Assessing Different Histological Preparations for Reconstruction of Astrocyte Tridimensional Structure DOI Creative Commons
Sara Barsanti, João Filipe Viana, Alexandra Veiga

et al.

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 969 - 969

Published: June 3, 2024

Astrocytes are ubiquitous in the brain and spinal cord display a complex morphology important for local interactions with neighboring cells, resulting modulation of circuit function. Thus, studies focusing on astrocyte physiology healthy diseased generally present analyses astrocytic structure. The labeling method used to visualize structure defines morphological level observe may vary depending anatomical sub-regions. choice significantly affect our understanding their structural diversity. main goal this work was identify straightforward efficient protocol reconstructing detailed apply validate different tissue preparations across laboratories. For that, we explored processing protocols before GFAP determine most effective backbones mouse hippocampus. Our results show that reconstruction vibratome sections labeled by free-floating immunofluorescence provides more practical achieve higher detail arbor complexity backbone reconstruction. Free-floating is reliable obtaining better antibody penetration Finally, also introducing an antigen retrieval step appears useful visualizing complete details.

Language: Английский

Norepinephrine Signals Through Astrocytes To Modulate Synapses DOI Creative Commons

Katheryn B. Lefton,

Yifan Wu, Allen Yen

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 22, 2024

Abstract Locus coeruleus (LC)-derived norepinephrine (NE) drives network and behavioral adaptations to environmental saliencies by reconfiguring circuit connectivity, but the underlying synapse-level mechanisms are elusive. Here, we show that NE remodeling of synaptic function is independent from its binding on neuronal receptors. Instead, astrocytic adrenergic receptors Ca 2+ dynamics fully gate effect synapses as astrocyte-specific deletion three astrocyte-silencing approaches all render insensitive NE. Additionally, find suppression strength results an ATP-derived adenosine A1 receptor-mediated control presynaptic efficacy. An accompanying study Chen et al. reveals existence analogous pathway in larval zebrafish highlights importance state transitions. Together, these findings fuel a new model wherein astrocytes core component neuromodulatory systems effector through which produces adaptations, challenging 80-year-old status quo.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Astrocyte Gi-GPCR signaling corrects compulsive-like grooming and anxiety-related behaviors in Sapap3 knockout mice DOI Creative Commons
Joselyn S. Soto, Chiranjivi Neupane,

Muskan Kaur

et al.

Neuron, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(20), P. 3412 - 3423.e6

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

Astrocytes are morphologically complex cells that serve essential roles. They widely implicated in central nervous system (CNS) disorders, with changes astrocyte morphology and gene expression accompanying disease. In the Sapap3 knockout (KO) mouse model of compulsive anxiety-related behaviors related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), striatal astrocytes display reduced altered actin cytoskeleton Gi-G-protein-coupled receptor (Gi-GPCR) signaling proteins. Here, we show normalizing morphology, cytoskeleton, homeostatic support functions by targeting Gi-GPCR pathway using chemogenetics corrected phenotypes KO mice, including behaviors. Our data portend an astrocytic pharmacological strategy for rescuing brain disorders include compromised tissue support.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Astrocyte-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Neurological Conditions DOI Creative Commons
Yanxiang Zhao, Yingying Huang,

Ying Cao

et al.

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 1204 - 1204

Published: Sept. 25, 2024

Astrocytes are one of the key glial types central nervous system (CNS), accounting for over 20% total cells in brain. Extensive evidence has established their indispensable functions maintenance CNS homeostasis, as well broad involvement neurological conditions. In particular, astrocytes can participate various neuroinflammatory processes, e.g., releasing a repertoire cytokines and chemokines or specific neurotrophic factors, which result both beneficial detrimental effects. It become increasingly clear that such astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation, together with its complex crosstalk other immune cells, designates neuronal survival functional integrity neurocircuits, thus critically contributing to disease onset progression. this review, we focus on current knowledge responses astrocytes, summarizing common features Moreover, highlight several vital questions future research promise novel insights into diagnostic therapeutic strategies against those debilitating diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Ultrastructural differences impact cilia shape and external exposure across cell classes in the visual cortex DOI Creative Commons
Carolyn Ott, Russel Torres, T. S. Kuan

et al.

