Preserved neural dynamics across animals performing similar behaviour

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 623(7988), P. 765 - 771

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

Abstract Animals of the same species exhibit similar behaviours that are advantageously adapted to their body and environment. These shaped at level by selection pressures over evolutionary timescales. Yet, it remains unclear how these common behavioural adaptations emerge from idiosyncratic neural circuitry each individual. The overall organization circuits is preserved across individuals 1 because evolutionarily specified developmental programme 2–4 . Such circuit may constrain activity 5–8 , leading low-dimensional latent dynamics population 9–11 Accordingly, here we suggested shared circuit-level constraints within a would lead suitably individuals. We analysed recordings populations monkey mouse motor cortex demonstrate in surprisingly when they perform behaviour. Neural were also animals consciously planned future movements without overt behaviour 12 enabled decoding ongoing movement different Furthermore, found extend beyond cortical regions dorsal striatum, an older structure 13,14 Finally, used network models similarity necessary but not sufficient for this preservation. posit emergent result on brain development thus reflect fundamental properties basis

Language: Английский

---

Interfacing with the Brain: How Nanotechnology Can Contribute

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 10, 2025

Interfacing artificial devices with the human brain is central goal of neurotechnology. Yet, our imaginations are often limited by currently available paradigms and technologies. Suggestions for brain-machine interfaces have changed over time, along technology. Mechanical levers cable winches were used to move parts during mechanical age. Sophisticated electronic wiring remote control arisen age, ultimately leading plug-and-play computer interfaces. Nonetheless, brains so complex that these visions, until recently, largely remained unreachable dreams. The general problem, thus far, most technology mechanically and/or electrically engineered, whereas a living, dynamic entity. As result, worlds difficult interface one another. Nanotechnology, which encompasses engineered solid-state objects integrated circuits, excels at small length scales single few hundred nanometers and, thus, matches sizes biomolecules, biomolecular assemblies, cells. Consequently, we envision nanomaterials nanotools as opportunities in alternative ways. Here, review existing literature on use nanotechnology look forward discussing perspectives limitations based authors' expertise across range complementary disciplines─from neuroscience, engineering, physics, chemistry biology medicine, science mathematics, social jurisprudence. We focus but also include information from related fields when useful complementary.

Language: Английский

---

Reward signals in the motor cortex: from biology to neurotechnology

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Over the past decade, research has shown that primary motor cortex (M1), brain's main output for movement, also responds to rewards. These reward signals may shape in its final stages, influencing movement invigoration and learning. In this Perspective, we highlight functional roles of M1 propose how they could guide advances neurotechnologies restoration, specifically brain-computer interfaces non-invasive brain stimulation. Understanding open new avenues enhancing control rehabilitation. The (M1) not only drives but authors discuss M1's transform like stimulation recovery.

Language: Английский

---

A neural implementation model of feedback-based motor learning

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Abstract Animals use feedback to rapidly correct ongoing movements in the presence of a perturbation. Repeated exposure predictable perturbation leads behavioural adaptation that compensates for its effects. Here, we tested hypothesis all processes necessary motor may emerge as properties controller adaptively updates policy. We trained recurrent neural network control own output through an error-based signal, which allowed it counteract external perturbations. Implementing biologically plausible plasticity rule based on this same signal enabled learn compensate persistent perturbations trial-by-trial process. The activity changes during learning matched those from populations neurons monkey primary cortex — known mediate both movement correction and task. Furthermore, our model natively reproduced several key aspects studies humans monkeys. Thus, features can arise internal circuit controls feedback.

Language: Английский

---

Nonlinear manifolds underlie neural population activity during behaviour

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 19, 2023

There is rich variety in the activity of single neurons recorded during behaviour. Yet, these diverse neuron responses can be well described by relatively few patterns neural co-modulation. The study such low-dimensional structure population has provided important insights into how brain generates Virtually all studies have used linear dimensionality reduction techniques to estimate population-wide co-modulation patterns, constraining them a flat “neural manifold”. Here, we hypothesised that since nonlinear and make thousands distributed recurrent connections likely amplify nonlinearities, manifolds should intrinsically nonlinear. Combining recordings from monkey, mouse, human motor cortex, mouse striatum, show that: 1) are nonlinear; 2) their nonlinearity becomes more evident complex tasks require varied patterns; 3) manifold varies across architecturally distinct regions. Simulations using network models confirmed proposed relationship between circuit connectivity nonlinearity, including differences Thus, underlying generation behaviour inherently nonlinear, properly accounting for nonlinearities will critical as neuroscientists move towards studying numerous regions involved increasingly naturalistic behaviours.

