Relationship between Oxidative Stress, ER Stress, and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes: The Battle Continues

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(9), P. 1385 - 1385

Published: Sept. 4, 2019

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in which oxidative stress thought to be primary cause. Considering that mitochondria are the main source of ROS, we have set out provide general overview on how generated related T2D. Enhanced generation reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs as consequence an overload glucose phosphorylation. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays important role stress, it also ROS. The tight interconnection between both organelles through mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) means ROS promote ER stress. Therefore, state mitochondrial dysfunction consequences this vicious cycle. implication release exposure pancreatic β-cells make them especially susceptible dysfunction. In fact, crosstalk mechanisms with alterations homeostasis can lead diabetes-associated insulin-resistance status. present review, discuss current knowledge relationship mitochondria, inflammation, lipotoxicity

Language: Английский

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Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Implications for Prevention and Therapy

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 174 - 174

Published: Jan. 26, 2021

Oxidative stress (OxS) is considered a major factor in the pathophysiology of inflammatory chronic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic disease (NAFLD). Chronic impairment lipid metabolism closely related to alterations oxidant/antioxidant balance, which affect metabolism-related organelles, leading cellular lipotoxicity, peroxidation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Increased OxS also triggers hepatocytes pathways, inflammation fibrogenesis, contributing progression steatohepatitis (NASH). The antioxidant response, regulated by Nrf2/ARE pathway, key component this process counteracts oxidative stress-induced damage, restoration normal metabolism. Therefore, modulation response emerges as an interesting target prevent NAFLD development progression. This review highlights link between disturbed context NAFLD. In addition, emerging potential therapies based on effects their likely molecular targets are discussed.

Language: Английский

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Fatty Acid-Induced Lipotoxicity in Pancreatic Beta-Cells During Development of Type 2 Diabetes

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: July 16, 2018

Type 2 diabetes is caused by chronic insulin resistance and progressive decline in beta-cell function. Optimal function mass essential for glucose homeostasis impairment leads to the development of diabetes. Elevated levels circulating fatty acids (FAs) disturbances lipid metabolism regulation are associated with obesity, they major factors influencing increase incidence type Chronic free FA (FFA) treatment induces dysfunction; therefore, reduction elevated plasma FFA might be an important therapeutic target obesity Lipid signals via receptors, intracellular mechanisms involved FFA-induced apoptosis. In this paper, we discuss actions beta cells, including effects on metabolic pathways stress responses, help further understand molecular lipotoxicity-induced

Language: Английский

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Metabolism

Essays in Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 64(4), P. 607 - 647

Published: Aug. 24, 2020

Abstract Metabolism consists of a series reactions that occur within cells living organisms to sustain life. The process metabolism involves many interconnected cellular pathways ultimately provide with the energy required carry out their function. importance and evolutionary advantage these can be seen as remain unchanged by animals, plants, fungi, bacteria. In eukaryotes, metabolic cytosol mitochondria utilisation glucose or fatty acids providing majority in animals. is organised into distinct either maximise capture minimise its use. split chemical comprise both synthesis degradation complex macromolecules known anabolism catabolism, respectively. basic principles consumption production are discussed, alongside biochemical make up fundamental processes for

Language: Английский

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Beyond adiponectin and leptin: adipose tissue-derived mediators of inter-organ communication

Journal of Lipid Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 60(10), P. 1648 - 1697

Published: June 18, 2019

The breakthrough discoveries of leptin and adiponectin more than two decades ago led to a widespread recognition adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Many tissue-secreted signaling mediators (adipokines) have been identified since then, much has learned about how communicates with other organs the body maintain systemic homeostasis. Beyond proteins, additional factors, such lipids, metabolites, noncoding RNAs, extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by participate in this process. Here, we review diverse mechanisms utilizes relay information organs. We discuss recently adipokines (proteins, metabolites) briefly outline contributions RNAs EVs ever-increasing complexities inter-organ communication. conclude reflecting on central aspects adipokine biology, namely, contribution distinct depots cell types secretion, phenomenon resistance, capacity act both source sink mediators.

Language: Английский

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The role of lipids in cancer progression and metastasis

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(11), P. 1675 - 1699

Published: Oct. 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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Changes in Plasma Free Fatty Acids Associated with Type-2 Diabetes

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 2022 - 2022

Published: Aug. 28, 2019

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased total plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. The exact mechanisms by which the FFA profile subjects T2DM changes unclear, but it thought that dietary fats to lipid metabolism are likely contribute. Therefore, establishing in specific FFAs individual’s important. Each type has different effects on physiological processes, including regulation lipolysis lipogenesis adipose tissue, inflammation, endocrine signalling composition properties cellular membranes. Alterations such processes due altered concentrations/profiles can potentially result development insulin resistance coagulatory defects. Finally, fibrates statins, lipid-regulating drugs prescribed T2DM, also exert part their beneficial impacting concentrations. Thus, interesting consider concentration plasma. Collectively, we review how explore downstream pathological implications changes.

Language: Английский

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High-fat diet promotes renal injury by inducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(10)

Published: Oct. 24, 2020

Abstract Obesity has been recognized as a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we investigated whereby long-term high-fat diet (HFD) feeding induces renal injury in mice. The C57BL/6 mice fed HFD 16 weeks developed obesity, diabetes, and dysfunction manifested by albuminuria blood accumulation of BUN creatinine. HFD-fed showed marked glomerular tubular injuries, including prominent defects filtration barrier increased cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, markedly triglyceride cholesterol contents activated lipogenic pathways synthesis. also oxidative stress induced mitochondrial fission cells, thereby activating pro-apoptotic pathway. In HK-2 mesangial cultures, high glucose, fatty acid, TNF-α combination was able to activate pathways, increase stress, promote fission, pathway, all which could be attenuated an inhibitor that depleted reactive oxygen species. Taken together, these observations suggest causes at least part result tissue lipid accumulation, dysfunction, excess programmed death.

Language: Английский

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Insulin: The master regulator of glucose metabolism

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 129, P. 155142 - 155142

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

Language: Английский

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Resolution of inflammation in bone regeneration: From understandings to therapeutic applications

Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 277, P. 121114 - 121114

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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