Human Brain Mapping,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
42(11), P. 3680 - 3711
Published: May 20, 2021
Abstract
Graph
theory
is
now
becoming
a
standard
tool
in
system‐level
neuroscience.
However,
endowing
observed
brain
anatomy
and
dynamics
with
complex
network
representation
involves
often
covert
theoretical
assumptions
methodological
choices
which
affect
the
way
networks
are
reconstructed
from
experimental
data,
ultimately
resulting
properties
their
interpretation.
Here,
we
review
some
fundamental
conceptual
underpinnings
technical
issues
associated
reconstruction,
discuss
how
mutual
influence
concurs
clarifying
organization
of
function.
Network Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
3(1), P. 1 - 26
Published: April 12, 2018
Over
the
past
two
decades,
resting-state
functional
connectivity
(RSFC)
methods
have
provided
new
insights
into
network
organization
of
human
brain.
Studies
brain
disorders
such
as
Alzheimer's
disease
or
depression
adapted
tools
from
graph
theory
to
characterize
differences
between
healthy
and
patient
populations.
Here,
we
conducted
a
review
clinical
neuroscience,
summarizing
methodological
details
106
RSFC
studies.
Although
this
approach
is
prevalent
promising,
our
identified
four
challenges.
First,
composition
networks
varied
remarkably
in
terms
region
parcellation
edge
definition,
which
are
fundamental
analyses.
Second,
many
studies
equated
number
connections
across
graphs,
but
conceptually
problematic
populations
may
induce
spurious
group
differences.
Third,
few
metrics
were
reported
common,
precluding
meta-analyses.
Fourth,
some
tested
hypotheses
at
one
level
without
clear
neurobiological
rationale
considering
how
findings
(e.g.,
global
topology)
contextualized
by
another
modular
structure).
Based
on
these
themes,
simulations
demonstrate
impact
specific
decisions
case-control
comparisons.
Finally,
offer
suggestions
for
promoting
convergence
order
facilitate
progress
important
field.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
38(11), P. 2809 - 2817
Published: Feb. 13, 2018
The
default
mode
network
(DMN)
supports
memory
functioning
and
may
be
sensitive
to
preclinical
Alzheimer's
pathology.
Little
is
known,
however,
about
the
longitudinal
trajectory
of
this
network's
intrinsic
functional
connectivity
(FC).
In
study,
we
evaluated
FC
in
111
cognitively
normal
older
human
adults
(ages
49-87,
46
women/65
men),
92
whom
had
at
least
three
task-free
fMRI
scans
(n
=
353
total
scans).
Whole-brain
DMN
subnetworks
were
assessed:
(1)
within-DMN,
(2)
between
anterior
posterior
DMN,
(3)
medial
temporal
lobe
DMN.
Linear
mixed-effects
models
demonstrated
significant
baseline
age
×
time
interactions,
indicating
a
nonlinear
trajectory.
There
was
trend
toward
increasing
ages
50-66
significantly
accelerating
declines
after
74.
A
similar
interaction
observed
for
whole-brain
FC.
APOE
status
did
not
predict
or
change
connectivity.
After
adjusting
volume,
changes
within-DMN
specifically
associated
with
episodic
processing
speed
but
working
executive
functions.
relationship
attenuated
covarying
white
matter
hyperintensities
(WMH)
FC,
whereas
remained
above
beyond
WMH
exhibit
trajectory,
more
rapid
possibly
increases
early
aging
process.
Within-DMN
marker
performance
even
among
healthy
adults.SIGNIFICANCE
STATEMENT
Default
connectivity,
measured
using
fMRI,
changed
nonlinearly
as
function
age,
some
suggestion
For
first
time,
shown
correlate
memory,
volume
relevant
brain
regions
not.
This
accounted
by
mean
Functional
an
biomarker
should
used
caution
given
its
nonmonotonic
nature,
which
could
complicate
interpretation.
Future
studies
investigating
consider
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Feb. 25, 2022
Abstract
While
shaped
and
constrained
by
axonal
connections,
fMRI-based
functional
connectivity
reorganizes
in
response
to
varying
interareal
input
or
pathological
perturbations.
However,
the
causal
contribution
of
regional
brain
activity
whole-brain
fMRI
network
organization
remains
unclear.
Here
we
combine
neural
manipulations,
resting-state
vivo
electrophysiology
probe
how
inactivation
a
cortical
node
causally
affects
brain-wide
coupling
mouse.
We
find
that
chronic
inhibition
medial
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC)
via
overexpression
potassium
channel
increases
between
inhibited
area
its
direct
thalamo-cortical
targets.
Acute
chemogenetic
PFC
produces
analogous
patterns
overconnectivity.
Using
electrophysiology,
enhances
low
frequency
(0.1–4
Hz)
oscillatory
power
suppression
firing
not
phase-locked
slow
rhythms,
resulting
increased
δ
band
coherence
areas
exhibit
These
results
provide
evidence
can
counterintuitively
increase
enhanced,
less-localized
processes.
Neuron,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
112(4), P. 676 - 686.e4
Published: Dec. 13, 2023
In
early
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
β-amyloid
(Aβ)
deposits
throughout
association
cortex
and
tau
appears
in
the
entorhinal
(EC).
Why
these
initially
appear
disparate
locations
is
not
understood.
Using
task-based
fMRI
multimodal
PET
imaging,
we
assess
impact
of
local
AD
pathology
on
network-to-network
interactions.
We
show
that
pathologies
flip
interactions
between
default
mode
network
(DMN)
medial
temporal
lobe
(MTL)
from
inhibitory
to
excitatory.
The
DMN
hyperexcited
with
increasing
levels
Aβ,
which
drives
hyperexcitability
within
MTL
this
directed
hyperexcitation
by
predicts
rate
accumulation
EC.
Our
results
support
a
model
whereby
Aβ
induces
disruptions
excitatory-inhibitory
balance
DMN,
driving
MTL,
leading
accumulation.
propose
Aβ-induced
candidate
causal
route
remote
EC-tau
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
20(24), P. 6193 - 6193
Published: Dec. 8, 2019
Studies
of
brain
network
connectivity
improved
understanding
on
changes
and
adaptation
in
response
to
different
pathologies.
Synaptic
plasticity,
the
ability
neurons
modify
their
connections,
is
involved
remodeling
following
types
damage
(e.g.,
vascular,
neurodegenerative,
inflammatory).
Although
synaptic
plasticity
mechanisms
have
been
extensively
elucidated,
how
neural
can
shape
organization
far
from
being
completely
understood.
Similarities
existing
between
principles
governing
could
be
helpful
define
properties
reorganization
profiles
after
damage.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
forms
including
homeostatic
anti-homeostatic
mechanisms,
directly
generating
specific
characteristics.
We
propose
that
long-term
potentiation
represent
neurophysiological
basis
for
formation
highly
connected
nodes
(hubs).
Conversely,
may
contribute
stabilize
activity
preventing
poor
excessive
peripheral
nodes.
addition,
dysfunction
drive
disruption
neuropsychiatric
conditions
such
as
Alzheimer's
disease
schizophrenia.
Optimal
architecture,
characterized
by
efficient
information
processing
resilience,
strictly
depend
balance
these
plasticity.