From pre-processing to advanced dynamic modeling of pupil data DOI Creative Commons
Lauren K. Fink, Jaana Simola, Alessandro Tavano

et al.

Behavior Research Methods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56(3), P. 1376 - 1412

Published: June 22, 2023

The pupil of the eye provides a rich source information for cognitive scientists, as it can index variety bodily states (e.g., arousal, fatigue) and processes attention, decision-making). As pupillometry becomes more accessible popular methodology, researchers have proposed techniques analyzing data. Here, we focus on time series-based, signal-to-signal approaches that enable one to relate dynamic changes in size over with stimulus series, continuous behavioral outcome measures, or other participants' traces. We first introduce pupillometry, its neural underpinnings, relation between measurements oculomotor behaviors blinks, saccades), stress importance understanding what is being measured be inferred from pupillary activity. Next, discuss possible pre-processing steps, contexts which they may necessary. Finally, turn analytic techniques, including regression-based approaches, time-warping, phase clustering, detrended fluctuation analysis, recurrence quantification analysis. Assumptions these examples scientific questions each address, are outlined, references key papers software packages. Additionally, provide detailed code tutorial steps through figures this paper. Ultimately, contend insights gained constrained by analysis used, offer means generate novel taking into account understudied spectro-temporal relationships signal signals interest.

Language: Английский

Balancing exploration and exploitation with information and randomization DOI Creative Commons
Robert C. Wilson, Elizabeth Bonawitz, Vincent D. Costa

et al.

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 38, P. 49 - 56

Published: Nov. 6, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

164
Pupillometry as an integrated readout of distinct attentional networks DOI
Christoph Strauch, Chin‐An Wang, Wolfgang Einhäuser

et al.

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 45(8), P. 635 - 647

Published: June 1, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

162
Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Humans Induces Pupil Dilation and Attenuates Alpha Oscillations DOI Creative Commons
O. Sharon, Firas Fahoum, Yuval Nir

et al.

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41(2), P. 320 - 330

Published: Nov. 19, 2020

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is widely used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy and depression. While the precise mechanisms mediating its long-term therapeutic effects are not fully resolved, they likely involve locus coeruleus (LC) via nucleus of solitary tract, which receives afferent vagal inputs. In rats, VNS elevates LC firing forebrain noradrenaline levels, whereas lesions suppress efficacy. Noninvasive transcutaneous (tVNS) uses electrical that targets auricular branch vagus at cymba conchae ear. However, extent tVNS mimics remains unclear. Here, we investigated short-term in healthy human male volunteers ( n = 24), using high-density EEG pupillometry during visual fixation rest. We compared short (3.4 s) trials sham earlobe (far from branch) control for somatosensory stimulation. Although did differ subjective intensity ratings, led robust pupil dilation (peaking 4–5 s after trial onset) was significantly higher than following further quantified, parallel factor analysis, how modulates idle occipital alpha (8–13Hz) activity identified each participant. found greater attenuation oscillations by This demonstrates reliably induces pupillary markers arousal beyond stimulation, thus supporting hypothesis other arousal-promoting neuromodulatory signaling, invasive VNS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Current noninvasive brain techniques mostly confined modulating cortical activity, as typical with transcranial magnetic or direct/alternating current Transcutaneous has been proposed stimulate subcortical nuclei, though previous studies yielded inconsistent results. Here show pulses naive induced transient oscillations. These line established on coeruleus–noradrenaline support Therefore, can be a tool studying endogenous signaling affects cognition, including perception, attention, memory, decision-making; also developing novel clinical applications.

Language: Английский

Citations

150
Noradrenergic modulation of rhythmic neural activity shapes selective attention DOI
Martin J. Dahl, Mara Mather, Markus Werkle‐Bergner

et al.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 38 - 52

Published: Nov. 16, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

105
Pupil diameter is not an accurate real-time readout of locus coeruleus activity DOI Creative Commons
Marine Megemont, Jim McBurney-Lin, Hongdian Yang

et al.

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

Pupil diameter is often treated as a noninvasive readout of activity in the locus coeruleus (LC). However, how accurately it can be used to index LC not known. To address this question, we established graded relationship between pupil size changes and spiking mice, where dilation increased monotonically with number spikes. exists substantial variability such that only predict small fraction on moment-by-moment basis. In addition, exhibited large session-to-session fluctuations response identical optical stimulation LC. The variations pupil-LC were strongly correlated decision bias-related behavioral variables. Together, our data show an overall activity, further suggest dynamically modulated by brain states, supporting extending previous findings (Yang et al., 2021).

