The Effects of Light and the Circadian System on Rhythmic Brain Function

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 2778 - 2778

Published: March 3, 2022

Life on earth has evolved under the influence of regularly recurring changes in environment, such as 24 h light/dark cycle. Consequently, organisms have developed endogenous clocks, generating (circadian) rhythms that serve to anticipate these rhythmic changes. In addition circadian rhythms, which persist constant conditions and can be entrained environmental light drives behavior brain function, especially nocturnal laboratory rodents. recent decades, research made great advances elucidation molecular clockwork perception. This review summarizes role clock with a focus complex interaction between different components mammalian system. Furthermore, chronodisruption consequence at night, genetic manipulation, neurodegenerative diseases is briefly discussed.

Language: Английский

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Developmental Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence on Children

Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 303 - 329

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

Numerous studies associate childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) with adverse adjustment in the domains of mental health, social, and academic functioning. This review synthesizes this literature highlights critical role child self-regulation mediating children's outcomes. We discuss major methodological problems field, including failure consider effects prenatal IPV limitations variable-oriented cross-sectional approaches. Finally, we present a comprehensive theoretical model on development. includes three mechanistic pathways-one that is unique (maternal representations) two are consistent other stressors health physiological functioning). In our model, these pathways outcomes mediated through parenting self-regulation. Future research directions clinical implications discussed context model.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Genetic Counseling on Reducing Prenatal Stress and Autism Rates in the Asia-Pacific Region

Advances in healthcare information systems and administration book series, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 341 - 363

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and narrow interests. People with ASD often experience additional mental health issues such as depression anxiety. While genetics have long been considered significant factor the development of ASD, recent research indicates that interplay between genes environment crucial understanding its underlying causes. This chapter aims to discuss relationship prenatal stress characteristics countries within Asia-Pacific region. The findings indicate connection traits China, South Korea, Japan. Further investigation required fully comprehend specific mechanisms involved this relationship. Genetic consultation can provide insights into potential risk factors, genetic counseling, guidance on personalized interventions.

Language: Английский

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Human cortical neurogenesis is altered via glucocorticoid-mediated regulation of ZBTB16 expression

Neuron, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(9), P. 1426 - 1443.e11

Published: March 4, 2024

Glucocorticoids are important for proper organ maturation, and their levels tightly regulated during development. Here, we use human cerebral organoids mice to study the cell-type-specific effects of glucocorticoids on neurogenesis. We show that increase a specific type basal progenitors (co-expressing PAX6 EOMES) has been shown contribute cortical expansion in gyrified species. This effect is mediated via transcription factor ZBTB16 leads increased production neurons. A phenome-wide Mendelian randomization analysis an enhancer variant moderates glucocorticoid-induced reveals causal relationships with higher educational attainment altered brain structure. The relationship postnatal cognition also supported by data from prospective pregnancy cohort study. work provides cellular molecular pathway neurogenesis relates lasting phenotypes.

Language: Английский

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Cell-Type-Specific Impact of Glucocorticoid Receptor Activation on the Developing Brain: A Cerebral Organoid Study

American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 179(5), P. 375 - 387

Published: Oct. 26, 2021

A fine-tuned balance of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation is essential for organ formation, with disturbances influencing many health outcomes. In utero, glucocorticoids have been linked to brain-related negative outcomes, unclear underlying mechanisms, especially regarding cell-type-specific effects. An in vitro model fetal human brain development, induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cerebral organoids, was used test whether organoids are suitable studying the impact prenatal exposure on developing brain.The GR activated synthetic dexamethasone, and effects were mapped using single-cell transcriptomics across development.The expressed all types, increasing expression levels through development. Not only did its elicit translocation nucleus expected known GR-regulated pathways, but also neurons progenitor cells showed targeted regulation differentiation- maturation-related transcripts. Uniquely neurons, differentially transcripts significantly enriched genes associated behavior-related phenotypes disorders. This neuronal response profile validated from three independent hiPSC lines reprogrammed different source tissues both male female donors.These findings suggest that excessive could interfere maturation leading increased disease susceptibility neurodevelopmental processes at interface genetic environmental exposure. Cerebral a valuable translational resource exploring early

