Toward a functional future for the cognitive neuroscience of human aging

Neuron, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 113(1), P. 154 - 183

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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No effect of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on MRI brain activity during movie watching

Brain and Neuroscience Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Apolipoprotein E ε4 is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, and some apolipoprotein carriers show disease–related neuropathology many years before cognitive changes are apparent. Therefore, studying healthy genotyped individuals offers an opportunity to investigate the earliest in brain measures that may signal presence of disease-related processes. For example, subtle functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity, particularly within default mode network, have been described when comparing ε3 carriers. Similarly, very mild impairments episodic memory also documented Here, we use naturalistic activity (movie watching), marker encoding (transient connectivity around so-called ‘event boundaries’), potential phenotype differences associated with genotype large sample adults. Using Bayes analyses, found strong evidence against existence allelic status. did not find E-associated ran exploratory analyses examining: system segregation across whole brain, network. We conclude has little or no effect on how ongoing experiences processed The observed studies reflect early effects pathology

Language: Английский

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Mental health and psychological processes associated with cognitive aging and dementia

Current Opinion in Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Purpose of review This focuses on the role psychological factors in cognitive aging and dementia, an area that has received less attention compared to other modifiable (e.g. sleep, physical activity, so on) or reduction disease risk. Recent findings A range mental health aspects, including clinical symptoms, stable personality traits, more specific constructs processes repetitive negative thinking, purpose life), are associated with dementia Psychological can either serve as protective risk elements, influencing brain through general mechanisms, stress regulation impact several biological systems, well modulate resistance resilience Alzheimer's age-related changes. Protective traits linked healthier lifestyle habits, while behaviors, may function across lifespan, suggesting benefits for education from early life. Summary The emphasizes need greater focus optimizing being, particularly at-risk populations, suggests interventions should be tailored individuals’ values life purposes. Additionally, further research is needed explore neurobiological mechanisms which psychologically focused influence decline dementia.

Language: Английский

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Amyloid and Tau Pathology in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals With a Parental History of Alzheimer Disease

Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 104(9)

Published: April 9, 2025

Female sex and a parental history of Alzheimer disease (AD), especially maternal, confer increased risk AD. Associations between sex, or affected AD parent's biomarkers are less clear. We examined whether influences (1) β-amyloid (Aβ) tau burden/accumulation, (2) the association Aβ burden, (3) brain cognitive resilience to burden. The sample included 243 participants from Presymptomatic Evaluation Experimental Novel Treatments for cohort in Canada. All with [18F]-NAV4694 [18F]-AV1451 PET MRI were included. differences on regional burden/accumulation; 2-way interactions burden; 3-way time, deposition hippocampal volume (brain resilience) cognition (cognitive over time. Participants (69.4% female) aged 68.3 ± 5.1 years at their first scans. cognitively unimpaired baseline. Longitudinal data available 242 (follow-up, 6.72 2.38 years), including 238 (6.53 2.48 follow-up) follow-ups 115 (4.4 0.6 follow-ups, 71 developed mild impairment. Women showed greater (standardized β = 0.13 0.3) stronger global than men 0.79 0.1). Individuals an father those mother 0.65 Aβ-associated atrophy time 0.24 and, surprisingly, individuals paternal seemed more vulnerable Aβ-related spread tau, whereas women Aβ. Understanding sex-specific could allow clinical trial precision personalization. A major limitation reduced analyses.

Language: Английский

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A review on brain age prediction models

Brain Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1823, P. 148668 - 148668

Published: Nov. 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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Fetal influence on the human brain through the lifespan

eLife, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 11, 2024

Human fetal development has been associated with brain health at later stages. It is unknown whether growth in utero, as indexed by birth weight (BW), relates consistently to lifespan characteristics and changes, what extent these influences are of a genetic or environmental nature. Here we show remarkably stable lifelong positive associations between BW cortical surface area volume across within developmental, aging longitudinal samples (N = 5794, 4–82 y age, w/386 monozygotic twins, followed for up 8.3 w/12,088 MRIs). In contrast, no consistent effect on changes was observed. Partly effects were indicated analysis twin discordance. conclusion, the influence prenatal topography reliable through lifespan. This early-life factor appears association reserve, rather than maintenance. Thus, appear omnipresent spacetime human throughout Optimizing may increase reserve life, also aging.

