Transdiagnostic mental health symptom dimensions predict use of flexible model-based inference in complex environments

Published: June 7, 2024

A key goal within computational psychiatry is to identify mechanisms underpinning symptom dimensions that cut across diagnostic categories. Complex, naturalistic, situations, such as the inference of others’ mental states and how act accordingly (e.g., social interactions), a common junction at which health symptoms emerge. Such patterns may reflect breakdown fundamental processes ordinarily underpin these behaviours, with use flexible goal-directed decision-making being prime candidate. Here, we used validated, naturalistic threat task assess in complex interactive decision problems. Participants (n=1025) completed this alongside battery self-report measures neurodevelopmental characteristics. By performing hierarchical dimensionality reduction on measures, found behaviour was most clearly associated fine-grained dimensions, where higher scores an inattentive/neurodevelopmental dimension predicted more accurate inferences externalising poorer performance. Using modelling, show associations are mediated by degree individuals make about predator’s behaviour. Our results suggest traits manifest complex, environments result from alterations mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Medical Education: Considerations for a Successful Integration of Learning with and Learning about AI

Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) with its diverse domains such as expert systems and machine learning already has multiple potential applications in medicine. Based on the latest developments multifaceted field of AI, it will play a pivotal role medicine, high transformative areas, including drug development, diagnostics, patient care monitoring. In pharmaceutical industry AI is also rapidly gaining crucial role. The introduction innovative medicines requires profound background knowledge means communication. This drives us to intensively engage topic medical education, which becoming more demanding due dynamic landscape, among other things, accelerated even by digitalization AI. Therefore, we argue for incorporation AI-based tools methods personalized learning, diagnostic pathways, data analysis, prepare healthcare professionals evolving landscape medicine support fluency dealing regular contact various (Learning AI). Understanding AI's vast caveats well basic how works should be an important part education ensure that physicians can effectively responsibly leverage their daily practice scientific communication about

Language: Английский

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It’s time to stand on my own feet: When to stop social learning from a predecessor in a laboratory information-foraging task

Published: May 20, 2024

Striking a balance between individual and social learning is one of the key capabilities that support adaptation under uncertainty. Although intergenerational transmission information ubiquitous, little known about when how newcomers switch from loyally preceding models to exploring independently. Using behavioral experiment, we investigated available demonstrator affects timing becoming independent performance thereafter. Participants worked on 30-armed bandit task for 100 trials. For first 15 trials, participants simply observed choices who had accumulated more knowledge environment passively received rewards demonstrator’s choices. Thereafter, could making at any time. We three conditions differing in demonstrator: choice only, reward or both. Results showed both participants’ strategies stop observational their patterns after independence depended information. generally failed make best use previously subsequent choices, suggesting importance direct communication beyond passive observation better Implications cultural evolution are discussed.

Language: Английский

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Artificial intelligence and environment behavior psychology based evolution of science fiction movie genres

Current Psychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(32), P. 26511 - 26538

Published: July 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Learning from rewards and social information in naturalistic strategic behavior

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Acting intelligently in complex environments poses a challenging learning problem: faced with many different situations and possible actions, how do people learn which action to take each situation? While traditional laboratory-based experiments have been used study specific mechanisms, these often employ relatively simple tasks conducted over short period of time. Thus, it is unclear what extent mechanisms are the significantly more temporally extended encounter their everyday lives. To understand processes by policies guide decisions, we investigate opening strategies novice online chess players first months play. We use large data set consisting 2,499,783 games, providing us necessary scale explore setting. In particular, focus on two types learning: reinforcement learning, or from rewards given repeated experiences, social actions others. show that players’ choices modulated both game outcomes observing opponents’ they exhibit important hallmarks adaptive decision-making such as exploration expertise. Our results provide evidence sophisticated algorithms naturalistic strategic behavior.

Language: Английский

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Unravelling Repetitive Negative Thinking With Reinforcement Learning

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

Recent advances in the computational dynamics of planning and state inference from interdisciplinary field reinforcement learning offer rich opportunities for insights into repetitive negative thinking (RNT), specifically rumination worry. In this perspective, we apply key principles meta-reasoning to provide a normative foundation clinical phenomena associated with RNT, including excessive focus on potential events, impact overly abstract thinking, perpetuation RNT over time. We explore how these factors may contribute clinically relevant behavioral outcomes such as avoidance. propose two algorithmic accounts RNT: worry-as-planning rumination-as-inference, where agents learn through mentally simulating states actions. Furthermore, discuss algorithms can be viewed cognitive actions subject selection, learning, reinforcement. This integration opens avenues innovative approaches understanding intervening maladaptive thought patterns, ultimately advancing treatment RNT-related conditions.

Language: Английский

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An algorithmic account for how humans efficiently learn, transfer, and compose hierarchically structured decision policies

Cognition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 254, P. 105967 - 105967

Published: Oct. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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SURVIVAL IN A WORLD OF COMPLEX DANGERS

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 167, P. 105924 - 105924

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Association between SOFA score and risk of acute kidney injury in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis: an analysis of the MIMIC-IV database

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Dec. 23, 2024

Introduction The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is a widely utilized clinical tool for evaluating the severity of organ failure in critically ill patients and assessing their condition prognosis intensive care unit (ICU). Research has demonstrated that higher SOFA scores are associated with poorer outcomes these patients. However, predictive value acute kidney injury (AKI), common complication diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aims to investigate relationship between incidence AKI DKA. Methods population was divided into two groups based on median (Q1: ≤3; Q2: >3). primary endpoint Secondary endpoints included renal replacement therapy (RRT) utilization in-hospital mortality. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards models, logistic regression models were employed assess association therisk Results Overall, 626 DKA study, which 335 (53%) male. analysis experienced significantly increased cumulative incidences AKI, rates RRT utilization, elevated Furthermore, after adjusting confounding factors, analyses confirmed remained Conclusions Our indicates high an independent risk predictor occurrence RRT, mortality sofa can be as biomarker patient population.

Language: Английский

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Trade-off between search costs and accuracy in oculomotor and manual search tasks

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Abstract Humans must weigh various factors when choosing between competing courses of action. In case eye movements, for example, a recent study demonstrated that the human oculomotor system trades off temporal costs movements against their perceptual benefits, visual search targets. Here, we compared such trade-offs different effectors. Participants were shown displays with targets and distractors from two stimulus sets. each trial, they chose which target to for, and, after finding it, discriminated feature. Targets differed in (how many target-similar shown) discrimination difficulty. rewarded or penalized based on whether target’s feature was correctly. Additionally, participants given limited time complete trials. Critically, inspected items either by only manual actions (tapping stylus tablet). Results show traded difficulty both effectors, allowing them perform close predictions an ideal observer model. However, behavioral analysis computational modelling revealed performance more strongly constrained decision-noise (what choose) sampling-noise information sample during search) than search. We conclude trade-off accuracy constitutes general mechanism optimize decision-making, regardless effector used. slow-paced are robust detrimental influence noise, fast-paced movements. New & Noteworthy trade benefits decision-making. Is this effector-specific does it constitute decision-making principle? investigated question contrasting tablet) task. found evidence costs-benefits however, compromised noise at levels

Language: Английский

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