This
doctoral
thesis
identifies
sex
differences
in
neocortical
astroglial
cells
over
development
and
delineates
the
role
of
masculinizing
hormones
inducing
these
differences.
Furthermore,
we
identify
astroglia
gene
protein
expression
patterns
across
estrous
cycle
adulthood.
Astroglial
have
emerged
as
key
regulators
brain
health
disease,
they
are
involved
various
aspects
neurodevelopment,
including
organization,
synapse
maturation,
blood-brain
barrier
development.
Additionally,
build,
maintain,
regulate
neuronal
networks
through
close
modulation
neurotransmission
synaptic
plasticity
These
studies
utilized
an
Aldh1l1-L10a-eGFP
mouse
line
translating
ribosome
affinity
purification
with
RNA
sequencing
(TRAPseq)
to
investigate
at
six
developmental
time
points
during
four
different
phases
cycle.
We
found
two
distinct
phenotypes:
"early"/developmental
phenotype
a
"late"/mature
phenotype.
Male
mature
more
rapidly,
reaching
by
postnatal
day
7
(P7),
than
female
astroglia,
which
reach
between
P7-P14.
then
investigated
effects
neonatal
administration
estradiol
females,
resulted
changes
rates
maturation.
During
adulthood,
there
were
no
significant
cell
when
females
observed
on
metestrus,
circulating
levels
ovarian
lowest,
however,
cycle,
proestrus
phase
being
most
from
males.
findings
provide
insight
into
suggest
potential
functional
implications
that
may
lead
disparities
neurodevelopmental
psychiatric
disorders.
As
play
crucial
maintaining
structural
integrity
brain,
it
is
understand
how
gonadal
influence
their
differentiation
function.
Further
research
needed
fully
specific
50
mechanisms
underlie
51
contribute
Biological Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
95(5), P. 453 - 464
Published: June 30, 2023
The
transition
from
childhood
to
adolescence
is
characterized
by
enhanced
neural
plasticity
and
a
consequent
susceptibility
both
beneficial
adverse
aspects
of
one's
milieu.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
43(45), P. 7463 - 7471
Published: Nov. 8, 2023
Astrocytes
are
emerging
as
key
regulators
of
cognitive
function
and
behavior.
This
review
highlights
some
the
latest
advances
in
understanding
astrocyte
roles
different
behavioral
domains
across
lifespan
disease.
We
address
specific
molecular
circuit
mechanisms
by
which
astrocytes
modulate
behavior,
discuss
their
functional
diversity
versatility,
highlight
astrocyte-targeted
treatment
strategies
that
might
alleviate
dysfunction
pathologic
conditions.
Converging
evidence
model
systems
manipulations
is
revealing
regulate
processes
a
precise
context-dependent
manner.
Improved
these
astrocytic
functions
may
generate
new
therapeutic
for
various
conditions
with
impairments.
Alzheimer s & Dementia,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 25, 2024
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Electro‐acupuncture
(EA)
has
demonstrated
potential
in
improving
mild‐to‐moderate
dementia
clinics,
but
the
underlying
scientific
target
remains
unclear.
METHODS
EA
was
administered
to
APP/PS1
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
mice,
with
untreated
AD,
and
wild
type
(WT)
mice
serving
as
controls.
The
efficacy
of
assessed
by
Morris
water
maze
cognitive
functional
tests.
Brain
magnetic
resonance
imaging–positron
emission
tomography
(PET)
scans
using
[
18
F]TZ4877
targeting
sphingosine‐1‐phosphate
receptor
1
(S1PR1)
F]AV45
amyloid
beta
fibrils
were
conducted.
correlation
between
regional
brain
PET
quantifications
functions
analyzed.
RESULTS
significantly
improved
memory
AD
(
p
=
0.04)
reduced
uptake
cortex
0.02)
hippocampus
0.03).
Immunofluorescence
confirmed
colocalizations
S1PR1
glial
fibrillary
acidic
protein
ionized
calcium‐binding
adaptor
molecule‐1.
