Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
129(19)
Published: Sept. 30, 2024
Abstract
The
environmental
effects
of
airborne
micro‐
and
nano‐size
plastic
particles
are
poorly
understood.
Microscopy
chemical
analyses
atmospherically
deposited
on
snow
surfaces
at
high
elevation
(2,865–3,690
m)
in
the
Upper
Colorado
River
basin
(UCRB;
Rocky
Mountains)
revealed
presence
black
substances
intimately
associated
with
microplastic
fibers,
interpreted
to
have
originated
as
tire
matter.
Identical
similar
occur
shredded
tires
road‐surface
samples.
substance
responsible
for
color
all
is
carbon
black,
a
graphitic
light‐absorbing
additive
produced
by
hydrocarbon
combustion
that
homogeneously
permeates
mixture
polymers
other
additives.
Such
matter
may
thus
exert
radiative
closely
those
carbon.
many
organic
compound
types
common
tires,
measured
two‐dimensional
gas
chromatography,
suggests
road‐tire‐wear
among
particulates
advance
onset
rate
melt
UCRB.
mass
shed
from
vehicles
be
estimated
multiplying
amounts
eroded
tire‐per‐distance
traveled
vehicular
distances.
Under
combination
measurements
assumptions
about
properties
atmospheric
tire‐wear
particles,
these
might
add
10%–30%
carbon,
an
estimate
ripe
revision.
On
regional
global
scales,
emitted
likely
vary
factors
geographic
source,
transport
pathway,
depositional
setting.
Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(2), P. 522 - 522
Published: Jan. 7, 2024
Tyre
particles
are
generated
by
shear
forces
between
the
tread
and
road
or
volatilisation.
abrasion
(wear)
contributes
from
one-third
to
half
of
microplastics
unintentionally
released
into
environment.
The
major
part
ends
up
in
soil,
a
considerable
amount
is
aquatic
environment,
small
percentage
becomes
airborne.
Nevertheless,
tyre
5–30%
transport
particulate
matter
(PM)
emissions.
This
corresponds
approximately
5%
total
ambient
PM
particle
mass
size
distribution
peak
at
around
20
100
μm,
with
second
2–10
μm
range.
A
nucleation
mode
has
been
reported
some
studies.
absolute
levels
depend
on
tyre,
vehicle,
characteristics,
but
also
environmental
conditions
driving
style.
Most
emission
factors
literature
based
data
prior
year
2000.
We
aggregated
recent
studies
found
mean
110
mg/km
per
vehicle
68
mg/km/t
for
passenger
cars
(based
300
measurements).
Based
limited
number
studies,
PM10
emissions
were
1.4–2.2
tyre.
On
other
hand,
order
1010
#/km
ratio
was
be
2.5%
average.
Finally,
PM2.5
calculated
40%.
Various
mitigation
measures
pollution
could
envisaged;
most
direct
limitation
rate,
as
proposed
European
Commission
Euro
7
regulation.
Other
regulatory
initiatives
discussed.
TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
172, P. 117563 - 117563
Published: Jan. 30, 2024
The
environmental
contamination
and
biological
impacts
of
tire
particles
their
associated
chemicals
is
great
concern.
Variously
termed
as
wear
(TWP),
road
(TRWP),
end-of-life
tires
(ELTs)
to
differentiate
between
possible
compositions
sources
in
the
environment,
these
rubber
are
a
major
source
plastic
pollution.
array
added
that
leach
into
environment
presents
an
additional
environmental,
toxicological
regulatory
challenge.
In
this
review,
we
define
several
topic
areas
relevant
study
particles,
outlining
current
state
ongoing
challenges.
Emissions
estimates
needed
establish
loads
based
on
dated,
summarised
dataset
rather
than
measured
data,
but
determining
presence
hampered
by
lack
standardised
sampling
methods.
Several
techniques
for
analysis
available,
variability
model
composition
makes
selection
analytical
markers
challenging,
does
commercial
standards.
Toxicologically,
there
remains
need
delineate
particle
leachate
effects
and,
addition,
investigate
emerging
concern
transformation
products.
Such
knowledge
required
feed
processes
which
currently
regulate
constituents
separately
whole
tire.