Language: Английский

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Prenatal psychological or metabolic stress increases the risk for psychiatric disorders: the “funnel effect” model

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 136, P. 104624 - 104624

Published: March 15, 2022

Adverse stressful experiences in utero can redirect fetal brain development, ultimately leading to increased risk for psychiatric disorders. Obesity during pregnancy have similar effects as maternal stress, affecting mental health the offspring. In order explain how outcomes may originate from different prenatal conditions, we propose a "funnel effect" model whereby psychological or metabolic stress triggers same evolutionarily conserved response pathways, increasing vulnerability psychopathology. this context, placenta, which is main mother-fetus interface, appears facilitate such convergence, re-directing "stress" signals fetus. Characterizing converging pathways activated by adverse environmental conditions fundamental assess emergence of signatures major disorders, might enable preventive measures populations, and open up new diagnostics, potentially therapeutic approaches disease prevention promotion already pregnancy.

Language: Английский

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In vitro modeling of the neurobiological effects of glucocorticoids: A review

Neurobiology of Stress, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23, P. 100530 - 100530

Published: Feb. 23, 2023

Hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA)axis dysregulation has long been implicated in stress-related disorders such as major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are released from the glands a result of HPA-axis activation. The release GCs is with several neurobiological changes that associated negative consequences chronic onset course psychiatric disorders. Investigating underlying effects may help to better understand pathophysiology impact plethora neuronal processes at genetic, epigenetic, cellular, molecular levels. Given scarcity difficulty accessing human brain samples, 2D 3D vitro cultures becoming increasingly useful studying GC effects. In this review, we provide an overview studies investigating on key proliferation survival progenitor cells, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, activity, inflammation, genetic vulnerability, epigenetic alterations. Finally, discuss challenges field offer suggestions for improving use models investigate

Language: Английский

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Maternal respiratory viral infections during pregnancy and offspring’s neurodevelopmental outcomes: A systematic review

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 149, P. 105178 - 105178

Published: April 12, 2023

Maternal infections during pregnancy, as cytomegalovirus and zika, have been consistently associated with severe newborn neurodevelopmental conditions, mainly related to vertical transmission congenital infection. However, little is known about the consequences of maternal respiratory viral infections, which are most prevalent pregnancy. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has increased interest in understanding offspring's development. This systematic review explores whether gestational deviations children below 10 years-old. search was conducted Pubmed, PsychInfo Web Science databases. 13 articles were revised, including information infection (Influenza, SARS-CoV-2 unspecified infections) neurodevelopment (global development, specific functions, temperament behavioral/emotional aspects). Controversial results reported regarding pregnancy infants' neurodevelopment. seem be subtle alterations some developmental subdomains, early motor attentional, minor problems. Further studies needed determine impact other psychosocial confounding factors.

Language: Английский

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Maternal Resveratrol Supplementation Attenuates Prenatal Stress Impacts on Anxiety- and Depressive-like Behaviors by Regulating Bdnf Transcripts Expression in the Brains of Adult Male Offspring Rats

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 210 - 210

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Prenatal stress has been reported to harm the physiological and biochemical functions of brain offspring, potentially resulting in anxiety- depression-like behaviors later life. Trans-Resveratrol (RESV) is known for its anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, antidepressant properties. However, whether administering RESV during pregnancy can counteract induced by maternal unknown. This study aimed assess protective potential against molecular behavioral changes prenatal stress. During pregnancy, dams received 50 mg/kg BW/day orally. They underwent a movement restriction forty-five minutes, three times day, addition being exposed artificial light 24 h before delivery. The male offspring were left undisturbed until early adulthood, at which point they assessments, including open field test, elevated plus maze, forced swim test. Subsequently, euthanized, hippocampus prefrontal cortex extracted RT-qPCR analysis measure Bdnf mRNA expression. By weaning, results showed that led reduced weight gain and, increased these effects attenuated supplementation. findings suggest prevent modulating

Language: Английский

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One-step preparation of functional groups-rich graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes nanocomposite for efficient magnetic solid phase extraction of glucocorticoids in environmental waters

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 406, P. 126785 - 126785

Published: Aug. 28, 2020

Language: Английский

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