Furthermore,
immunohistochemistry
showed
a
significant
reduction
interleukin
1β
tumor
necrosis
factor
α
after
treatment.
DISCUSSION
may
reverse
suppressing
neuroinflammation,
imaging
seemed
potent
evaluating
treatment
for
patients
Highlights
tests
positron
quantifications.
tracer
used
detect
deposition.
An
increased
found
compared
WT
significance
observed
only
not
hippocampus.
exhibited
trend
toward
mouse
brains
post‐treatment.
However,
statistical
difference
attained
most
regions.
“Baihui
(DU20)
Sishencong
(EX‐HN1)”
0.04).
p(MRI)–positron
revealed
that
0.03)
analyzed
notable
correlations
escape
latency
(reaction
behavior)
volume
distribution
(V
T
)
F]TZ4877.
V
key
regions
ability,
such
hippocampus,
positively
correlated
platform
(cortex
<
0.01,
r
0.7102;
0.6891).
molecule‐1
brain.
And
signals
Immunohistochemistry
reversed
neuroinflammation
promise
pathological
progression
clinical
settings.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 8, 2024
Human
brains
vary
across
people
and
over
time;
such
variation
is
not
yet
understood
in
cellular
terms.
Here
we
describe
a
striking
relationship
between
people's
cortical
neurons
astrocytes.
We
used
single-nucleus
RNA-seq
to
analyze
the
prefrontal
cortex
of
191
human
donors
ages
22-97
years,
including
healthy
individuals
persons
with
schizophrenia.
Latent-factor
analysis
these
data
revealed
that
whose
more
strongly
expressed
genes
for
synaptic
components,
astrocytes
distinct
functions
synthesizing
cholesterol,
an
astrocyte-supplied
component
membranes.
call
this
Synaptic
Neuron-and-Astrocyte
Program
(SNAP).
In
schizophrenia
aging
-
two
conditions
involve
declines
cognitive
flexibility
plasticity
Neurophotonics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(04)
Published: Nov. 15, 2024
Diverse
behaviors
rely
on
coordinated
activity
and
multi-regional
functional
connectivity
within
astrocyte-neuronal
networks.
However,
current
techniques
for
simultaneously
measuring
astrocytic
neuronal
activities
across
multiple
brain
regions
during
remain
limited.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 27, 2023
Abstract
Astrocytes,
dynamic
cells
that
play
a
crucial
role
in
brain
function,
have
traditionally
been
overshadowed
by
the
emphasis
on
neuronal
activity
regulating
behavior.
This
is
part
due
to
lack
of
tools
experimentally
map
and
manipulate
specific
subsets
astrocytes
based
their
functional
activity,
which
hampers
our
understanding
how
astrocyte
networks
contribute
organization
Here,
using
tool
can
translate
astrocytic
activity–mediated
calcium
signals
into
gene
expression
light-dependent
manner,
we
identified
an
active
ensemble
-which
refers
working
together-
associated
with
cue-motivated
behavior
Nucleus
Accumbens
(NAc),
central
hub
reward
system.
We
mapped
behavior-related
ventral
posterior
regions
NAc.
Furthermore,
demonstrated
direct
activation
this
through
optogenetics
was
sufficient
retrieve
direction
labeled
Overall,
these
findings
uncover
fine-tuning
ensembles
shaping
salient
Brain Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(12), P. 1213 - 1213
Published: Nov. 29, 2024
Tinnitus
is
correlated
with
anomalies
of
neural
plasticity
and
has
been
found
to
be
affected
by
inflammatory
status.
The
current
theories
on
tinnitus,
although
still
somewhat
incomplete,
are
based
maladaptive
mechanisms.
Astrocytes
play
a
major
role
in
both
responses
inflammation
regulation;
moreover,
they
have
recently
discovered
encode
“context”
for
neuronal
circuits,
which
similar
the
“expectation”
Bayesian
brain
models.
Therefore,
this
narrative
review
explores
possible
likely
roles
astrocytes
mechanisms
leading
acute
chronic
tinnitus.
