COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia: a review DOI Creative Commons
Siti Nur Atikah Aishah Suhaimi, Izzati Abdul Halim Zaki, Zakiah Mohd Noordin

et al.

Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 265 - 265

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Rare but serious thrombotic incidents in relation to thrombocytopenia, termed vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia (VITT), have been observed since the vaccine rollout, particularly among replication-defective adenoviral vector-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 recipients. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed and summarized reported studies of VITT following disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination determine its prevalence, clinical characteristics, as well management. A literature search up October 1, 2021 using PubMed SCOPUS identified a combined total 720 articles. Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses) guideline, after screening titles abstracts based on eligibility criteria, remaining 47 full-text articles were assessed 29 included. Findings revealed that cases are strongly related viral vaccines, which AstraZeneca COVID-19 (95%) Janssen (4%), with much rarer reports involving messenger RNA-based vaccines such Moderna (0.2%) Pfizer (0.2%). The most manifestation is cerebral venous sinus thrombosis 317 (70.4%) earliest primary symptom majority headache. Intravenous immunoglobulin non-heparin anticoagulant main therapeutic options managing responses thrombosis, respectively. As there emerging knowledge refinement published guidelines regarding VITT, this review may assist medical communities early recognition, understanding presentations, diagnostic criteria management, offering window opportunity patients. Further larger sample size trials could further elucidate link safety profile.

Language: Английский

Inflammation and Platelet Activation After COVID-19 Vaccines - Possible Mechanisms Behind Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis DOI Creative Commons
Sisse Rye Ostrowski, Ole S. Søgaard, Martin Tolstrup

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Nov. 23, 2021

Introduction of vaccines against COVID-19 has provided the most promising chance to control world-wide pandemic. However, adenovirus-vector based Oxford/AstraZeneca [ChAdOx1] (AZ) and Johnson & [Ad26.CoV2.S] have been linked with serious thromboembolic events combined thrombocytopenia, denominated Vaccine-induced Immune Thrombocytopenia Thrombosis (VITT). The pathogenesis VITT remain incompletely understood; especially initial that trigger platelet activation, factor (PF)4 release, complex formation PF4 antibody production are puzzling. This is a prospective study investigating impact different on inflammation (CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), vascular endothelial activation (syndecan-1, thrombomodulin, E-selectin, ICAM-1, ICAM-3, VCAM-1), (P-selectin, TGF-β, sCD40L) aggregation (Multiplate ® impedance aggregometry), whole blood coagulation (ROTEM ), thrombin generation antibodies reveal potential differences between AZ mRNA in individuals without VITT. included 80 (55 55 mRNA) vaccinated non-vaccinated age- gender matched healthy controls. main findings where both enhanced though vaccination induced more pronounced increase several inflammatory markers compared post-vaccination was higher following vaccination. No difference neither level nor proportion positive were observed vaccine groups. first report inflammation, head-to-head comparison. We speculate specific components adenovirus vector may serve as trigger(s) (hyper)inflammation, generation, potentially lowering threshold for cascade complications related excessive epidemiological studies promote development when high-titer functionally active antibodies.

Language: Английский

Citations

82
Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 and after COVID-19 vaccination DOI Open Access
Toshiaki Iba, Jerrold H. Levy

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(5), P. 249 - 256

Published: Feb. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

63
Immune Response and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Adverse Effects of Spike Proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and mRNA Vaccines DOI Creative Commons
Paolo Bellavite, Alessandra Ferraresi, Ciro Isidoro

et al.

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 451 - 451

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 disease) uses Spike proteins of its envelope infecting target cells expressing on membrane angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) that acts as a receptor. To control pandemic, genetically engineered vaccines have been designed inducing neutralizing antibodies against proteins. These do not act like traditional protein-based vaccines, they deliver message in form mRNA or DNA to host then produce and expose protein (from which it can be shed soluble form) alert immune system. Mass vaccination has brought light various adverse effects associated with these based mainly affecting circulatory cardiovascular ACE2 is present membrane-bound several cell types, including mucosa upper gastrointestinal tracts, endothelium, platelets, plasma. converts vasoconstrictor II into peptides vasodilator properties. Here we review pathways immunization molecular mechanisms through protein, either from encoded by mRNA-based interferes Renin-Angiotensin-System governed ACE2, thus altering homeostasis circulation Understanding interactions consequent impact system will direct diagnosis therapy vaccine-related provide information development personalized considers pathophysiological conditions predisposing such events.

Language: Английский

Citations

30
Platelet Activation and Thrombosis in COVID-19 DOI Open Access
Toshiaki Iba, Hideo Wada, Jerrold H. Levy

et al.

