Unlocking the Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 29(3)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are micro‐nanoscale biological particles encapsulated by phospholipid bilayers, which regulate cell migration, angiogenesis and tumour growth transmitting various biomolecules such as nucleic acids proteins. EVs composed of exosomes, microparticles apoptotic bodies. Its benefits pass through biofilms not degraded enzymes, so it can be used a biomarker in potential diseases has attracted much attention from researchers. Current studies have found that involved the development cardiovascular (CVD), heart failure myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. In addition, stem cell‐derived play an important role diagnosis treatment variety CVD. this review, we present features EVs, CVD, challenges they encounter

Language: Английский

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Acute myeloid leukemia-derived extracellular vesicles induced DNA methylation changes responsible for inflammatory program in normal hematopoietic stem progenitor cells

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 10, 2025

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) cells communicate with surrounding normal cells, including hematopoietic stem progenitor (HSPCs), in the bone marrow, and modify their fate supporting tumor growth. This communication can be mediated by Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), small vectors carrying a range of molecular information. One hallmarks AML is aberrant DNA methylation. It not known if how epigenomic profile healthy HSPCs. Here, we investigated methylation HSPCs after exposure to derived-EVs. Cord blood derived-HSPCs were treated cell line derived-EVs for 20 hours then was analyzed array. We cross-referenced differential methylated genes (dmGs) expressed (deGs) obtained gene expression same EV treated-HSPCs. Gene ontology performed on dmGs deGs. To confirm some genes, digital PCR applied. AML-EVs induced changes short time exposure, showing 110-890 dmGs. In particular, reported hypo-methylation both promoter body regions. DmGs showed an enrichment immunological processes, inflammation, movement pathways. The intersection between deGs identified common DSE, SEMA4A, NFKB1 MTSS1, whose over-expression could associated body, other ones, such as SLA CUTA down-expression hypo-methylated promoter. These involved NF-kB pathway, interleukin mediate Toll like receptor signaling and, note, tumor. study first proof-of-concept that able induce modulating inflammatory processes capable modifying hematopoiesis towards leukemic processes.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing engineered extracellular vesicles for enhanced therapeutic efficacy: advancements in cancer immunotherapy

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44(1)

Published: May 2, 2025

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly engineered variants, have emerged as promising tools in cancer immunotherapy due to their inherent ability modulate immune responses and deliver therapeutic agents with high specificity minimal toxicity. These nanometer-sized vesicles, which include exosomes (Exos) other subtypes, naturally participate intercellular communication are capable of carrying a diverse range bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, RNAs, metabolites. Recent advancements the biogenesis EVs, such strategies modify surface characteristics cargo, significantly expanded potential effective vehicles for targeted therapies. Tailoring contents incorporating immunomodulatory molecules or gene-editing (GETs), has shown outcomes enhancing anti-tumor immunity overcoming immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, optimizing delivery mechanisms, through both passive active targeting strategies, is crucial improving clinical efficacy EV-based This review provides an overview recent developments engineering EVs immunotherapy, focusing on biogenesis, methods content customization, innovations cargo delivery. Additionally, addresses challenges associated translation therapies, issues related scalability, safety, By offering insights into current state field identifying key areas future research, this aims advance application treatment.

Language: Английский

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The proteomic landscape of Toxoplasma gondii extracellular vesicles across diverse host cell types

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 18, 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as powerful tools used by pathogens to manipulate host cells, delivering molecular cargo that rewires cellular processes and the immune response. Toxoplasma gondii, a globally distributed parasite capable of infecting nearly all nucleated animal uses this strategy thrive in diverse species tissue environments. Here, we reveal adaptability T. gondii EVs through proteomic analysis released from tachyzoites cultured four different cell types: human fibroblasts, green monkey kidney epithelial mouse myoblasts porcine intestinal cells. A core set 1,244 proteins was consistently identified across TgEVs, defining conserved signature. Beyond cargo, host-cell specific variation revealed how fine-tunes EV content exploit Functional enrichment analyses roles for TgEVs targeting protein synthesis stress response pathways, with implications evasion infection spread. These findings provide insight into potential role host-pathogen interactions help us understand adaptive strategies survive

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic and pharmacological applications of extracellular vesicles and lipoproteins

British Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 181(23), P. 4733 - 4749

Published: Sept. 20, 2024

Abstract In recent years, various approaches have been undertaken to eliminate lipoproteins co‐isolated with extracellular vesicles, as they were initially regarded contaminating entities. However, novel discoveries are reshaping our perspective. body fluids, these distinct particles not only co‐exist, but also interactions between them likely occur. Extracellular vesicles and can associate each other, share cargo, influence other's functions, jointly a role in the pathomechanisms of diseases. Additionally, their association carries important implications for therapeutic pharmacological aspects lipid‐lowering strategies. lipoprotein may roles elimination other from circulation. The objective this minireview is delve into aspects. Here, we show that under certain physiological pathological conditions, ‘partners’ rather than ‘strangers’ or ‘rivals’.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic mechanisms of alveolar macrophage activation in chemical-induced acute lung injury

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Nov. 8, 2024

Airways, alveoli and the pulmonary tissues are most vulnerable to external environment including occasional deliberate or accidental exposure highly toxic chemical gases. However, there many effective protective mechanisms that maintain integrity of preserve lung function. Alveolar macrophages form first line defense against any pathogen chemical/reactant crosses airway mucociliary barrier reaches alveolar region. Resident activated circulating monocytes infiltrate airspace contribute towards inflammatory reparative responses. Studies on response noxious stimuli rapidly emerging macrophage also being sought as therapeutic target. Here such studies have been reviewed put together for a better understanding role in general particular play pathogenesis disease caused by induced acute injury.

Language: Английский

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Nanopore direct RNA sequencing deciphering the m6A epitranscriptome and its role in the innate immune response of the mussel Mytilus coruscus:a prospective study of RNA modification in marine molluscs

Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 742040 - 742040

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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