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(11), P. 2418 - 2433.e4

Published: May 14, 2024

A primary cilium is a membrane-bound extension from the cell surface that contains receptors for perceiving and transmitting signals modulate state activity. Primary cilia in brain are less accessible than on cultured cells or epithelial tissues because they protrude into deep, dense network of glial neuronal processes. Here, we investigated frequency, internal structure, shape, position large, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy volumes mouse visual cortex. Cilia extended bodies nearly all excitatory inhibitory neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor (OPCs) but were absent oligodendrocytes microglia. Ultrastructural comparisons revealed base microtubule organization differed between neurons glia. Investigating cilia-proximal features many directly adjacent to synapses, suggesting poised encounter locally released signaling molecules. Our analysis indicated synapse proximity likely due random encounters neuropil, with no evidence activity as would be expected tetrapartite synapses. The observed class differences synapses largely external length. Many key structural influenced both placement shape and, thus, exposure processes outside cilium. Together, ultrastructure within around suggest formation function across types brain.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Multifarious astrocyte–neuron dialog in shaping neural circuit architecture DOI
Khai Huynh Ngoc,

Younghyeon Jeon,

Jaewon Ko

et al.

Trends in Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Improved transfection methods of primary cultured astrocytes for observation of cytoskeletal structures DOI Creative Commons

Chieko Ikoma,

Kazuhide Inoue, Kiyoto Kasai

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Abstract Astrocytes are the predominant type of glia in central nervous system and have long branched stem processes peripheral astrocyte (PAPs) contacting neurons other glial cells. In many cell types, morphology motility depend on actin cytoskeleton. However, a common culture method serum-containing medium generated undesired fibroblast-like cells; thus, roles cytoskeletal proteins not been well studied. Previously, we reported chicken astrocytes forming structures similar to PAPs. current study, improved transfection methods retaining at low density, suitable for observing behavior proteins. Immunostaining live imaging plasma membrane-actin linking protein ezrin (a PAP marker) another actin-binding lasp-2 (highly expressed cultured astrocytes) demonstrated that our had microvillus protrusions, filopodia, lamellipodia, focal adhesion-like elliptical structures, two accumulated different substructures. Our developed offer significant advantages analyzing how form PAPs access target

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Ultrastructure of astrocytes using volume electron microscopy: A scoping review DOI Creative Commons

Vanessa Chiappini,

María Fernanda Veloz Castillo,

Francesco Biancardi

et al.

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

Abstract The morphological features of astrocytes are crucial for brain homeostasis, synaptic activity and structural support, yet remain poorly quantified. As a result the nanometre‐sized cross‐section neuropil astrocytic processes, electron microscopy (EM) is only technique availabe to date capable revealing their finest morphologies. Volume EM (vEM) techniques, such as serial block‐face or focused ion beam scanning EM, enable high‐resolution imaging large fields allow more extensive 3‐D model analyses, new features. This scoping review aims summarize state art astrocyte ultrastructural analysis. included 45 439 non‐duplicated articles from Pubmed search, categorizing studies by research focus, animal models, region, vEM techniques segmentation methods. By answering classical questions volume, surface area, branching complexity ensheathment reported in literature, this work valuable resource scientists working on biology computational neuroscience. image

Language: Английский

Citations

0
An Astrocyte Transplantation Method to Investigate Astrocyte Development and Diversity in the Central Nervous System (CNS) DOI

Sabrina Chierzi,

Keith K. Murai

Methods in molecular biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 81 - 94

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Astrocytic CREB: The Hidden Driver of Stress Susceptibility DOI

Mathias Guayasamin,

Ciaran Murphy‐Royal

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 97(9), P. 844 - 846

Published: April 9, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Methamphetamine and the Synthetic Cathinone 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) Produce Persistent Effects on Prefrontal and Striatal Microglial Morphology and Neuroimmune Signaling Following Repeated Binge-like Intake in Male and Female Rats DOI Creative Commons

Erin K. Nagy,

Paula F. Overby, Jonna M. Leyrer‐Jackson

et al.

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 435 - 435

Published: April 27, 2024

Psychostimulants alter cellular morphology and activate neuroimmune signaling in a number of brain regions, yet few prior studies have investigated their persistence beyond acute abstinence or following high levels voluntary drug intake. In this study, we examined the effects repeated binge-like self-administration (96 h/week for 3 weeks) methamphetamine (METH) 21 days female male rats on changes cell density, morphology, cytokine two addiction-related regions—the prefrontal cortex (PFC) dorsal striatum (DStr). We also similar patterns intake cocaine-like synthetic cathinone derivative 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) saline as control. Robust METH MDPV (~500–1000 infusions per 96 h period) were observed both sexes. no astrocyte neuron density either region, but decreases dendritic spine densities PFC pyramidal DStr medium spiny neurons. The microglial was decreased self-administering animals, accompanied by evidence apoptosis. Changes (e.g., territorial volume ramification increased soma volume) observed, indicative an inflammatory-like state. Multiplex analyses content revealed elevated various interleukins chemokines only with region- sex-dependent effects. Our findings suggest that induces perturbations brain, they are divergent responses persist initial phase.

Language: Английский

Citations

4