Lactose malabsorption and intolerance in older adults DOI Creative Commons
Antonella Gallo, Emanuele Marzetti,

Simona Pellegrino

et al.

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 333 - 337

Published: June 5, 2024

Purpose of review Lactose malabsorption and intolerance are very common conditions. However, their optimal approach, including the diagnostic assessment, remains a matter debate, especially in advanced age. In this brief review, we focused on current knowledge, concerns, impact clinical practice lactose elderly. Recent findings Older adults at high risk malnutrition, owing to frequent occurrence cognitive impairment, loss appetite, dysphagia, poor oral health. A significant decrease consumption dairy products may lead inadequate intake high-quality protein minerals, with consequent muscle bone Testing for be challenging older adults, if not useless. Instead, detailed evaluation should always pursued identify both all confounding factors mimicking same picture. Summary The management deserves personalized approach. Because importance maintaining an adequate nutritional status age group, efforts put forth avoid excessively restrictive diets.

Language: Английский

Role of gut microbiota in regulating immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for glioblastoma DOI Creative Commons
Hao Zhang,

Ying Hong,

Tingting Wu

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 10, 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant, invasive, and poorly prognosed brain tumor. Unfortunately, active comprehensive treatment does not significantly prolong patient survival. With the deepening of research, it has been found that gut microbiota plays certain role in GBM, can directly or indirectly affect efficacy immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) various ways. (1) The metabolites produced by host’s homeostasis, these function distribution cells, promote inhibit inflammatory responses, phenotype, angiogenesis, response, cell infiltration GBM thereby affecting effectiveness ICIs. (2) Some members may reverse T inhibition, increase anti-tumor activity, ultimately improve ICIs targeting specific immunosuppressive cytokines. (3) participate metabolic process drugs, which degrade, transform, produce metabolites, effective concentration bioavailability drugs. Optimizing structure help (4) also regulate status through axis communication, progression therapeutic response to (5) Given importance for ICI therapy, researchers have begun exploring use fecal transplantation (FMT) transplant healthy optimized patients, order their enhance therapy. Preliminary studies suggest FMT therapy some patients. In summary, crucial regulating with deeper understanding relationship between tumor immunity, expected develop more precise personalized strategies prognosis.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Probiotic Consortia Protect the Intestine Against Radiation Injury by Improving Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis DOI Creative Commons
Liwei Xie,

Haiyan Lu,

Lin-Feng Tang

et al.

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 120(1), P. 189 - 204

Published: March 12, 2024

PurposeRadiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) commonly occur during abdominal-pelvic cancer radiation therapy; however, no effective prophylactic or therapeutic agents are available to manage RIII currently. This study aimed clarify the potential of probiotic consortium supplementation in alleviating RIII.Methods and MaterialsMale C57BL/6J mice were orally administered a mixture comprising Bifidobacterium longum BL21, Lactobacillus paracasei LC86, plantarum Lp90 for 30 days before exposure 13 Gy whole abdominal irradiation. The survival rates, clinical scores, histologic changes intestines assessed. impacts treatment on stem cell proliferation, differentiation, epithelial barrier function; oxidative stress; inflammatory cytokines evaluated. A comprehensive examination gut microbiota composition was conducted through 16S rRNA sequencing, while metabolites identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.ResultsThe alleviated RIII, as reflected by increased improved mitigated mucosal injury. exhibited enhanced effects at level compared with individual strains, although there corresponding improvement rates colon length. Moreover, stimulated proliferation integrity barrier, regulated redox imbalance responses irradiated mice. Notably, induced restructuring composition, particularly enriching short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Metabolomic analysis revealed distinctive metabolic associated consortium, including elevated levels anti-inflammatory antiradiation metabolites.ConclusionsThe attenuated modulating metabolites, improving symptoms, regulating stress. These findings provide new insights into maintenance health will facilitate development probiotic-based strategies practice. Radiation-induced RIII. Male spectrometry. metabolites.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG alleviates radiation-induced intestinal injury by modulating intestinal immunity and remodeling gut microbiota DOI
Lili Zhang, Jiaying Xu, Yifei Xing

et al.

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 286, P. 127821 - 127821

Published: June 25, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Selenium Attenuates Radiation Colitis by Regulating cGAS‐STING Signaling DOI Creative Commons
Xuefeng Qian, Haoqiang Lai,

Haimei Zhang

et al.

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

Abstract Radiation colitis is one of the most common complications in patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy and there no effective treatment clinic. Therefore, searching for agents radiation urgently needed. Herein, it found that essential element selenium (Se) protective against through inhibiting X‐ray‐induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inflammation with involvement balancing generation reactive oxygen species after irradiation. Mechanistically, Se, especially nanoparticles (SeNPs), induced selenoprotein expression then functioned to effectively restrain DNA damage response, which reduced intestinal injury. Additionally, SeNPs also restrained cyclic GMP‐AMP synthas (cGAS)‐ stimulator interferon genes (STING)‐TBK1‐IRF3 signaling pathway cascade, thereby blocking transcription inflammatory cytokine gene, IL‐6 TNF‐α, thus alleviating inflammation. Moreover, inducing expression, such as GPX4, vivo can regulate microenvironment immunity gut microbiota attenuate radiation‐induced by oxidative stress maintaining homeostasis. Together, these results unravel a previously unidentified modulation role but suppressing cGAS‐STING‐TBK1‐IRF3 cascade.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Mechanisms of radiation‐induced tissue damage and response DOI Creative Commons

Zhou Lin,

Jiaojiao Zhu, Yuhao Liu

et al.

MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(10)

Published: Sept. 20, 2024

Radiation-induced tissue injury (RITI) is the most common complication in clinical tumor radiotherapy. Due to heterogeneity response of different tissues radiation (IR), radiotherapy will cause types and degrees RITI, which greatly limits application Efforts are continuously ongoing elucidate molecular mechanism RITI develop corresponding prevention treatment drugs for RITI. Single-cell sequencing (Sc-seq) has emerged as a powerful tool uncovering mechanisms identifying potential targets by enhancing our understanding complex intercellular relationships, facilitating identification novel cell phenotypes, allowing assessment spatiotemporal developmental trajectories. Based on comprehensive review we analyzed regulatory networks combination with Sc-seq summarized targeted intervention pathways therapeutic Deciphering diverse underlying can shed light its pathogenesis unveil new avenues potentially facilitate repair or regeneration currently irreversible Furthermore, discuss how personalized strategies based offer promise mitigating

Language: Английский

Citations

5
REGγ Mitigates Radiation-Induced Enteritis by Preserving Mucin Secretion and Sustaining Microbiome Homeostasis DOI
Xiangzhan Zhu, Ya Li, Xue Tian

et al.

American Journal Of Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 194(6), P. 975 - 988

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Cannabidiol mitigates radiation-induced intestine ferroptosis via facilitating the heterodimerization of RUNX3 with CBFβ thereby promoting transactivation of GPX4 DOI

Congshu Huang,

Liangliang Zhang, Pan Shen

et al.

Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 222, P. 288 - 303

Published: June 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Pathways regulating intestinal stem cells and potential therapeutic targets for radiation enteropathy DOI Creative Commons

Si-Min Chen,

Bing-Jie Guo,

A Lei Feng

et al.

Molecular Biomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

Radiotherapy is a pivotal intervention for cancer patients, significantly impacting their treatment outcomes and survival prospects. Nevertheless, in the course of treating those with abdominal, pelvic, or retroperitoneal malignant tumors, procedure inadvertently exposes adjacent intestinal tissues to radiation, posing risks radiation-induced enteropathy upon reaching threshold doses. Stem cells within crypts, through controlled proliferation differentiation, support critical functions epithelium, ensuring efficient nutrient absorption while upholding its protective barrier properties. Intestinal stem (ISCs) regulation intricately orchestrated by diverse signaling pathways, among which are WNT, BMP, NOTCH, EGF, Hippo, Hedgehog NF-κB, each contributing complex control these cells' behavior. Complementing pathways additional regulators such as metabolic states, microbiota, all contribute fine-tuning ISCs behavior crypts. It harmonious interplay cascades modulating elements that preserves homeostasis epithelial (IECs), thereby gut's overall health function. This review delves into molecular underpinnings how respond context radiation enteropathy, aiming illuminate potential biological targets therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, we have compiled summary several current methodologies. By unraveling mechanisms methods, aspire furnish roadmap development novel therapeutics, advancing our capabilities mitigating damage.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
NVP-AUY922 relieves radiation-induced intestinal injury via regulating EPHX1 DOI

Wenzhe Kong,

Xinxin Ding, Zhuqing Wang

et al.

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 363, P. 123382 - 123382

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The interplay between RNA m<sup>6</sup>A modification and radiation biology of cancerous and non-cancerous tissues: a narrative review DOI Creative Commons
Yajia Cheng, Yue Shang, S. Zhang

et al.

Cancer Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(12), P. 1120 - 1140

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

The diverse radiation types in medical treatments and the natural environment elicit complex biological effects on both cancerous non-cancerous tissues. Radiation therapy (RT) induces oncological responses, from molecular to phenotypic alterations, while simultaneously exerting toxic healthy tissue. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a prevalent modification coding non-coding RNAs, is key epigenetic mark established by set of evolutionarily conserved enzymes. interplay between m6A radiobiology tissues merits in-depth investigation. This review summarizes roles induced ionizing ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It begins with an overview its detection methods, followed detailed examination how dynamically regulates sensitivity RT, injury response tissues, toxicological UV exposure. Notably, this underscores importance novel regulatory mechanisms their potential clinical applications identifying epigenetically modulated radiation-associated biomarkers for cancer estimation dosages. In conclusion, enzyme-mediated m6A-modification triggers alterations target gene expression affecting metabolism modified thus modulating progression radiosensitivity as well normal Several promising avenues future research are further discussed. highlights context biology. Targeting epi-transcriptomic molecules might potentially provide strategy enhancing mitigating radiation-induced

Language: Английский

Citations

0