Basic models to advanced systems: harnessing the power of organoids-based microphysiological models of the human brain DOI Creative Commons

Katherine Boylin,

Grace V. Aquino,

Michael Purdon

et al.

Biofabrication, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 032007 - 032007

Published: May 15, 2024

Abstract Understanding the complexities of human brain’s function in health and disease is a formidable challenge neuroscience. While traditional models like animals offer valuable insights, they often fall short accurately mirroring biology drug responses. Moreover, recent legislation has underscored need for more predictive that represent physiology. To address this requirement, human-derived cell cultures have emerged as crucial alternative biomedical research. However, static culture lack dynamic tissue microenvironment governs function. Advanced vitro systems, such organoids microphysiological systems (MPSs), bridge gap by offering accurate representations biology. Organoids, which are three-dimensional miniaturized organ-like structures derived from stem cells, exhibit physiological responses akin to native tissues, but essential tissue-specific components functional vascular immune cells. Recent endeavors focused on incorporating endothelial cells into enhance vascularization, maturation, modeling. MPS, including organ-on-chip technologies, integrate diverse types vascularization under conditions, revolutionizing brain research bridging between vivo models. In review, we delve evolution with particular focus highlighting significance enhancing viability, functionality, modeling potential organoids. By examining interplay vasculature neuronal within organoids, can uncover novel therapeutic targets gain insights mechanisms, promise significant advancements neuroscience improved patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

Articular cartilage repair biomaterials: strategies and applications DOI Creative Commons
Mingkai Wang, Yan Wu, Guangfeng Li

et al.

Materials Today Bio, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24, P. 100948 - 100948

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Articular cartilage injury is a frequent worldwide disease, while effective treatment urgently needed. Due to lack of blood vessels and nerves, the ability self-repair limited. Despite availability various clinical treatments, unfavorable prognoses complications remain prevalent. However, advent tissue engineering regenerative medicine has generated considerable interests in using biomaterials for articular repair. Nevertheless, there remains notable scarcity comprehensive reviews that provide an in-depth exploration strategies applications. Herein, we present overview primary bioactive substances from perspective repair cartilage. The include regeneration, substitution, immunization. We comprehensively delineate influence mechanically supportive scaffolds on cellular behavior, shedding light emerging scaffold technologies, including stimuli-responsive smart scaffolds, 3D-printed bionic scaffolds. Biologically active substances, factors, stem cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs), organoids, are elucidated their roles regulating activity chondrocytes. Furthermore, composite produced industrially put into use, also explicitly presented. This review offers innovative solutions treating ailments emphasizes potential translation.

Language: Английский

Citations

64
Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures: The Bridge between In Vitro and In Vivo Models DOI Open Access
Ornella Urzì, Roberta Gasparro, Elisa Costanzo

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(15), P. 12046 - 12046

Published: July 27, 2023

Although historically, the traditional bidimensional in vitro cell system has been widely used research, providing much fundamental information regarding cellular functions and signaling pathways as well nuclear activities, simplicity of this does not fully reflect heterogeneity complexity vivo systems. From arises need to use animals for experimental research testing. Nevertheless, animal experimentation presents various aspects complexity, such ethical issues, which led Russell Burch 1959 formulate 3R (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) principle, underlying urgent introduce non-animal-based methods research. Considering this, three-dimensional (3D) models emerged scientific community a bridge between models, allowing achievement differentiation while avoiding The purpose review is provide general overview most common establish 3D culture discuss their promising applications. Three-dimensional cultures have employed study both organ physiology diseases; moreover, they represent valuable tool studying many cancer. Finally, possibility using drug screening regenerative medicine paves way development new therapeutic opportunities diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

61
The Promise and Potential of Brain Organoids DOI Creative Commons
Lena Smirnova, Thomas Härtung

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(21)

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Brain organoids are 3D in vitro culture systems derived from human pluripotent stem cells that self-organize to model features of the (developing) brain. This review examines techniques behind organoid generation, their current and potential applications, future directions for field. possess complex architecture containing various neural cell types, synapses, myelination. They have been utilized toxicology testing, disease modeling, infection studies, personalized medicine, gene-environment interaction studies. An emerging concept termed Organoid Intelligence (OI) combines with artificial intelligence generate learning memory, goals modeling cognition enabling biological computing applications. allow neuroscience studies not previously achievable traditional techniques, transform drug development, understanding brain development disorders. The aspirational vision OI parallels origins intelligence, efforts underway map a roadmap toward its realization. In summary, constitute disruptive technology is rapidly advancing gaining traction across multiple disciplines.

Language: Английский

Citations

25
Patient-derived organoids in human cancer: a platform for fundamental research and precision medicine DOI Creative Commons
Shanqiang Qu, Rongyang Xu,

Guozhong Yi

et al.

Molecular Biomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Abstract Cancer is associated with a high degree of heterogeneity, encompassing both inter- and intra-tumor along considerable variability in clinical response to common treatments across patients. Conventional models for tumor research, such as vitro cell cultures vivo animal models, demonstrate significant limitations that fall short satisfying the research requisites. Patient-derived organoids, which recapitulate structures, specific functions, molecular characteristics, genomics alterations expression profiles primary tumors. They have been efficaciously implemented illness portrayal, mechanism exploration, high-throughput drug screening assessment, discovery innovative therapeutic targets potential compounds, customized treatment regimen cancer In contrast conventional organoids offer an intuitive, dependable, efficient model by conserving phenotypic, genetic diversity, mutational attributes originating tumor. Nevertheless, organoid technology also confronts bottlenecks challenges, how comprehensively reflect microenvironment, angiogenesis, reduce costs, establish standardized construction processes while retaining reliability. This review extensively examines use techniques fundamental precision medicine. It emphasizes importance patient-derived biobanks development, screening, safety evaluation, personalized Additionally, it evaluates application experimental better understand mechanisms The intent this explicate significance present new avenues future research.

