From trash to treasure: the role of bacterial extracellular vesicles in gut health and disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Sept. 29, 2023

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) have emerged as critical factors involved in gut health regulation, transcending their traditional roles byproducts of bacterial metabolism. These function cargo carriers and contribute to various aspects intestinal homeostasis, including microbial balance, antimicrobial peptide secretion, physical barrier integrity, immune system activation. Therefore, any imbalance BEV production can cause several gut-related issues infection, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic dysregulation, even cancer. BEVs derived from beneficial or commensal bacteria act potent regulators been implicated maintaining health. They also show promise for future clinical applications vaccine development tumor immunotherapy. This review examines the multifaceted role delves into research directions potential applications.

Language: Английский

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The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Cancer: A Review, With Special Focus on Colorectal Neoplasia and Clostridioides difficile

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 77(Supplement_6), P. S471 - S478

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Abstract The gut microbiome has coevolved with humans to aid in physiologic functions and prevent disease. An increasing prevalence of dysbiosis modern society exists strong linkages multiple disease processes common the developed world. Mechanisms for microbiome-human interactions that impact host homeostasis include bacterial metabolite/toxin production, biofilm formation mucous layer infiltration, immune system modulation. Most this crosstalk occurs at epithelial gut, as such role these induction colorectal cancer—a highly prevalent globally one undergoing significant epidemiologic shifts—is under scrutiny. Although individual bacteria have been hypothesized possible driver organisms oncogenic process, no bacterium definitively identified a causal agent cancer, suggesting lifestyle factors, community interactions, mucosal and/or systemic response may play critical process. Recent evidence emerged implicating ubiquitous human pathogen Clostridioides difficile promoter cancer through chronic toxin-mediated cellular changes. much remains be defined regarding natural history infections caused by its potential oncogenesis, it provides model both microbial whole development cancer.

Language: Английский

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A new frontier in precision medicine: Exploring the role of extracellular vesicles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 174, P. 116443 - 116443

Published: March 20, 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory airway characterized by progressive respiratory difficulties. It has high incidence and disability rate worldwide. However, currently there still lack of highly effective treatment methods for COPD, only symptom relief possible. Therefore, an urgent need to explore new options. Almost all cells can secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), which participate in many physiological activities transporting cargoes are associated with the pathogenesis various diseases. Recently, scholars have extensively studied relationship between COPD EVs, strongly demonstrated significant impact EVs from different sources on occurrence development COPD. good starting point opportunity diagnosis In this review, we mainly describe current mechanisms also diagnosis, prognosis, treatment. At same time, introduce some therapy based EVs. hoped that article provide ideas future research contribute precision medicine.

Language: Английский

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Efficient Isolation of Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) Secreted by Gram-Negative Bacteria via a Novel Gradient Filtration Method

Membranes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 135 - 135

Published: June 6, 2024

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) secreted by Gram-negative bacteria are referred to as outer membrane (OMVs) because they originate in the membrane. OMVs membrane-coated 20–250 nm size. They contain lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other substances derived from their parent participate transmission of information host cells. have broad prospects terms potential application fields adjuvants, vaccines, drug delivery vehicles. Currently, there remains a lack efficient convenient methods isolate OMVs, which greatly limits OMV-related research. In this study, we developed fast, convenient, low-cost gradient filtration method separate that can achieve industrial-scale production while maintaining biological activity isolated OMVs. We compared with traditional ultracentrifugation probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) bacteria. Then, used RAW264.7 macrophages an vitro model study influence on immune function EcN-derived obtained through method. Our results indicated were efficiently using our The level OMV enrichment via was about twice achieved ultracentrifugation. enriched successfully taken up induced them secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines such tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) interleukins (ILs) 6 1β, well anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, more response (i.e., IL-10) than TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β). These consistent those reported literature. related literature could induce stronger responses macrophages. simple novel separation may therefore promising applications involving

Language: Английский

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Lipopolysaccharide Imprinted Polymers for Specific Recognition of Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles

Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(49), P. 19803 - 19811

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted by bacteria are emerging diagnostic markers for bacterial infection or disease detection due to their carriage of various signaling molecules. However, actual biological samples patients extremely complex, and applying OMVs clinical diagnosis remains a major challenge. One the challenges is that there still great difficulties in enrichment including tedious steps lower concentration. And some commonly used exosome methods, such as ultracentrifugation, have shortcomings. Herein, we introduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) efficient capturing analyzing OMVs, enabling novel approach based on biorecognition materials. LPS, unique structure Gram-negative bacteria, also widely expressed surface which will form cyclic hydrogen bonds with functional monomers MIP affinity interactions. The prepared efficiently can isolate from 100 μL culture broth via specific LPS less than 40 min recovery rate over 95%. Moreover, exhibits good reusability, almost identical performance after 5 repeated cycles, contributing reducing experimental costs both time economy. captured be detected using Western blotting target protein antibodies combination proteomic analysis, providing biomarker platform early diagnosis.

Language: Английский

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