Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Sept. 22, 2023
Abstract
The
development
of
genetically
encoded
dopamine
sensors
such
as
dLight
has
provided
a
new
approach
to
measuring
slow
and
fast
dynamics
both
in
brain
slices
vivo,
possibly
enabling
measurements
areas
like
the
dorsolateral
striatum
(DLS)
where
previously
recordings
with
fast-scan
cyclic
voltammetry
(FSCV)
were
difficult.
To
test
this,
we
first
evaluated
photometry
mouse
simultaneous
FSCV
found
that
techniques
yielded
comparable
results,
but
notable
differences
responses
transporter
inhibitors,
including
cocaine.
We
then
used
vivo
fiber
mice
examine
cocaine
DLS.
also
compared
during
Pavlovian
conditioning
across
striatum.
show
increases
readily
detectable
DLS
describe
transient
kinetics,
well
slowly
developing
signals
conditioning.
Overall,
our
findings
indicate
is
suited
Neuropsychopharmacology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
47(1), P. 72 - 89
Published: Aug. 18, 2021
Concepts
of
cognitive
control
(CC)
and
executive
function
(EF)
are
defined
in
terms
their
relationships
with
goal-directed
behavior
versus
habits
controlled
automatic
processing,
related
to
the
functions
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC)
regions
networks.
A
psychometric
approach
shows
unity
diversity
CC
constructs,
3
components
most
commonly
studied
constructs:
general
or
common
specific
mental
set
shifting
working
memory
updating.
These
constructs
considered
against
cellular
systems
neurobiology
PFC
what
is
known
its
functional
neuroanatomical
network
organization
based
on
lesioning,
neurochemical,
neuroimaging
approaches
across
species.
also
context
motivation,
as
"cool"
"hot"
forms.
Its
Common
component
shown
be
distinct
from
intelligence
(g)
closely
response
inhibition.
Impairments
possible
causes
psychiatric
symptoms
consequences
disorders.
The
factor
psychopathology
(p)
dimensional
such
impulsivity
large
scale
developmental
adult
populations
considered,
well
implications
for
genetic
studies
RDoC
classification.
Nature reviews. Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(3), P. 167 - 179
Published: Feb. 3, 2021
Cognitive
and
behavioural
flexibility
permit
the
appropriate
adjustment
of
thoughts
behaviours
in
response
to
changing
environmental
demands.
Brain
mechanisms
enabling
have
been
examined
using
non-invasive
neuroimaging
approaches
humans
alongside
pharmacological
lesion
studies
animals.
This
work
has
identified
large-scale
functional
brain
networks
encompassing
lateral
orbital
frontoparietal,
midcingulo-insular
frontostriatal
regions
that
support
across
lifespan.
Flexibility
can
be
compromised
early-life
neurodevelopmental
disorders,
clinical
conditions
emerge
during
adolescence
late-life
dementias.
We
critically
evaluate
evidence
for
enhancement
through
cognitive
training,
physical
activity
bilingual
experience.
is
critical
optimal
adaptation
actions
under
circumstances.
In
this
Review,
Uddin
summarizes
research
processes
neural
systems
supporting
discusses
ways
improve
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Feb. 16, 2024
Abstract
The
human
gastrointestinal
tract
is
populated
with
a
diverse
microbial
community.
vast
genetic
and
metabolic
potential
of
the
gut
microbiome
underpins
its
ubiquity
in
nearly
every
aspect
biology,
including
health
maintenance,
development,
aging,
disease.
advent
new
sequencing
technologies
culture-independent
methods
has
allowed
researchers
to
move
beyond
correlative
studies
toward
mechanistic
explorations
shed
light
on
microbiome–host
interactions.
Evidence
unveiled
bidirectional
communication
between
central
nervous
system,
referred
as
“microbiota–gut–brain
axis”.
microbiota–gut–brain
axis
represents
an
important
regulator
glial
functions,
making
it
actionable
target
ameliorate
development
progression
neurodegenerative
diseases.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
mechanisms
As
provides
essential
cues
microglia,
astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes,
examine
communications
microbiota
these
cells
during
healthy
states
Subsequently,
diseases
using
metabolite-centric
approach,
while
also
examining
role
microbiota-related
neurotransmitters
hormones.
Next,
targeting
intestinal
barrier,
blood–brain
meninges,
peripheral
immune
system
counteract
dysfunction
neurodegeneration.