Language: Английский

Citations

94
The pupillary light response as a physiological index of aphantasia, sensory and phenomenological imagery strength DOI Creative Commons
Lachlan Kay, Rebecca Keogh, Thomas Andrillon

et al.

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 31, 2022

The pupillary light response is an important automatic physiological which optimizes reaching the retina. Recent work has shown that pupil also adjusts in to illusory brightness and a range of cognitive functions, however, it remains unclear what exactly drives these endogenous changes. Here, we show imagery correlates with objective measures sensory strength. Further, trial-by-trial phenomenological vividness visual tracked by response. We demonstrated group individuals without (aphantasia) do not any significant evidence response, however they perceptual responses dilation larger load. Our results provide indexes strength imagery. This provides first validation aphantasia.

Language: Английский

Citations

87
Why is everyone talking about brain state? DOI Creative Commons
Abigail S. Greene, Corey Horien, Daniel Barson

et al.

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(7), P. 508 - 524

Published: May 8, 2023

The rapid and coordinated propagation of neural activity across the brain provides foundation for complex behavior cognition. Technical advances neuroscience subfields have advanced understanding these dynamics, but points convergence are often obscured by semantic differences, creating silos subfield-specific findings. In this review we describe how a parsimonious conceptualization state as fundamental building block whole-brain offers common framework to relate findings scales species. We present examples diverse techniques commonly used study states associated with physiology higher-order cognitive processes, discuss integration them will enable more comprehensive mechanistic characterization dynamics that crucial survival disrupted in disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

84
Importance of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system in sleep-wake regulation: Implications for aging and Alzheimer's disease DOI Creative Commons
Maxime Van Egroo, Ekaterina Koshmanova, Gilles Vandewalle

et al.

Sleep Medicine Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 62, P. 101592 - 101592

Published: Jan. 21, 2022

Five decades ago, seminal studies positioned the brainstem locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine (NE) system as a key substrate for regulation of wakefulness and sleep, this picture has recently been elaborated thanks to methodological advances in precise investigation experimental modulation LC structure functions. This review presents discusses findings that support major role LC-NE at different levels sleep-wake organization, ranging from its involvement overall architecture cycle associations with sleep microstructure, while accounting intricate neuroanatomy surrounding LC. Given particular position held by being intersection dysregulation initial pathophysiological processes Alzheimer's disease (AD), we conclude examining emerging opportunities investigate mediated relationships between alteration AD human aging. We further propose several research perspectives could promising target identification at-risk individuals preclinical stages AD, development novel preventive interventions.

Language: Английский

Citations

80
Traumatic brain injury: Mechanisms, manifestations, and visual sequelae DOI Creative Commons

Steve H. Rauchman,

Aarij Zubair,

Benna Jacob

et al.

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Feb. 23, 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results when external physical forces impact the head with sufficient intensity to cause damage brain. TBI can be mild, moderate, or severe and may have long-term consequences including visual difficulties, cognitive deficits, headache, pain, sleep disturbances, post-traumatic epilepsy. Disruption of normal functioning leads a cascade effects molecular anatomical changes, persistent neuronal hyperexcitation, neuroinflammation, loss. Destructive processes that occur at cellular level lead inflammation, oxidative stress, calcium dysregulation, apoptosis. Vascular damage, ischemia loss blood barrier integrity contribute destruction tissue. This review focuses on incited during frequently life-altering lasting this vision, cognition, balance, sleep. The wide range complaints associated are addressed repair where there is potential for intervention preservation highlighted.

Language: Английский

Citations

45
Brain-wide neural activity underlying memory-guided movement DOI Creative Commons
Susu Chen, Yi Liu,

Ziyue Wang

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187(3), P. 676 - 691.e16

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Behavior relies on activity in structured neural circuits that are distributed across the brain, but most experiments probe neurons a single area at time. Using multiple Neuropixels probes, we recorded from multi-regional loops connected to anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM), circuit node mediating memory-guided directional licking. Neurons encoding sensory stimuli, choices, and actions were brain. However, choice coding was concentrated ALM subcortical areas receiving input an ALM-dependent manner. Diverse orofacial movements encoded hindbrain; midbrain; and, lesser extent, forebrain. Choice signals first detected midbrain, followed by thalamus other brain areas. At movement initiation, choice-selective collapsed new patterns driving specific actions. Our provide foundation for models of decision-making initiation.

Language: Английский

Citations

40