Developing drought‐smart, ready‐to‐grow future crops

The Plant Genome, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Nov. 10, 2022

Breeding crop plants with increased yield potential and improved tolerance to stressful environments is critical for global food security. Drought stress (DS) adversely affects agricultural productivity worldwide expected rise in the coming years. Therefore, it vital understand physiological, biochemical, molecular, ecological mechanisms associated DS. This review examines recent advances plant responses DS expand our understanding of DS-associated mechanisms. Suboptimal water sources affect growth yields through physical impairments, physiological disturbances, biochemical modifications, molecular adjustments. To control devastating effect plants, important its consequences, mechanisms, agronomic genetic basis sustainable production. In addition responses, we highlight several mitigation options such as omics approaches, transgenics breeding, genome editing, mechanical methods (foliar treatments, seed priming, conventional practices). Further, have also presented scope speed breeding platforms helping develop drought-smart future crops. short, recommend incorporating multi-omics, traditional strategies, cultivars achieve 'zero hunger' goal.

Language: Английский

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Multidimensional Role of Silicon to Activate Resilient Plant Growth and to Mitigate Abiotic Stress

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 23, 2022

Sustainable agricultural production is critically antagonistic by fluctuating unfavorable environmental conditions. The introduction of mineral elements emerged as the most exciting and magical aspect, apart from novel intervention traditional applied strategies to defend abiotic stress silicon (Si) has ameliorating impacts regulating diverse functionalities on enhancing growth development crop plants. Si categorized a non-essential element since plants accumulate less during normal Studies application in highlight beneficial role extreme stressful conditions through modulation several metabolites Phytohormones are primary plant positively regulated play pivotal plants' broad-spectrum biochemical physiological aspects Frontline phytohormones include auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic brassinosteroids, jasmonic acid. These internally correlated with tolerance mechanisms. This review explores insights into phytohormone metabolism its maintaining well-being stresses. Moreover, in-depth information about Si's inducing metabolic molecular modulations elaborated. Furthermore, potential various high throughput technologies also been discussed improving Si-induced multiple tolerance. In addition, special emphasis engrossed achieving sustainable global food security.

Language: Английский

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Modern plant biotechnology as a strategy in addressing climate change and attaining food security

Agriculture & Food Security, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: April 3, 2022

Abstract Global warming causes a range of negative impacts on plants especially due to rapid changes in temperatures, alterations rainfall patterns, floods or drought conditions, and outbreaks pests diseases. These, turn, affect crop production reducing the quality quantity agricultural produce. Climatic extremes high population growth significantly increase world’s food demand. Therefore, fulfilling goal attaining security for present future generations is prime importance. Biotechnology enables creating dramatic crops withstand stress which difficult attain using conventional breeding approaches. It viable tool used improve production. The development biotechnological approaches such as genetic engineering, genome editing, RNA-mediated gene silencing armored with next-generation sequencing, mapping have paved way precise faster modifications plants. Such intensive efforts are currently underway desirable cultivars meet demand support sustainable productivity climate change adaptation.

Language: Английский

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Breeding More Crops in Less Time: A Perspective on Speed Breeding

Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 275 - 275

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

Breeding crops in a conventional way demands considerable time, space, inputs for selection, and the subsequent crossing of desirable plants. The duration seed-to-seed cycle is one crucial bottlenecks progress plant research breeding. In this context, speed breeding (SB), relying mainly on photoperiod extension, temperature control, early seed harvest, has potential to accelerate rate improvement. Well demonstrated case long-day plants, SB protocols are being extended short-day plants reduce generation interval time. Flexibility allows them align integrate with diverse purposes including population development, genomic phenotyping, editing. review, we discuss different methodologies their application hasten future Though been extensively used phenotyping pyramiding multiple traits development new crop varieties, certain challenges limitations hamper its widespread across crops. However, existing constraints can be resolved by further optimization critical food efficient integration pipelines.