Finally,
conclude
by
assessing
pre-clinical
clinical
evidence
probiotics,
prebiotics,
fecal
transplantation
A
thorough
comprehension
will
foster
effective
therapeutic
interventions
for
management
Cells,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
10(4), P. 735 - 735
Published: March 26, 2021
Dopamine
(DA)
is
a
key
neurotransmitter
involved
in
multiple
physiological
functions
including
motor
control,
modulation
of
affective
and
emotional
states,
reward
mechanisms,
reinforcement
behavior,
selected
higher
cognitive
functions.
Dysfunction
dopaminergic
transmission
recognized
as
core
alteration
several
devastating
neurological
psychiatric
disorders,
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD),
schizophrenia,
bipolar
disorder,
attention
deficit
hyperactivity
disorder
(ADHD)
addiction.
Here
we
will
discuss
the
current
insights
on
role
DA
control
learning
mechanisms
its
involvement
synaptic
dynamics
through
different
pathways.
In
particular,
consider
neuromodulator
two
forms
plasticity,
known
long-term
potentiation
(LTP)
depression
(LTD)
cortical
subcortical
areas.
Finally,
delineate
how
effect
dendritic
spines
places
this
molecule
at
interface
between
systems.
Specifically,
be
focusing
PD,
vascular
dementia,
schizophrenia.
Neuropsychopharmacology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
47(1), P. 309 - 328
Published: July 26, 2021
The
primate
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC)
subserves
our
highest
order
cognitive
operations,
and
yet
is
tremendously
dependent
on
a
precise
neurochemical
environment
for
proper
functioning.
Depletion
of
noradrenaline
dopamine,
or
acetylcholine
from
the
dorsolateral
PFC
(dlPFC),
as
devastating
removing
itself,
serotonergic
influences
are
also
critical
to
functioning
orbital
medial
PFC.
Most
neuromodulators
have
narrow
inverted
U
dose
response,
which
coordinates
arousal
state
with
state,
contributes
deficits
fatigue
uncontrollable
stress.
Studies
in
monkeys
revealed
molecular
signaling
mechanisms
that
govern
generation
modulation
mental
representations
by
dlPFC,
allowing
dynamic
regulation
network
strength,
process
requires
tight
prevent
toxic
actions,
e.g.,
occurs
advanced
age.
Brain
imaging
studies
humans
observed
drug
genotype
range
tasks
circuit
functional
connectivity,
showing
catecholamines
stabilize
baseline-dependent
manner.
Research
has
already
led
new
treatments
disorders
humans,
encouraging
future
research
this
important
field.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: June 9, 2021
Abstract
Dynamical
brain
state
transitions
are
critical
for
flexible
working
memory
but
the
network
mechanisms
incompletely
understood.
Here,
we
show
that
performance
entails
brain-wide
switching
between
activity
states
using
a
combination
of
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging
in
healthy
controls
and
individuals
with
schizophrenia,
pharmacological
fMRI,
genetic
analyses
control
theory.
The
stability
relates
to
dopamine
D1
receptor
gene
expression
while
influenced
by
D2
modulation.
Individuals
schizophrenia
altered
properties,
including
more
diverse
energy
landscape
decreased
representations.
Our
results
demonstrate
relevance
signaling
steering
whole-brain
dynamics
during
link
these
processes
pathophysiology.
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: July 13, 2021
The
elderly
population
is
growing
worldwide,
with
important
health
and
socioeconomic
implications.
Clinical
experimental
studies
on
aging
have
uncovered
numerous
changes
in
the
brain,
such
as
decreased
neurogenesis,
increased
synaptic
defects,
greater
metabolic
stress,
enhanced
inflammation.
These
are
associated
cognitive
decline
neurobehavioral
deficits.
Although
not
a
disease,
it
significant
risk
factor
for
functional
worsening,
affective
impairment,
disease
exaggeration,
dementia,
general
susceptibility.
Conversely,
life
events
related
to
mental
stress
trauma
can
also
lead
accelerated
age-associated
disorders
dementia.
Here,
we
review
human
mice
rats,
those
modeling
neurodegenerative
diseases,
that
helped
elucidate
(1)
dynamics
mechanisms
underlying
biological
pathological
of
main
projecting
systems
brain
(glutamatergic,
cholinergic,
dopaminergic)
(2)
effect
defective
glutamatergic,
dopaminergic
projection
disabilities
disorders,
Alzheimer’s
Parkinson’s
diseases.
Detailed
knowledge
age-related
diseases
be
an
element
development
effective
ways
treatment.
In
this
context,
briefly
analyze
which
adverse
glutaminergic
could
targeted
by
therapeutic
strategies
developed
result
our
better
understanding
these
damaging
mechanisms.