Language: Английский

---

Hierarchical action encoding in prefrontal cortex of freely moving macaques

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(9), P. 113091 - 113091

Published: Aug. 31, 2023

Our natural behavioral repertoires include coordinated actions of characteristic types. To better understand how neural activity relates to the expression and action switches, we studied macaques performing a freely moving foraging task in an open environment. We developed novel analysis pipeline that can identify meaningful units behavior, corresponding recognizable such as sitting, walking, jumping, climbing. On basis transition probabilities between these actions, found behavior is organized modular hierarchical fashion. that, after regressing out many potential confounders, are associated with specific patterns firing each six prefrontal brain regions overall, encoding category progressively stronger more dorsal caudal regions. Together, results establish link selection primate on one hand neuronal other.

Language: Английский

---

A review of combined functional neuroimaging and motion capture for motor rehabilitation

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Abstract Background Technological advancements in functional neuroimaging and motion capture have led to the development of novel methods that facilitate diagnosis rehabilitation motor deficits. These allow for synchronous acquisition analysis complex signal streams neurophysiological data (e.g., EEG, fNIRS) behavioral capture). The fusion those has potential provide new insights into cortical mechanisms during movement, guide practices, become a tool assessment therapy neurorehabilitation. Research objective This paper aims review existing literature on combined use rehabilitation. is understand diversity maturity technological solutions employed explore clinical advantages this multimodal approach. Methods reviews related following PRISMA guidelines. Besides study participant characteristics, aspects used systems, processing methods, nature feature synchronization were extracted. Results Out 908 publications, 19 included final review. Basic or translation studies mainly represented based predominantly healthy participants stroke patients. EEG mechanical technologies most biomechanical acquisition, their subsequent traditional methods. system techniques at large underreported. features supported identification movement-related activity, statistical occasionally examine cortico-kinematic relationships. Conclusion might offer future. facilitating cognitive processes real-world settings, it could also improve rehabilitative devices’ usability environments. Further, by better understanding cortico-peripheral coupling, neuro-rehabilitation can be developed, such as personalized proprioceptive training. However, further research needed advance our knowledge cortical-peripheral evaluate validity reliability parameters, enhance user-friendly adaptation.

Language: Английский

---

Biomimetic versus arbitrary motor control strategies for bionic hand skill learning

Nature Human Behaviour, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. 1108 - 1123

Published: March 18, 2024

Abstract A long-standing engineering ambition has been to design anthropomorphic bionic limbs: devices that look like and are controlled in the same way as biological body (biomimetic). The untested assumption is biomimetic motor control enhances device embodiment, learning, generalization automaticity. To test this, we compared non-biomimetic strategies for non-disabled participants when learning a wearable myoelectric hand operated by an eight-channel electromyography pattern-recognition system. We across days behavioural tasks two training groups: (mimicking desired gesture with hand) arbitrary (mapping unrelated gesture). For both trained groups, improved limb control, reduced cognitive reliance increased embodiment over hand. Biomimetic users had more intuitive faster early training. Arbitrary matched performance later Furthermore, showed new strategy. Collectively, our findings suggest provide different benefits. optimal strategy probably not strictly biomimetic, but rather flexible within biomimetic-to-arbitrary spectrum, depending on user, available opportunities user requirements.

Language: Английский

---

Dissociable use-dependent processes for volitional goal-directed reaching

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 289(1973)

Published: April 27, 2022

Repetition of specific movement biases subsequent actions towards the practiced movement, a phenomenon known as use-dependent learning (UDL). Recent experiments that impose strict constraints on planning time have revealed two sources biases, one arising from dynamic changes occurring during motor and another reflecting stable shift in execution. Here, we used distributional analysis to examine contribution these reaching. To create conditions for UDL, target appeared at designated ‘frequent’ location most trials, six ‘rare’ locations other trials. Strikingly, heading angles were bimodally distributed, with peaks both frequent rare locations. Despite having no time, participants exhibited robust bias when movements self-initiated quickly, signature bias; notably, peak near was shifted frequently direction, an execution bias. Furthermore, not only replicated delayed-response task but also insensitive reward. Taken together, results extend our understanding how volitional are influenced by recent experience.

Language: Английский

---

Advanced Electrode Technologies for Noninvasive Brain–Computer Interfaces

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(24), P. 24487 - 24513

Published: Dec. 8, 2023

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their potential applications medical, assistive, and communication technologies. Building on this, noninvasive BCIs stand out as they provide a safe user-friendly method for interacting with the human brain. In this work, we comprehensive overview of latest developments advancements material, design, application electrode technology. We also explore challenges limitations currently faced by BCI technology sketch technological roadmap from three dimensions: Materials Design; Performances; Mode Function. aim unite research efforts within field technology, focusing consolidation shared goals fostering integrated development strategies among diverse array multidisciplinary researchers.

Language: Английский

---