Language: Английский

Citations

20
Replacing Animal Testing with Stem Cell-Organoids : Advantages and Limitations DOI Creative Commons

G Park,

Yeri Alice Rim,

Yeowon Sohn

et al.

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. 1375 - 1386

Published: April 19, 2024

Various groups including animal protection organizations, medical research centers, and even federal agencies such as the U.S. Food Drug Administration, are working to minimize use in scientific experiments. This movement primarily stems from welfare ethical concerns. However, recent advances technology new studies medicine have contributed an increase experiments throughout years. With rapid testing, concerns arise issues, high cost, complex procedures, potential inaccuracies.Alternative solutions recently been investigated address problems of testing. Some these technologies related stem cell technologies, organ-on-a-chip, organoids, induced pluripotent models. The aim review is focus on methodologies, that can serve alternative testing discuss its advantages limitations, alongside regulatory considerations.Although methodologies has shortcomings, it replace Achieving this requires further cells, with societal technological benefits.

Language: Английский

Citations

19
Detection and quantification of various microplastics in human endometrium based on laser direct infrared spectroscopy DOI Creative Commons
Jiani Sun,

Mengsong Sui,

Tao Wang

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 906, P. 167760 - 167760

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

The pollution of microplastics (MPs) has received widespread attention with the increasing usage plastics in recent years. MPs could enter human body and exist circulatory system. Endometrium, rich blood vessels, acts as an essential role health female fertility. However, there is no study reporting exposure endometrium. We collected endometrium samples to detect presence qualitatively quantitatively via laser direct infrared. found that was a total 13 types existing samples, among which 6 special were both high abundance detection rate. these ranged from 0 117 particles/100 mg, median 21 mg. Most detected MPs, accounting for 88.35 %, small size (20-100 μm). Among small-size ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer ranked first while polyethylene accounted largest proportion large-size (100-500 Correlation analysis indicated significant relationship between age MP or BMI abundance. also designed questionnaire investigate lifestyle daily habits, aiming at revealing potential living habits. discovered some drinking habits chewing gum significantly correlated higher level exposure. For time, we identified clarified connections lifestyle. Further studies are still necessary explore more underlying information.

Language: Английский

Citations

44
Imagining the future of optical microscopy: everything, everywhere, all at once DOI Creative Commons
Harikrushnan Balasubramanian, Chad M. Hobson, Teng‐Leong Chew

et al.

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Oct. 28, 2023

The optical microscope has revolutionized biology since at least the 17

Language: Английский

Citations

37
Application of Human Brain Organoids—Opportunities and Challenges in Modeling Human Brain Development and Neurodevelopmental Diseases DOI Open Access
S.Y. Kim, Mi‐Yoon Chang

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(15), P. 12528 - 12528

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Brain organoids are three-dimensional (3D) structures derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that reflect early brain organization. These contain different cell types, including neurons and glia, similar to those found in the brain. Human provide unique opportunities model features of development not well-reflected animal models. Compared with traditional cultures models, offer a more accurate representation function, rendering them suitable models for neurodevelopmental diseases. In particular, patients’ have enabled researchers study diseases at stages gain better understanding disease mechanisms. Multi-brain regional assembloids allow investigation interactions between distinct regions while achieving higher level consistency molecular functional characterization. Although possess promising features, their usefulness is limited by several unresolved constraints, cellular stress, hypoxia, necrosis, lack high-fidelity maturation, circuit formation. this review, we discuss studies overcome natural limitations organoids, emphasizing importance combinations all neural such as glia (astrocyte, oligodendrocytes, microglia) vascular cells. Additionally, considering similarity developing brain, regionally patterned organoid-derived (NSCs) could serve scalable source replacement therapy. We highlight potential application therapy within field.

Language: Английский

Citations

30
Cerebral Organoid Research Ethics and Pinning the Tail on the Donkey DOI Creative Commons
Alex McKeown

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(4), P. 542 - 554

Published: May 10, 2023

The risk of creating cerebral organoids/assembloids conscious enough to suffer is a recurrent concern in organoid research ethics. On one hand, we should, apparently, avoid discovering how distinguish between organoids that it would be permissible (non-conscious) and impermissible (conscious) use research, since if successful create suffer. the other, do not, persists might inadvertently continue cause Moreover, modeling some brain disorders may require inducing stress organoids, unclear eliminate risk, want develop effective therapies. We are committed harm avoidance but hamstrung by presumption should tell us clearly when suffering occurs. How can negotiate this challenge maximize therapeutic benefits research? author interrogates challenge, suggesting tentative way forward.

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Vascularized human brain organoid on-chip DOI Creative Commons
Sin Yen Tan, Xiaohan Feng,

Lily K. Cheng

et al.

Lab on a Chip, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(12), P. 2693 - 2709

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

We review the existing in vitro human brain models and elaborate on various strategies that enable curation of a vascularized organoid using microfluidic devices.

Language: Английский

Citations

26