Cell and Tissue Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: April 25, 2025
Language: Английский
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2117 - 2117
Published: Jan. 20, 2023
Olfactory capacity declines with aging, but increasing evidence shows that smell dysfunction is one of the early signs prodromal neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The study olfactory ability its role in arouses much interest scientific community. In neurology, impairment a potential marker for onset diseases, underlying mechanism poorly understood. loss considered clinical sign early-stage disease disease's progression cognitive impairment. Highlighting importance biological bases molecular pathways could be fundamental to improve neuroprotective therapeutic strategies. We focused on review articles meta-analyses depicted neurobiology olfaction most common tests diseases. addition, we underlined close relationship between deficit due nasal neuroepithelium, which direct extension CNS communication external environment. Neurons, Nose, Neurodegenerative highlights stages when it associated molecular, clinical, neuropathological correlations.
Language: Английский
Citations
49
Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 430 - 430
Published: Jan. 28, 2023
The omicron variant is thought to cause less olfactory dysfunction than previous variants of SARS-CoV-2, but the reported prevalence differs greatly between populations and studies. Our systematic review meta-analysis provide information regarding regional differences in as well an estimate global based on 62 studies reporting 626,035 patients infected with variant. omicron-induced European ancestry 11.7%, while it significantly lower all other populations, ranging 1.9% 4.9%. When ethnic population sizes are considered, adults estimated be 3.7%. Omicron's effect olfaction twofold tenfold that alpha or delta according meta-analyses our analysis directly compared variants. profile ethnicities mirrors results a recent genome-wide association study connected gene locus encoding odorant-metabolizing enzyme, UDP glycosyltransferase, extent COVID-19-related loss smell. consistent hypothesis this enzyme contributes observed differences.
Language: Английский
Citations
42
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 8065 - 8065
Published: April 29, 2023
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been responsible for a devastating pandemic since March 2020. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), crucial components in the initiation of innate immune responses to different pathogens, trigger downstream production pro-inflammatory cytokines, interferons, and other mediators. It demonstrated that they contribute dysregulated response observed patients with COVID-19. TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 TLR7 have associated COVID-19 severity. Here, we review role TLRs etiology pathogenesis COVID-19, including TLR3 rare variants, L412F polymorphism negatively regulates anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses, TLR3-related cellular senescence, interaction TLR2 SARS-CoV-2 proteins implication NET formation SARS-CoV-2. The activation contributes viral clearance resolution. However, may represent double-edged sword which elicit signaling, leading proinflammatory mediators, resulting disease. TLR-dependent excessive inflammation antiviral tip balance towards former or latter, altering equilibrium drives severity
Language: Английский
Citations
32
Otolaryngologia Polska, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 78(2), P. 1 - 17
Published: Feb. 23, 2024
<br><b>Introduction:</b> The early detection and diagnosis of dementia are key importance in treatment, slowing disease progression, or suppressing symptoms. possible role changes the sense smell is considered with regard to potential markers for Alzheimer's (AD).</br> <br><b>Materials methods:</b> A literature search was conducted using electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web Science between May 30, 2022 August 2, 2022. term "dementia" searched keyword combinations related olfaction.</br> <br><b>Results:</b> total 1,288 records were identified through database search. Of these articles, 49 ultimately included analysis. results showed as biomarkers AD. Multiple studies have shown that olfactory impairment may be observed patients AD, PD, MCI, other types dementia. Even though tests able detect loss caused by neurodegenerative diseases, they cannot reliably distinguish certain diseases.</br> <br><b>Conclusions:</b> In individuals cognitive assessment has repeatedly been reported used diagnosis, but not differential diagnosis.</br>.
Language: Английский
Citations
7
Current Opinion in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 79, P. 102474 - 102474
Published: April 13, 2024
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of disease 2019, contributes to neurological pathologies in nearly 30% patients, extending beyond symptoms. These manifestations encompass disorders both peripheral and central nervous systems, causing among others cerebrovascular issues psychiatric during and/or post-acute infection phases. Despite ongoing research, uncertainties persist about precise mechanism virus uses infiltrate system involved entry portals. This review discusses potential routes, including hematogenous anterograde transport. Furthermore, we explore variations neurotropism, neurovirulence, pandemic-associated variants concern. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 can infect numerous cells within system, provoke inflammatory responses, induce neuropathological changes.
Language: Английский
Citations
7
Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)
Published: Feb. 11, 2024
Recent literature indicates that post-COVID-19 patients suffer from a plethora of complications, including chemosensory dysfunction. However, little attention has been given to understand the interactions between chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary dysfunctions in these patients. The aims this study were (1) investigate prevalence combinations dysfunctions, (2) identify odorants/tastants are compromised, (3) explore possible associations four One hundred 76 healthy controls (pre-COVID-19) included cross-sectional, case-controlled study. Participants' smell, taste, functions assessed. had significantly higher parosmia (80.0%), hyposmia (42.0%), anosmia (53.0%), dysgeusia (34.0%), complete ageusia (3.0%), specific (27.0%), dysesthesia (11.0%) dry mouth (18.0%) compared (0.0% for all parameters, except 27.6% hyposmia). Complete loss bitter taste was most prevalent (66.7%) coffee common distorted smell (56.4%). Seven different dysfunction observed patients, being combination olfactory gustatory (48.0%). These findings indicate experience range disturbances, occurring various combinations.
