Organoid intelligence (OI): the new frontier in biocomputing and intelligence-in-a-dish

Frontiers in Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Recent advances in human stem cell-derived brain organoids promise to replicate critical molecular and cellular aspects of learning memory possibly cognition vitro . Coining the term “organoid intelligence” (OI) encompass these developments, we present a collaborative program implement vision multidisciplinary field OI. This aims establish OI as form genuine biological computing that harnesses using scientific bioengineering an ethically responsible manner. Standardized, 3D, myelinated can now be produced with high cell density enriched levels glial cells gene expression for learning. Integrated microfluidic perfusion systems support scalable durable culturing, spatiotemporal chemical signaling. Novel 3D microelectrode arrays permit high-resolution electrophysiological signaling recording explore capacity recapitulate mechanisms formation and, ultimately, their computational potential. Technologies could enable novel biocomputing models via stimulus-response training organoid-computer interfaces are development. We envisage complex, networked whereby connected real-world sensors output devices, ultimately each other sensory organ (e.g. retinal organoids), trained biofeedback, big-data warehousing, machine methods. In parallel, emphasize embedded ethics approach analyze ethical raised by research iterative, manner involving all relevant stakeholders. The many possible applications this urge strategic development discipline. anticipate OI-based allow faster decision-making, continuous during tasks, greater energy data efficiency. Furthermore, “intelligence-in-a-dish” help elucidate pathophysiology devastating developmental degenerative diseases (such dementia), potentially aiding identification therapeutic approaches address major global unmet needs.

Language: Английский

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Where is the error? Hierarchical predictive coding through dendritic error computation

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 46(1), P. 45 - 59

Published: Nov. 18, 2022

Top-down feedback in cortex is critical for guiding sensory processing, which has prominently been formalized the theory of hierarchical predictive coding (hPC). However, experimental evidence error units, are central to theory, inconclusive and it remains unclear how hPC can be implemented with spiking neurons. To address this, we connect existing work on efficient balanced networks lateral inhibition computation at apical dendrites. Together, this points an implementation neurons, where prediction errors computed not separate but locally dendritic compartments. We then discuss correspondence model experimentally observed connectivity patterns, plasticity, dynamics cortex.

Language: Английский

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Neural interfaces: Bridging the brain to the world beyond healthcare

Exploration, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(5)

Published: March 14, 2024

Abstract Neural interfaces, emerging at the intersection of neurotechnology and urban planning, promise to transform how we interact with our surroundings communicate. By recording decoding neural signals, these interfaces facilitate direct connections between brain external devices, enabling seamless information exchange shared experiences. Nevertheless, their development is challenged by complexities in materials science, electrochemistry, algorithmic design. Electrophysiological crosstalk mismatch electrode rigidity tissue flexibility further complicate signal fidelity biocompatibility. Recent closed‐loop brain‐computer while promising for mood regulation cognitive enhancement, are limited accuracy adaptability user interfaces. This perspective outlines challenges discusses progress contrasting non‐invasive invasive approaches, explores dynamics stimulation interfacing. Emphasis placed on applications beyond healthcare, highlighting need implantable high‐resolution capabilities.

Language: Английский

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Prefrontal functional connectivities in autism spectrum disorders: A connectopathic disorder affecting movement, interoception, and cognition

Brain Research Bulletin, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 198, P. 65 - 76

Published: April 21, 2023

The prefrontal cortex is included in a neuronal system that includes the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum. Most of higher more complex motor, cognitive, emotional behavioral functions are thought to be found primarily frontal lobes. Insufficient connectivity between medial (mPFC) other regions brain distant from each involved top-down information processing rely on global integration data multiple input sources enhance low level perception processes (bottom-up processing). reduced deactivation mPFC rest Default Network during task consistent with integrative modulatory role served by mPFC. We stress importance understanding degree which sensory movement anomalies individuals autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can contribute social impairment. Further investigation neurobiological basis symptoms its relationship clinical features ASD required Treatment perhaps should not first behaviorally based but rather facilitating motor development.

Language: Английский

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Structural connections between the noradrenergic and cholinergic system shape the dynamics of functional brain networks

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 260, P. 119455 - 119455

Published: July 7, 2022

Complex cognitive abilities are thought to arise from the ability of brain adaptively reconfigure its internal network structure as a function task demands. Recent work has suggested that this inherent flexibility may in part be conferred by widespread projections ascending arousal systems. While different components system often studied isolation, there anatomical connections between neuromodulatory hubs we hypothesise crucial for mediating key features adaptive dynamics, such balance integration and segregation. To test hypothesis, estimated strength structural connectivity noradrenergic cholinergic systems (the locus coeruleus [LC] nucleus basalis Meynert [nbM], respectively). We then asked whether LC nbM inter-connectivity was related individual differences emergent, dynamical signatures functional measured resting state fMRI data, attractor topography. observed significant positive relationship white-matter extent network-level following BOLD signal peaks relative activity. In addition, individuals with denser streamlines interconnecting also demonstrated heightened shift novel states. These results suggest stronger have greater capacity mediate flexible dynamics required support complex, behaviour. Furthermore, our highlight underlying static can impose some constraints on dynamic brain.