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49(01), P. 055 - 061

Published: June 23, 2022

Although thrombosis frequently occurs in infectious diseases, the coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 has unique characteristics. Compared bacterial sepsis, COVID-19-associated presents minimal changes platelet counts, normal prothrombin times, and increased D-dimer fibrinogen levels. These differences can be explained by distinct pathophysiology of thromboinflammatory responses. In sepsis-induced coagulopathy, leukocytes are primarily responsible for expressing tissue factor, releasing neutrophil extracellular traps, multiple procoagulant substances, systemic endothelial injury that is often vasoplegia shock. activation a major driver inflammation/thrombogenesis von Willebrand factor 4 deeply involved pathogenesis. initial responses localized to lung, they spread systemically if disease severe. Since platelets play roles, arterial not uncommon COVID-19. Despite activation, count usually at presentation, but sensitive biomarkers including activity, soluble P-selectin, C-type lectin-like receptor-2 elevated, increase as progresses. role antiplatelet therapy still unproven, current studies ongoing determine its potential effects.

Language: Английский

Citations

31
COVID-19, Vaccines, and Thrombotic Events: A Narrative Review DOI Open Access
Maurizio Giuseppe Abrignani, Adriano Murrone, Leonardo De Luca

et al.

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 948 - 948

Published: Feb. 11, 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a deadly pandemic that has affected millions of people worldwide, is associated with cardiovascular complications, including venous and arterial thromboembolic events. Viral spike proteins, in fact, may promote the release prothrombotic inflammatory mediators. Vaccines, coding for protein, are primary means preventing COVID-19. However, some unexpected thrombotic events at unusual sites, most frequently located cerebral sinus but also splanchnic, thrombocytopenia, have emerged subjects who received adenovirus-based vaccines, especially fertile women. This clinical entity was soon recognized as new syndrome, named vaccine-induced immune probably caused by cross-reacting anti-platelet factor-4 antibodies activating platelets. For this reason, regulatory agencies various countries restricted use vaccines to age groups. prevailing opinion experts, however, risk developing COVID-19, clearly outweighs potential risk. point-of-view aims providing narrative review epidemiological issues, data, pathogenetic hypotheses thrombosis linked both COVID-19 its helping medical practitioners offer up-to-date evidence-based counseling their often-alarmed patients acute or chronic

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Immune-Mediated Platelet Activation in COVID-19 and Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia DOI Creative Commons
Günalp Uzun, Lisann Pelzl, Anurag Singh

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 22, 2022

Both qualitative and quantitative platelet abnormalities are common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) they correlate clinical severity mortality. Activated platelets contribute to the prothrombotic state COVID-19 patients. Several groups have shown immune-mediated activation of critically ill Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia is an autoimmune condition characterized by life-threatening events arterial venous circulation. Although initial trigger has yet be determined, complexes through Fc gamma RIIA results consumption thrombosis. A better understanding as well vaccine-induced complications will therapeutic implications. In this review, we focused on role during infection thrombocytopenia.

Language: Английский

Citations

24
Review of therapeutic mechanisms and applications based on SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies DOI Creative Commons
Mingtao Liu, Hui Gan,

Zhiman Liang

et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 16, 2023

COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health emergency. Despite extensive research, there are still few effective treatment options available today. Neutralizing-antibody-based treatments offer broad range of applications, including the prevention and acute infectious diseases. Hundreds SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody studies currently underway around world, with some already in clinical applications. The development opens up new therapeutic option for COVID-19. We intend to review our current knowledge about antibodies targeting various regions (i.e., RBD regions, non-RBD host cell targets, cross-neutralizing antibodies), as well scientific evidence neutralizing-antibody-based based on convalescent plasma therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant drugs. functional evaluation vitro or vivo assays) also discussed. Finally, issues field therapies highlighted.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
COVID-19 and acute limb ischemia: latest hypotheses of pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms DOI
Chengjun Yao, Yanzhao Dong, Haiying Zhou

et al.

Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
External Validation of the IMPROVE Risk Score for Predicting Bleeding in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients DOI

Yuzhi Tao,

Feiya Xu, Jing Han

et al.

Journal of General Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Analyzing the Systems Biology Effects of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines to Assess Their Safety and Putative Side Effects DOI Creative Commons
Rima Hajjo, Dima A. Sabbah, Alexander Tropsha

et al.

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 743 - 743

Published: June 29, 2022

COVID-19 vaccines have been instrumental tools in reducing the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infections around world by preventing 80% to 90% hospitalizations and deaths from reinfection, addition 40% 65% symptomatic illnesses. However, simultaneous large-scale vaccination global population will indubitably unveil heterogeneity immune responses as well propensity developing post-vaccine adverse events, especially vulnerable individuals. Herein, we applied a systems biology workflow, integrating vaccine transcriptional signatures with chemogenomics, study pharmacological effects mRNA vaccines. First, derived predicted their biological using pathway enrichment network approaches. Second, queried Connectivity Map (CMap) prioritize events hypotheses. Finally, accepted higher-confidence hypotheses that independent Our results reveal mRNA-based BNT162b2 affects response pathways related interferon cytokine signaling, which should lead success, but may also result some events. emphasize on calcium homeostasis, could be contributing frequently encountered Notably, cardiac side were signaled CMap query results. In summary, our approach has identified mechanisms underlying both expected protective possible effects. illustrates power approaches improving understanding comprehensive against COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Citations

17