Language: Английский
Citations
6
Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)
Published: Aug. 17, 2024
Patients recovering from COVID-19 commonly exhibit cognitive and brain alterations, yet the specific neuropathological mechanisms risk factors underlying these alterations remain elusive. Given significant global incidence of COVID-19, identifying that can distinguish individuals at developing is crucial for prioritizing follow-up care. Here, we report findings a sample patients consisting 73 adults with mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection without signs respiratory failure 27 infections attributed other agents no history COVID-19. The participants underwent screening, decision-making task, MRI evaluations. We assessed presence anosmia requirement hospitalization. Groups did not differ in age or performance. who presented exhibited more impulsive alternative changes after shift probabilities (r = − 0.26, p 0.001), while required hospitalization showed perseverative choices 0.25, 0.003). Anosmia correlated measures, including decreased functional activity during thinning cortical thickness parietal regions, loss white matter integrity. Hence, could be factor considered when at-risk populations follow-up.
Language: Английский
Citations
6
Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 1716 - 1716
Published: May 12, 2023
Cohort studies that quantify volumetric brain data among individuals with different levels of COVID-19 severity are presently limited. It is still uncertain whether there exists a potential correlation between disease and the effects on integrity. Our objective was to assess impact measured volume in patients asymptomatic/mild severe after recovery from infection, compared healthy controls, using artificial intelligence (AI)-based MRI volumetry. A total 155 participants were prospectively enrolled this IRB-approved analysis three cohorts mild course (n = 51, MILD), hospitalised 48, SEV), controls 56, CTL) all undergoing standardised protocol brain. Automated AI-based determination various volumes mL calculation normalised percentiles performed mdbrain software, 3D T1-weighted magnetisation-prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence. The automatically analysed for differences groups. estimated influence demographic/clinical variables determined multivariate analysis. There statistically significant regions groups, even exclusion intensive care, reductions patients, which increased (SEV > MILD mainly affected supratentorial grey matter, frontal parietal lobes, right thalamus. Severe addition established demographic parameters such as age sex, predictor loss upon In conclusion, neocortical degeneration detected who had recovered SARS-CoV-2 infection worsening greater initial affecting fronto-parietal thalamus, regardless ICU treatment. This suggests direct link subsequent atrophy, may have major implications clinical management future cognitive rehabilitation strategies.
Language: Английский
Citations
15
Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14
Published: March 8, 2023
Current approved COVID-19 vaccines, notably mRNA and adenoviral vectored technologies, still fail to fully protect against infection transmission of various SARS-CoV-2 variants. The mucosal immunity at the upper respiratory tract represents first line defense viruses such as is thus critical develop vaccine blocking human-to-human transmission.We measured systemic Immunoglobulin A (IgA) response in serum saliva from 133 healthcare workers Percy teaching military hospital following a mild (SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain, n=58) or not infected (n=75), after vaccination (Vaxzevria®/Astrazeneca and/or Comirnaty®/Pfizer).While anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgA lasted up 16 months post-infection, had mostly fallen baseline level 6 post-infection. Vaccination could reactivate generated by prior infection, but failed induce significant itself. Early post-COVID-19 anti-Spike-NTD titer correlated with seroneutralization titers. Interestingly, its counterpart positively persistent smell taste disorders more than one year COVID-19.As breakthrough infections have been levels, other platforms inducing better are needed control future. Our results encourage further studies explore prognosis potential predicting disorders.
Language: Английский
Citations
14
Published: June 27, 2024
Background Olfactory perception is an important physiological function for the human well-being and health. Loss of olfaction, or anosmia, caused by viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) received a considerable attention especially in persistent cases that take long time to recover. Objectives This review discusses integration different components olfactory epithelium serve structural functional unit, explores how they are affected during infections, leading development dysfunction. Methods The mainly focused on role receptors mediating disruption signal transduction pathways ACE2, TMPRSS2 protease, neuropilin 1 (NRP1), basigin (CD147), olfactory, TRPV1, purinergic, interferon gamma receptors. Furthermore, compromised epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) induced SARS-CoV-2 infection its contribution dysfunction also discussed. Results Collectively, this provides fundamental information about many types may modulate olfaction participate It will help understand underlying pathophysiology virus-induced anosmia which finding designing effective therapies targeting molecules involved invasion olfaction. Conclusion wide complex spectrum mediates reflects ways can be therapeutically managed.
Language: Английский
Citations
5