Language: Английский

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A brain-inspired algorithm that mitigates catastrophic forgetting of artificial and spiking neural networks with low computational cost

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(34)

Published: Aug. 25, 2023

Neuromodulators in the brain act globally at many forms of synaptic plasticity, represented as metaplasticity, which is rarely considered by existing spiking (SNNs) and nonspiking artificial neural networks (ANNs). Here, we report an efficient brain-inspired computing algorithm for SNNs ANNs, referred to here neuromodulation-assisted credit assignment (NACA), uses expectation signals induce defined levels neuromodulators selective synapses, whereby long-term potentiation depression are modified a nonlinear manner depending on neuromodulator level. The NACA achieved high recognition accuracy with substantially reduced computational cost learning spatial temporal classification tasks. Notably, was also verified five different class continuous tasks varying degrees complexity, exhibiting markedly mitigated catastrophic forgetting low cost. Mapping weight changes showed that these benefits could be explained sparse targeted modifications attributed expectation-based global neuromodulation.

Language: Английский

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Task-Adaptive Neuromorphic Computing Using Reconfigurable Organic Neuristors with Tunable Plasticity and Logic-in-Memory Operations

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 2301 - 2310

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

The brain's function can be dynamically reconfigured through a unified neuron–synapse architecture, enabling task-adaptive network-level topology for energy-efficient learning and inferencing. Here, we demonstrate an organic neuristor utilizing ferroelectric–electrolyte dielectric interface. This enables tunable short- to long-term plasticity reconfigurable logic-in-memory functions by controlling the interfacial interaction between electrolyte ions ferroelectric dipoles. Notably, short-term of allows power-efficient reservoir computing in edge-computing scenarios, exhibiting impressive recognition accuracy, including images (90.6%) acoustic signals (97.7%). For high-performance tasks, based on operations construct all hardware circuits binarized neural network (BNN) within framework. BNN demonstrates excellent noise tolerance, achieving high accuracies 99.2% 86.4% MNIST CIFAR-10 data sets, respectively. Consequently, our research sheds light development artificial intelligence systems.

Language: Английский

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Artificial neuromodulator–synapse mimicked by a three-terminal vertical organic ferroelectric barristor for fast and energy-efficient neuromorphic computing

Nano Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124, P. 109435 - 109435

Published: March 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances at the Interface of Neuroscience and Artificial Neural Networks

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(45), P. 8514 - 8523

Published: Nov. 9, 2022

Biological neural networks adapt and learn in diverse behavioral contexts. Artificial (ANNs) have exploited biological properties to solve complex problems. However, despite their effectiveness for specific tasks, ANNs are yet realize the flexibility adaptability of cognition. This review highlights recent advances computational experimental research advance our understanding artificial intelligence. In particular, we discuss critical mechanisms from cellular, systems, cognitive neuroscience fields that contributed refining architecture training algorithms ANNs. Additionally, how work used understand neuronal correlates cognition process high throughput data.

Language: Английский

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Adolescent neurodevelopment and psychopathology: The interplay between adversity exposure and genetic risk for accelerated brain ageing

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 60, P. 101229 - 101229

Published: March 15, 2023

In adulthood, stress exposure and genetic risk heighten psychological vulnerability by accelerating neurobiological senescence. To investigate whether molecular brain network maturation processes play a similar role in adolescence, we analysed genetic, as well longitudinal task neuroimaging (inhibitory control, incentive processing) early life adversity (i.e., material deprivation, violence) data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (N = 980, age range: 9–13 years). Genetic was estimated separately for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Alzheimer's Disease (AD), two pathologies linked to allegedly sharing causal connection (MDD-to-AD). Adversity MDD/AD jointly predicted functional segregation patterns suggestive of accelerated (GABA-linked) visual/attentional, but delayed (dopamine [D2]/glutamate [GLU5R]-linked) somatomotor/association system development. A positive relationship between psychopathology emerged only among less vulnerable adolescents, thereby implying that normatively maladaptive neurodevelopmental alterations could foster adjustment more exposed genetically susceptible youths. Transcriptomic analyses suggested sensitivity may underpin joint effect MDD/AD, line with proposed negative emotionality precursor AD, likely account alleged impact MDD on dementia onset.

Language: Английский

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