Language: Английский

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Reliability of structural brain change in cognitively healthy adult samples

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 3, 2024

Abstract In neuroimaging research, tracking individuals over time is key to understanding the interplay between brain changes and genetic, environmental, or cognitive factors across lifespan. Yet, extent which we can estimate individual trajectories of change with precision remains uncertain. this study, estimated reliability structural in cognitively healthy adults from multiple samples assessed influence follow-up number observations. Estimates cross-sectional measurement error variance were obtained using longitudinal FreeSurfer processing stream. Our findings showed, on average, modest two years follow-up. Increasing was associated a substantial increase while impact increasing observations comparatively minor. On 2-year studies require ≈2.7 ≈4.0 times more than designs follow-ups 4 6 achieve comparable statistical power. Subcortical volume exhibited higher compared cortical area, thickness, volume. The estimates those empirical data. affected by both cohort’s age where younger had lower change, preprocessing pipeline FreeSurfer’s stream notably superior cross-sectional. Suboptimal inflated sample size requirements compromised ability distinguish aging. This study underscores importance long-term need consider research.

Language: Английский

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Back to the future: omnipresence of fetal influence on the human brain through the lifespan

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Human fetal development has been associated with brain health at later stages. It is unknown whether growth in utero, as indexed by birth weight (BW), relates consistently to lifespan characteristics and changes, what extent these influences are of a genetic or environmental nature. Here we show remarkably stable life-long positive associations between BW cortical surface area volume across within developmental, aging longitudinal samples (N = 5794, 4-82 years age, w/ 386 monozygotic twins, followed for up 8.3 w/12,088 MRIs). In contrast, no consistent effect on changes was observed. Partly effects were indicated analysis twin discordance. conclusion, the influence prenatal topography reliable through lifespan. This early life factor appears association reserve, rather than maintenance. Thus, appear omnipresent spacetime human throughout Optimizing may increase reserve life, also aging.

Language: Английский

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Childhood adiposity underlies numerous adult brain traits commonly attributed to midlife obesity

Brain, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 148(1), P. 133 - 142

Published: June 18, 2024

Obese adults are often reported to have smaller brain volumes than their non-obese peers. Whether this represents evidence of accelerations in obesity-driven atrophy or is instead a legacy developmental differences established earlier the lifespan remains unclear. This study investigated whether early-life adiposity explain numerous adult traits commonly attributed mid-life obesity. We used two-sample life course Mendelian randomization 37 501 recruited UK Biobank (UKB) imaging centres from 2014, with secondary analyses 6996 children assessed Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD) 2018. Exposures were genetic variants for childhood (266 variants) and (470 derived genome-wide association (GWAS) 407 741 UKB participants. Primary outcomes were: total volume; grey matter volume, thickness surface area; white volume hyperintensities; hippocampus, amygdala thalamus at mean age 55 UKB. Secondary equivalent measures collected 10 ABCD. In UKB, individuals who genetically predicted had higher levels found multiple relative intracranial [e.g. z-score difference normalized per category increase adiposity-95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.20 (-0.28, -0.12); P 4 × 10-6]. These effect sizes remained essentially unchanged after accounting birthweight current obesity multivariable models, whereas most observed effects attenuated towards null (95% CI) 0.06 (-0.05, 0.17); 0.3]. Observational ABCD showed similar pattern changes already present those high body mass index by [z-score -0.10 (-0.13, -0.07); 8 10-13], follow-up risk score providing some causal early age. Sensitivity revealed that many these likely due persistence larger head gained excess weight [childhood 0.14 (0.05, 0.23); 0.002], rather se. Our data suggest across may underlie neuroimaging obesity-related later life.

Language: Английский

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From animal models to human individuality: Integrative approaches to the study of brain plasticity

Neuron, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(21), P. 3522 - 3541

Published: Oct. 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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