Technological
solutions
capture
or
replace
progressing,
often
outside
academia,
it
important
scientific
community
collaborate
with
those
attempting
reduce
impact
tires,
including
industry.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
926, P. 171694 - 171694
Published: March 13, 2024
To
gain
better
understanding
of
how
the
transition
to
electric
vehicles
affects
road
dust
(RD)
composition,
and
potential
health
environmental
risks,
it
is
crucial
analyze
chemical
composition
RD
identify
its
sources.
Sources
include
wear
tire
tread
(TT),
brake
(BW)
(RW).
A
relevant
component
are
particles
(TRWPs).
This
literature
review
compiles
data
on
bulk
sources,
in
Asia,
Europe
North
America
TRWP
as
a
component.
The
focus
elements
such
Cd,
Co,
Cr,
Cu,
Ni,
Pb,
V,
Zn.
Although
comparability
global
limited
due
differences
sampling
analytical
methods,
no
significant
from
Europe,
were
found
for
most
investigated
studied,
except
V.
Source
analyzed
using
elemental
markers.
On
average
TT,
BW,
RW
contributed
3
%,
1
96
respectively.
highest
concentrations
TT
(9
%)
BW
(2
observed
particle
size
fraction
≤
10
μm.
It
recommended
that
these
results
be
verified
additional
marker
compounds.
TRWPs
different
sources
revealed
(i)
isolated
tunnel
sample
composed
31
%
6
62
RW,
(ii)
test
material
stands
show
similar
content
but
likely
because
e.g.,
missing
BW.
Therefore,
need
chemically
characterized
prior
their
use
hazard
testing
validate
representativeness.
Journal of Environmental Management,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
367, P. 121989 - 121989
Published: Aug. 3, 2024
Tyre
wear
has
been
identified
as
a
major
road-related
pollutant
source,
with
road
runoff
transporting
tyre
particles
(TWP)
to
adjacent
soil,
watercourses,
or
further
through
stormwater
systems.
The
aim
of
this
study
was
investigate
the
occurrence
and
transport
TWP
along
system.
Water
sediment
have
sampled
at
selected
points
(road
runoff,
gully
pots,
wells,
outlet
ditch,
stream)
system
situated
highway
in
Sweden
during
November
December
2022,
March
2023.
As
there
is
limited
data
on
size
distribution
different
environmental
media,
especially
fraction
<20
μm,
samples
were
fractioned
into
fine
(1.6-20
μm)
coarse
(1.6-500
fraction.
analysed
using
combination
marker
compounds
(benzene,
α-methylstyrene,
ethylstyrene,
butadiene
trimer)
for
styrene-butadiene
rubbers
PYR-GC/MS
from
which
concentration
calculated.
Suspended
solids
water
samples,
organic
content
samples.
found
nearly
all
locations,
concentrations
up
17
mg/L
40
mg/g
In
1.6-20
μm
represented
significant
proportion
(20-60%).
Correlations
between
suspended
(r
=
0.87)
0.72).
results
presented
demonstrate
that
can
be
transported
surrounding
environment
retention
studied
Frontiers in Environmental Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Nov. 7, 2023
There
is
mounting
evidence
that
tire
wear
particles
can
harm
natural
systems,
but
worldwide
trends
in
car
weight
and
usage,
mean
emissions
are
set
to
increase.
To
control
help
understand
fate
transport,
detailed
characterisation
of
the
particles,
relationship
between
road
surface
properties
emission
profiles
needed.
This
study
deployed
a
suite
experiments
utilising
advanced
simulator
Swedish
National
Road
Transport
Research
Institute
compare
seasonal
types
from
three
brands.
An
extraction
method
was
developed
for
coarse
(>30
µm)
fraction
(TRWP),
comprehensive
physicochemical
scheme
applied
both
TRWP
tire-tread,
including
microscopy,
energy-dispersive
X-ray
spectroscopy
pyrolysis-GC/MS.
dusts
hand-picked
showed
differences
shape,
numbers,
mass
brands,
asphalt
cement
concrete
surfaces.
Contrary
accepted
perceptions,
tactile
analyses
revealed
firm-elastic
comprised
only
minor
proportion
TRWP.
Fragile
chemically
distinct
tire-road-derived
termed
here
sub-elastic
TRWP,
39–100%
finding
raises
urgent
questions
about
overall
classification
identification
features,
resistance
weathering,
environmental
fate.
At
same
time,
generation
formulations,
surfaces,
show
potential
controlling
reduce
global
impacts.