Language: Английский

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Application of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing for abiotic stress management in crop plants

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 18, 2023

Abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, cold, heat, and heavy metals, extensively reducing global agricultural production. Traditional breeding approaches transgenic technology have been widely used to mitigate the risks of these environmental stresses. The discovery engineered nucleases as genetic scissors carry out precise manipulation in crop stress-responsive genes associated molecular network has paved way for sustainable management abiotic stress conditions. In this context, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-Cas (CRISPR/Cas)-based gene-editing tool revolutionized due its simplicity, accessibility, adaptability, flexibility, wide applicability. This system great potential build up varieties with enhanced tolerance against review, we summarize latest findings on understanding mechanism response plants application CRISPR/Cas-mediated towards a multitude stresses metals. We provide mechanistic insights CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing technology. also discuss applications evolving techniques such prime base editing, mutant library production, transgene free multiplexing rapidly deliver modern cultivars adapted

Language: Английский

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Advances in “Omics” Approaches for Improving Toxic Metals/Metalloids Tolerance in Plants

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Food safety has emerged as a high-urgency matter for sustainable agricultural production. Toxic metal contamination of soil and water significantly affects productivity, which is further aggravated by extreme anthropogenic activities modern practices, leaving food human health at risk. In addition to reducing crop production, increased metals/metalloids toxicity also disturbs plants' demand supply equilibrium. Counterbalancing toxic demands better understanding the complex mechanisms physiological, biochemical, molecular, cellular, plant level that may result in productivity. Consequently, plants have established different internal defense cope with adverse effects metals/metalloids. Nevertheless, these are not adequate overwhelm toxicity. Plants produce several secondary messengers trigger cell signaling, activating numerous transcriptional responses correlated defense. Therefore, recent advances omics approaches such genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, ionomics, miRNAomics, phenomics enabled characterization molecular regulators associated tolerance, can be deployed developing tolerant plants. This review highlights various response strategies adopted tolerate toxicity, including responses. A seven-(omics)-based design summarized scientific clues reveal stress-responsive genes, proteins, metabolites, miRNAs, trace elements, stress-inducible phenotypes, metabolic pathways could potentially help up face fluctuating environmental conditions. Finally, some bottlenecks future directions been highlighted, enable

Language: Английский

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Developing future heat-resilient vegetable crops

Functional & Integrative Genomics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

Climate change seriously impacts global agriculture, with rising temperatures directly affecting the yield. Vegetables are an essential part of daily human consumption and thus have importance among all agricultural crops. The population is increasing daily, so there a need for alternative ways which can be helpful in maximizing harvestable yield vegetables. increase temperature affects plants' biochemical molecular processes; having significant impact on quality Breeding climate-resilient crops good yields takes long time lots breeding efforts. However, advent new omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, efficiency efficacy unearthing information pathways associated high-temperature stress resilience has improved many vegetable Besides omics, use genomics-assisted approaches gene editing speed allow creation modern cultivars that more resilient to high temperatures. Collectively, these will shorten create release novel varieties meet growing demands productivity quality. This review discusses effects heat vegetables highlights recent research focus how genome produce temperature-resilient efficiently faster.

Language: Английский

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Temperature‐smart plants: A new horizon with omics‐driven plant breeding

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 176(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract The adverse effects of mounting environmental challenges, including extreme temperatures, threaten the global food supply due to their impact on plant growth and productivity. Temperature extremes disrupt genetics, leading significant issues eventually damaging phenotypes. Plants have developed complex signaling networks respond tolerate temperature stimuli, genetic, physiological, biochemical, molecular adaptations. In recent decades, omics tools other strategies rapidly advanced, offering crucial insights a wealth information about how plants adapt stress. This review explores potential an integrated omics‐driven approach understanding temperatures. By leveraging cutting‐edge methods, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, miRNAomics, epigenomics, phenomics, ionomics, alongside power machine learning speed breeding data, we can revolutionize practices. These advanced techniques offer promising pathway developing climate‐proof varieties that withstand fluctuations, addressing increasing demand for high‐quality in face changing climate.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing metabolomics for enhanced crop drought tolerance

The Crop Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Transcriptional engineering for value enhancement of oilseed crops: a forward perspective

Frontiers in Genome Editing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Plant-derived oils provide 20%-35% of dietary calories and are a primary source essential omega-6 (linoleic) omega-3 (α-linolenic) fatty acids. While traditional breeding has significantly increased yields in key oilseed crops like soybean, sunflower, canola, peanut, cottonseed, overall gains have plateaued over the past few decades. Oilseed also experience substantial yield losses both prime marginal agricultural areas due to biotic abiotic stresses shifting agro-climates. Recent genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomics research expanded our understanding genetic physiological control acid biosynthesis composition. Many species inherent stress-combating mechanisms, including transcription factor regulation. Advances genome editing tools CRISPR/Cas9 offer precise modifications, targeting factors binding sites enhance desirable traits, such as nutritional profile chemical composition This review explores application improvement, covering recent progress, challenges, future potential boost oil content. These advancements could play transformative role developing resilient, nutritious crop varieties for sustainable food security changing climate.

Language: Английский

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