Gut Microbiota Modulation Through Mediterranean Diet Foods: Implications for Human Health

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 948 - 948

Published: March 8, 2025

The Mediterranean diet (MD) is widely recognized for its health benefits, particularly in modulating gut microbiota composition and reducing the risk of metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases. Characterized by a high intake plant-based foods, monounsaturated fats, polyphenols, primarily from extra virgin olive oil, MD fosters growth beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia, which produce short-chain fatty acids that enhance barrier integrity, reduce inflammation, improve metabolic homeostasis. Clinical preclinical studies have proved associated with increased microbial diversity, reduced pro-inflammatory bacteria, improved markers insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, cognitive function. Additionally, positively influences various conditions, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, potentially mitigating systemic inflammation enhancing neuroprotective mechanisms. Emerging evidence suggests variants, Green-MD, their integration probiotics can further optimize parameters. While impact on overall well supported, long-term clinical trials are needed to better understand individual variability dietary interventions tailored different populations.

Language: Английский

---

Nutrient acquisition strategies by gut microbes

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(6), P. 863 - 874

Published: June 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Metagenomic symphony of the intestinal ecosystem: How the composition affects the mind

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Fructose catabolism and its metabolic effects: Exploring host–microbiota interactions and the impact of ethnicity

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Important health disparities are observed in the prevalence of obesity and associated non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including type 2 diabetes (T2D) metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) among ethnic groups. Yet, underlying factors accounting for these remain poorly understood. Fructose has been widely proposed as a potential mediator NCDs, given that hepatic fructose catabolism can result deleterious effects, insulin resistance steatosis. Moreover, fermentation by gut microbiota produce metabolites such ethanol acetate, both which serve substrates de novo lipogenesis (DNL) could therefore contribute to development conditions. Significant inter-ethnic differences composition have observed. consumption varies across groups, intake demonstrated significantly alter composition, influence its fermenting properties effects. Therefore, may be influenced variations consumption, disparities. This review provides an overview complex interactions between host microbial catabolism, role ethnicity shaping processes their impact on health. Understanding provide insights into mechanisms driving improve personalized nutrition strategies. KEY POINTS: Dietary increased substantially over recent decades, with rising (NCDs) disease. Pronounced different groups NCD dietary underscore need elucidate Together well-known toxic effects emerging evidence highlights small intestinal sugars like various bacterial products There significant that, combined varying mediate To comprehensively understand mediating fructose-induced adverse future research should focus microbiota. Future - account habits mentioned

Language: Английский

---

The microbiome and metabolome modulating activity of dietary cholesterol: Insight from the small and large intestine

Food & Function, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 1872 - 1887

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Dietary cholesterol alters the composition, metabolites, and pro-inflammatory capacity of both large small intestinal microbiota.

Language: Английский

---

Comparative Analysis of Amino Acid Auxotrophies and Peptidase Profiles in Non-Dysbiotic and Dysbiotic Small Intestinal Microbiomes

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27, P. 821 - 831

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) is linked to various diseases and has been associated with altered serum amino acid levels. However, the direct role of gut microbiome in these changes remains unconfirmed. This study employs genome-scale metabolic modeling predict auxotrophy peptidase gene profiles small intestinal microbiomes SIBO non-SIBO subjects. Auxotrophy were further examined large under non-dysbiotic conditions assess their similarity microbial profile. Our analysis revealed that abundance auxotrophic bacteria higher microbiota intestine than controls. In patients SIBO, auxotrophies decreased compared Peptidase individuals distinct between microbiomes, fewer extracellular genes microbiomes. increased Further, there more significant associations intestine. conclusion, distinct. shifts towards a state resembling intestine, particularly its genes. highlights potential identifying disruptions which could inform development targeted interventions.

Language: Английский

---

Lipid Shape as a Membrane Activity Modulator of a Fusogenic Antimicrobial Peptide

Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 20, 2025

An intriguing feature of many bacterial membranes is their prevalence non-bilayer-forming lipids, such as the cone-shaped phosphatidylethanolamines and cardiolipins. Many membrane-active antimicrobial peptides lower bilayer-to-hexagonal phase transition energy barrier in containing types lipids. Here, we systematically studied how molecular shape lipids affects activity peptide EcDBS1R4, which known to be an efficient fusogenic peptide. Using coarse-grained dynamics simulations, show ability EcDBS1R4 form "hourglass-shaped" pores, inhibited by The abundance further correlates with propensity this oligomerize preferentially antiparallel dimers. We also observe that promotes segregation anionic When coupled dimerization, charge leads regions bilayer are devoid rich zwitterionic Our results indicate a protective role against pore-mediated permeabilization EcDBS1R4.

Language: Английский

---

A Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genetic locus encodes activities consistent with mucin O-glycoprotein processing and N-acetylgalactosamine metabolism

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 12, 2025

Abstract The gut microbiota is a key modulator of human health and the status major diseases including cancer, diabetes inflammatory bowel disease. Central to survival ability metabolise complex dietary host-derived glycans, intestinal mucins. prominent microbe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. theta) versatile highly efficient glycan degrader thanks expansion gene clusters termed polysaccharide utilisation loci (PULs). While mechanism action for several singular glycan-induced PULs have been elucidated, studies on unusually high number mucin-inducible in B. theta significantly lag behind. Here we show that mucin inducible PUL BT4240-50 encodes activities consistent with processing metabolism O -glycoproteins their core sugar N -acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). was also shown be important competitive growth mucins vitro, encoding kinase (BT4240) critical GalNAc metabolism. Additionally, BT4240-kinase essential glycosaminoglycan metabolism, extending function beyond These data advance our understanding glycoprotein at mucosal surfaces, highlighting as metabolite microbial gut.

Language: Английский

---

IgA and the gut-vagina axis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 17, 2025

Language: Английский

---

How to Study the Effects of Dietary Lipids on the Small Intestinal Microbiome? Methodological Design and Evaluation of the Human TAPIR Proof-of-Concept Study

Current Developments in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 104564 - 104564

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Emerging evidence highlights the importance of small intestinal microbiota in digestion and metabolism, underscoring challenging need for human studies beyond fecal analyses. The TAPIR (acronym "healthy fat, happy microbiome") proof-of-concept study was primarily designed to confirm interaction between dietary lipids healthy adults with a challenge test. We also aimed assess impact plant-based mild-ketogenic preconditioning diet on microbiome composition function. Here, we comprehensively describe our extensive protocol evaluate execution. Participants consumed an 8-day diet, followed by high-fat shake test day 9. During this test, fasting postprandial aspirates were collected every 20 min via naso-intestinal catheter, blood samples hourly. ingested intestine aspiration capsules before (day 0), 6 during Dietary compliance, capsule retrieval, sample collection, stool pattern, gastrointestinal complaints monitored Twenty mean age 48 y (19-88 y) body mass index (BMI) 24.3 kg/m2 (19.5-30 kg/m2) 96% compliance. There no significant changes patterns study. Mean retrieval rate 94.7%, weights per timepoint 84.2 95.4 mg median transit times 32.8 49.3 h. average success aspirate collection catheter 49%, varying significantly time points. intervention successful well-tolerated. sampled catheters, each its own (dis)advantages. comprehensive description evaluation execution offer practical insights supporting future designs food-microbe interactions intestine.The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT06064266.

Language: Английский

---