Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: April 24, 2025
This
study
investigates
the
protective
effects
of
Allicin
(A),
a
bioactive
compound
from
garlic,
and
Hesperidin
(HSD),
citrus
flavonoid,
against
reproductive
damage
induced
by
para-nonylphenol
(p-NP),
an
environmental
pollutant,
in
mice.
Fifty
8-
to
10-week-old
NMRI
mice
were
divided
into
five
groups:
control
group,
group
exposed
p-NP,
three
groups
treated
with
p-NP
plus
either
Allicin,
Hesperidin,
or
both.
Treatments
lasted
for
35
days.
Researchers
analyzed
sperm
count,
viability,
motility,
DNA
damage,
morphology,
alongside
testicular
parenchyma
markers
like
antioxidant
capacity
(TAC),
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD),
glutathione
peroxidase
(GPx),
malondialdehyde
(MDA)
levels.
Hormone
levels
(testosterone,
LH,
FSH),
histopathology,
apoptosis-related
gene
expression,
fertility
indices
also
evaluated.
Results
showed
that
both
had
reduced
abnormal
morphology
improvements
membrane
integrity
compared
group.
Antioxidant
enzyme
activities
(TAC,
SOD,
GPx)
hormone
increased,
while
MDA
decreased,
indicating
oxidative
stress.
Furthermore,
expression
pro-apoptotic
genes
Bax
caspase-3
declined,
anti-apoptotic
Bcl-2
rose.
Treated
demonstrated
higher
These
findings
suggest
mitigate
p-NP-induced
enhancing
defenses
regulating
cell
death
pathways.
Toxicology and Industrial Health,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
33(7), P. 601 - 609
Published: May 3, 2017
Endocrine-disrupting
chemicals
(EDCs)
are
exogenous
compounds
that
can
cause
disturbances
in
the
endocrine
system
and
have
multiple
harmful
effects
on
health
by
targeting
different
organs
systems
human
body.
Mass
industrial
production
widespread
use
of
EDCs
resulted
worldwide
contamination.
Accumulating
evidence
suggest
exposure
to
is
related
impairment
male
reproductive
function
interrupt
other
hormonally
regulated
metabolic
processes,
particularly
if
occurs
during
early
development.
Investigation
studies
absent
previous
reviews
meta-analysis
adverse
functioning
core
this
work.
Four
main
modes
action
fertility
been
summarized
review.
First,
describing
estrogen-
pathway
disturbing
investigated.
Second,
androgen-signaling
alterations
influence
androgen
sensitive
tissues
examined.
Third,
evaluation
steroidogenesis
dysfunction
discussed
focusing
steroid
hormone
biosynthesis
pathway,
which
targeted
EDCs.
Last,
reportedly
destructive
role
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
sperm
discussed.
Spermatogenesis
a
remarkably
complex
process,
hence
point
out
various
dysfunctions
depending
development
state
at
occurred.
Collected
data
show
need
account
for
critical
windows
such
as
fetal,
perinatal
pubertal
periods
well
mixtures
several
future
research.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
27(32), P. 39958 - 39976
Published: Aug. 15, 2020
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting
chemicals
(EDC)
are
a
wide
group
of
that
interfere
with
the
endocrine
system.
Their
similarity
to
natural
steroid
hormones
makes
them
able
attach
hormone
receptors,
thereby
causing
unfavorable
health
effects.
Among
EDC,
bisphenol
A
(BPA),
S
(BPS),
and
nonylphenol
(NP)
seem
be
particularly
harmful.
As
industry
is
experiencing
rapid
expansion,
BPA,
BPS,
NP
being
produced
in
growing
amounts,
generating
considerable
environmental
pollution.
White
rot
fungi
(WRF)
an
economical,
ecologically
friendly,
socially
acceptable
way
remove
EDC
contamination
from
ecosystems.
WRF
secrete
extracellular
ligninolytic
enzymes
such
as
laccase,
manganese
peroxidase,
lignin
versatile
involved
deterioration.
Owing
broad
substrate
specificity
these
enzymes,
they
numerous
xenobiotics,
including
EDC.
Therefore,
promising
tool
abovementioned
elimination
during
wastewater
treatment
processes.
Here,
we
review
application
for
this
removal
indicate
several
strengths
limitations
methods.
Critical Reviews in Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
49(5), P. 371 - 386
Published: May 28, 2019
Bisphenol
A
(BPA)
is
an
environmental
endocrine
disrupting
chemical
widely
used
in
the
production
of
consumer
products,
such
as
polycarbonate
plastics,
epoxies,
and
thermal
receipt
paper.
Human
exposure
to
BPA
ubiquitous
due
its
high-volume
use.
has
been
associated
with
obesity,
diabetes,
reproductive
disorders,
cancer.
Yet,
molecular
mechanisms
or
modes
action
underlying
these
disease
outcomes
are
poorly
understood
pleiotropic
effects
induced
by
BPA.
further
confounding
factor
understanding
BPA's
impact
on
human
health
that
co-exposure
endogenous
exogenous
agents
occurs
during
course
daily
life.
Studies
investigating
their
relationship
adverse
often
ignore
interactions
between
other
chemicals
present
environment.
This
review
examines
studies
highlight
potentially
unexplored
possible
associations
attributed
Importantly,
both
beneficial
observed
natural
stressors
vitro
vivo
models.
These
clearly
influence
cellular
responses
endpoint
measures
need
be
considered
when
evaluating
exposures
effects.
