Sex Differences in Remote Contextual Fear Generalization in Mice

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 22, 2019

The generalization of fear is adaptive in that it allows an animal to respond appropriately novel threats are not identical previous experiences. In contrast, the overgeneralization maladaptive and a hallmark post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychiatric illness characterized by chronic symptomatology higher incidence women compared men. Therefore, understanding neural basis at remote time-points female animals particular translational relevance. However, our neurobiology largely restricted studies employing male mice focusing on recent (i.e., within 24-48 h following conditioning). To address these limitations, we examined how generalize contextual time intervals 3 weeks after agreement with earlier proximal time-points, find test order training contexts critical determinant context discrimination, particularly for mice. tactile elements present during conditioning more salient Our study highlights long-term sex differences defensive behavior between may provide insight into processing retrieval memory observed humans.

Language: Английский

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Prefrontal–hippocampal interaction during the encoding of new memories

Brain and Neuroscience Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4, P. 239821282092558 - 239821282092558

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

The hippocampus rapidly forms associations among ongoing events as they unfold and later instructs the gradual stabilisation of their memory traces in neocortex. Although this two-stage model consolidation has gained substantial empirical support, parallel evidence from rodent studies suggests that neocortex, particular medial prefrontal cortex, might work concert with during encoding new experiences. This opinion article first summarises findings behavioural, electrophysiological, molecular rodents uncovered immediate changes synaptic connectivity neural selectivity cortex shortly after novel Based on these findings, I then propose a positing use different strategies to encode information experiences, leading formation complementary two regions. captures moment-to-moment incoming inputs accurate spatial temporal contexts, whereas may sort based similarity integrates them over time. These processes pattern recognition integration enable to, real time, capture central content experience emit relevancy signal helps enhance contrast between relevant incidental features experience. hypothesis serves framework for future investigations potential top-down modulation exert selective, perhaps more intelligent information.

Language: Английский

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The Mechanical Basis of Memory – the MeshCODE Theory

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 25, 2021

One of the major unsolved mysteries biological science concerns question where and in what form information is stored brain. I propose that memory brain a mechanically encoded binary format written into conformations proteins found cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesions organise each every synapse. The MeshCODE framework outlined here represents unifying theory data storage animals, providing read-write both dynamic persistent format. Mechanosensitive contain force-dependent switches can store persistently, which be or updated using small changes mechanical force. These mechanosensitive proteins, such as talin, scaffold synapse, creating meshwork together code, so-called MeshCODE. Large signalling complexes assemble on these scaffolds function switch patterns would stabilise coordinate synaptic regulators to dynamically tune activity. Synaptic transmission action potential spike trains operate cytoskeletal machinery write update MeshCODEs, thereby propagating this coding throughout organism. Based established biophysical principles, basis for provide physical location brain, with patterns, information-storing molecules scaffolds, them, representing engrams. Furthermore, conversion sensory temporal inputs constitute an addressable system, supporting view mind organic supercomputer.

Language: Английский

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Dendritic Spine Initiation in Brain Development, Learning and Diseases and Impact of BAR-Domain Proteins

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. 2392 - 2392

Published: Sept. 12, 2021

Dendritic spines are small, bulbous protrusions along neuronal dendrites where most of the excitatory synapses located. spine density in normal human brain increases rapidly before and after birth achieving highest around 2–8 years. Density decreases during adolescence, reaching a stable level adulthood. The changes dendritic considered structural correlates for synaptic plasticity as well basis experience-dependent remodeling circuits. Alterations correspond to aberrant function observed various neurodevelopmental neuropsychiatric disorders. initiation affects density. In this review, we discuss importance development, learning, potential complications resulting from altered neurological diseases. Current literature shows that two Bin Amphiphysin Rvs (BAR) domain-containing proteins, MIM/Mtss1 SrGAP3, involved initiation. We review existing open databases whether other BAR-domain proteins could also take part Finally, molecular mechanisms on how regulate

Language: Английский

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Understanding the dynamic and destiny of memories

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 125, P. 592 - 607

Published: March 12, 2021

Language: Английский

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