The Psychology of Framing: How Everyday Language Shapes the Way We Think, Feel, and Act

Psychological Science in the Public Interest, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 105 - 161

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

When we use language to communicate, must choose what say, not and how say it. That is, decide frame the message. These linguistic choices matter: Framing a discussion one way or another can influence people think, feel, act in many important domains, including politics, health, business, journalism, law, even conversations with loved ones. The ubiquity of framing effects raises several questions relevant public interest: What makes certain messages so potent others ineffectual? Do pose threat our autonomy, are they rational response variation content? Can learn more effectively promote policy reforms other causes believe in, is this an overly idealistic goal? In article, address these by providing integrative review psychology framing. We begin brief history concept survey common effects. then outline cognitive, social-pragmatic, emotional mechanisms underlying such This centers on view that natural—and unavoidable—feature human communication. From perspective, reflect sensible communicate different information. second half provide taxonomy techniques, describing various ways structure content message be altered shape people’s mental models being described. Some manipulations subtle, involving slight shift grammar wording. Others overt, wholesale changes Finally, consider factors moderate impact framing, gaps current empirical literature, opportunities for future research. conclude offering general recommendations effective reflecting place society. Linguistic powerful, but its inevitable—we always reframe issue ourselves people.

Language: Английский

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Abstract Concepts and the Embodied Mind

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 13, 2022

Abstract Our thoughts depend on knowledge about objects, people, properties, and events. In order to think where we left our keys, what are going make for dinner, when last fed the dogs, how survive next visit with family, need know something locations, cooking, survival, families, so on. Researchers have sought explain brains can store access such general knowledge. A growing body of evidence suggests that many concepts grounded in action, emotion, perception systems. We appear world by means same mechanisms use experience it. like “democracy,” “fermion,” “piety,” “truth,” “zero” represent a clear challenge this idea. Given they uniquely human cognitive achievement, answering question acquire them is central ability understand ourselves. Concepts Embodied Mind, Guy Dove contends abstract heterogeneous pose three important challenges embodied cognition. They force us ask these questions: How do generalize beyond specifics experience? things not directly? adapt specific contexts tasks? He argues successful theory grounding must embrace multimodal representations, hierarchical architecture, linguistic scaffolding. product an elastic mind.

Language: Английский

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Grounded Cognition Entails Linguistic Relativity: A Neglected Implication of a Major Semantic Theory

Topics in Cognitive Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 615 - 647

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

According to the popular Grounded Cognition Model (GCM), sensory and motor features of concepts, including word meanings, are stored directly within neural systems for perception action. More precisely, core claim is that these concrete conceptual reuse some same modality-specific representations serve categorize experiences involving relevant kinds objects events. Research in semantic typology, however, has shown meanings vary significantly across roughly 6500 languages world. I argue this crosslinguistic diversity significant yet previously unrecognized theoretical consequences GCM. In particular, accommodate typological data, GCM must assume not merely sensory/motor brain systems, but represented there ways are, a nontrivial degree, language-specific. Moreover, it also activated during nonlinguistic processing events (e.g., visual action planning); otherwise, they would really be grounded, which say, embedded inside systems. Crucially, such activations constitute what traditionally called linguistic relativity-that is, influence language-specific structures on other forms cognition. The overarching aim paper elaborate argument more fully explore its repercussions. To end, discuss greater detail key aspects GCM, evidence diversity, pertinent work relativity, central entails initial supporting results, important limitations future directions.

Language: Английский

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Self-Prioritization Reconsidered: Scrutinizing Three Claims

Perspectives on Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 876 - 886

Published: Nov. 10, 2022

Such is the power of self-relevance, it has been argued that even arbitrary stimuli (e.g., shapes, lines, colors) with no prior personal connection are privileged during information processing following their association self (i.e., self-prioritization). This prioritization effect, moreover, deemed to be stimulus driven automatic), grounded in perception, and supported by specialized operations. Here, however, we scrutinize these claims challenge this viewpoint. Although self-relevance unquestionably influences processing, contend that, at least present, there limited evidence suggest self-related compulsory, penetrates underpinned activity a dedicated neural network. Rather, self-prioritization appears task-dependent product ordinary cognitive processes.

Language: Английский

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Embodied Processing at Six Linguistic Granularity Levels: A Consensus Paper

Journal of Cognition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language processing is influenced by sensorimotor experiences. Here, we review behavioral evidence for embodied and grounded influences in language across six linguistic levels of granularity. We examine (a) sub-word features, discussing on iconicity (systematic associations between word form meaning); (b) words, boundary conditions generalizations the simulation color, sensory modality, spatial position; (c) sentences, applications action direction simulation; (d) texts, how teaching can improve comprehension beginning readers; (e) conversations, multi-modal cues turn taking alignment; (f) text corpora, distributional semantic models reveal knowledge encoded texts. These approaches are converging a convincing account psychology language, but at same time, there important criticisms approach specific experimental paradigms. The surest way forward requires adoption wide array scientific methods. By providing complimentary evidence, combination multiple methods various granularity help us gain more complete understanding role embodiment grounding processing.

Language: Английский

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