occult
neural
damage
while
demonstrative
symptoms
additionally
more
severe
infection.
Longitudinal
studies
monitor
plasma
biomarkers
warranted
assess
persistent
neurodegeneration
systemic
effects.
Briefings in Bioinformatics,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(5)
Published: March 14, 2021
Abstract
Venn
diagrams
are
widely
used
tools
for
graphical
depiction
of
the
unions,
intersections
and
distinctions
among
multiple
datasets,
a
large
number
programs
have
been
developed
to
generate
applications
in
various
research
areas.
However,
comprehensive
review
comparing
these
has
not
previously
performed.
In
this
review,
we
collect
diagram
generators
(i.e.
visualizing
relationships
input
lists
within
diagram)
application
analyzing
between
biological
data
them
compare
their
functional
capacity
as
follows:
ability
high-quality
diagrams;
maximum
datasets
handled
by
each
program;
formats;
output
styles
image
formats.
We
also
evaluate
picture
beautification
parameters
terms
layout
briefly
describe
characteristics
most
popular
tools.
Finally,
discuss
challenges
improving
provide
perspective
on
bioinformatics.
Our
aim
is
assist
users
selecting
suitable
user-defined
datasets.
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
45(1), P. 23 - 39
Published: Jan. 5, 2022
Organoids
are
3D
cell
culture
systems
derived
from
human
pluripotent
stem
cells
that
contain
tissue
resident
types
and
reflect
features
of
early
organization.
Neural
organoids
a
particularly
innovative
scientific
advance
given
the
lack
accessibility
developing
brain
intractability
neurological
diseases.
have
become
an
invaluable
approach
to
model
development
not
well
reflected
in
animal
models.
also
hold
promise
for
study
atypical
cellular,
molecular,
genetic
underscore
Additionally,
may
provide
platform
testing
therapeutics
potential
source
replacement
approaches
injury
or
disease.
Despite
promising
organoids,
their
broad
utility
is
tempered
by
variety
limitations
yet
be
overcome,
including
high-fidelity
types,
limited
maturation,
physiology,
arealization,
limit
reliability
certain
applications.
Cell Research,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
32(1), P. 24 - 37
Published: Nov. 26, 2021
Host
cellular
receptors
play
key
roles
in
the
determination
of
virus
tropism
and
pathogenesis.
However,
little
is
known
about
SARS-CoV-2
host
with
exception
ACE2.
Furthermore,
ACE2
alone
cannot
explain
multi-organ
nor
clinical
differences
between
SARS-CoV,
suggesting
involvement
other
receptor(s).
Here,
we
performed
genomic
receptor
profiling
to
screen
5054
human
membrane
proteins
individually
for
interaction
capsid
spike
(S)
protein.
Twelve
proteins,
including
ACE2,
ASGR1,
KREMEN1,
were
identified
diverse
S-binding
affinities
patterns.
ASGR1
or
KREMEN1
sufficient
entry
but
not
SARS-CoV
vitro
vivo.
utilizes
distinct
ACE2/ASGR1/KREMEN1
(ASK)
combinations
enter
different
cell
types,
expression
ASK
together
displays
a
markedly
stronger
correlation
susceptibility
than
that
any
individual
at
both
tissue
levels.
The
cocktail
ASK-related
neutralizing
antibodies
provides
most
substantial
blockage
infection
lung
organoids
when
compared
antibodies.
Our
study
revealed
an
interacting
receptome
SARS-CoV-2,
as
alternative
functional
essential
ACE2-independent
entry,
providing
insight
into
pathogenesis,
well
community
resource
potential
therapeutic
strategies
further
COVID-19
investigations.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
19(1)
Published: Jan. 20, 2022
Abstract
Background
Comprehensive
data
on
the
cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF)
profile
in
patients
with
COVID-19
and
neurological
involvement
from
large-scale
multicenter
studies
are
missing
so
far.
Objective
To
analyze
systematically
CSF
COVID-19.
Methods
Retrospective
analysis
of
150
lumbar
punctures
127
PCR-proven
symptoms
seen
at
17
European
university
centers
Results
The
most
frequent
pathological
finding
was
blood-CSF
barrier
(BCB)
dysfunction
(median
QAlb
11.4
[6.72–50.8]),
which
present
58/116
(50%)
samples
without
pre-/coexisting
CNS
diseases
(group
I).
remained
elevated
>
14d
(47.6%)
even
30d
(55.6%)
after
onset.
total
protein
54/118
(45.8%)
65.35
mg/dl
[45.3–240.4])
strongly
correlated
QAlb.
white
cell
count
(WCC)
increased
14/128
(11%)
(mostly
lympho-monocytic;
median
10
cells/µl,
100
only
4).
An
albuminocytological
dissociation
(ACD)
found
43/115
(37.4%)
samples.
l
-lactate
26/109
(24%;
3.04
mmol/l
[2.2–4]).
CSF-IgG
50/100
(50%),
but
peripheral
origin,
since
QIgG
normal
almost
all
cases,
as
were
QIgA
QIgM.
In
58/103
(56%)
pattern
4
oligoclonal
bands
(OCB)
compatible
systemic
inflammation
present,
while
CSF-restricted
OCB
2/103
(1.9%).
SARS-CoV-2-CSF-PCR
negative
76/76
Routine
findings
35%.
Cytokine
levels
frequently
(often
associated
BCB
dysfunction)
serum,
partly
remaining
positive
high
for
weeks/months
(939
tests).
Of
note,
a
SARS-CoV-2-IgG-antibody
index
(AI)
2/19
(10.5%)
unusually
WCC
both
them
interleukin-6
(IL-6)
one
(not
tested
other).
Anti-neuronal/anti-glial
autoantibodies
mostly
absent
serum
(1509
disorders
II
[
N
=
19];
including
multiple
sclerosis,
JC-virus-associated
immune
reconstitution
inflammatory
syndrome,
HSV/VZV
encephalitis/meningitis,
lymphoma,
anti-Yo
subarachnoid
hemorrhage),
representative
respective
disease.
Conclusions
is
mainly
characterized
by
disruption
absence
intrathecal
inflammation,
endotheliopathy.
Persistent
cytokine
may
contribute
to
acute
‘long
COVID’.
Direct
infection
SARS-CoV-2,
if
occurring
all,
seems
be
rare.
Broad
differential
diagnostic
considerations
recommended
avoid
misinterpretation
treatable
coexisting
complications
