Effects of anthropogenic light on species and ecosystems

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 380(6650), P. 1125 - 1130

Published: June 15, 2023

Anthropogenic light is ubiquitous in areas where humans are present and showing a progressive increase worldwide. This has far-reaching consequences for most species their ecosystems. The effects of anthropogenic on natural ecosystems highly variable complex. Many suffer from adverse often respond specific manner. Ostensibly surveyable such as attraction deterrence become complicated because these can depend the type behavior locations. Here, we considered how solutions new technologies could reduce light. A simple solution to reducing mitigating ecological seems unattainable, frugal lighting practices turning off lights may be necessary eliminate them.

Language: Английский

---

A model‐based hypothesis framework to define and estimate the diel niche via the ‘Diel.Niche’ R package

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 93(2), P. 132 - 146

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

How animals use the diel period (24-h light-dark cycle) is of fundamental importance to understand their niche. While ecological and evolutionary literature abound with discussion phenotypes (e.g. diurnal, nocturnal, crepuscular, cathemeral), they lack clear explicit quantitative definitions. As such, inference can be confounded when evaluating hypotheses animal niche switching or plasticity across studies because researchers may operating under different definitions phenotypes. We propose using four alternative hypothesis sets (maximizing, traditional, general selection) aimed at achieving objectives. Each set composed mutually exclusive defined based on activity probabilities in three periods light availability (twilight, daytime night-time). develop a Bayesian modelling framework that compares phenotype Bayes factors estimates model parameters multinomial linear inequality constraints. Model comparison, parameter estimation visualizing results done Diel.Niche R package. A simplified Shiny web application also available. provide extensive simulation guide power discriminate among for range sample sizes (10-1280). work through several examples data make inferences activity, include online vignettes how demonstrate our complements other analyses, such as circular kernel density estimators movement modelling. Our aim encourage standardization language bridge conceptual frameworks research models. Lastly, we hope more focuses conservation understanding time.

Language: Английский

---

It Pays to Sit Tight: Stable Night-Time Incubation Increases Hatching Success in Urban and Forest Great Tits, Parus major

ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 42(1)

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Animals organize their time so that behaviors do not conflict with each other and align well environmental conditions. In species parental care, adults must also accommodate offspring needs into temporal allocation of resources activities. Avian parents face harsh constraints on budget during incubation, when they sustain themselves but transfer heat to eggs. During day-time, shuttling between incubating foraging is studied. At night, birds usually rest the nest provide stable incubation. However, stability night depends physiology conditions, its patterns consequences are poorly understood. We propose enhances chances embryos hatch might shorten incubation time, that, in an urbanizing world, may be compromised. recorded nocturnal restlessness, defined as variation temperature, by placing thermal loggers boxes urban (25 clutches) forest (70 great tits, where only females incubate. found increasing hatching success dropped ca. 60% per unit increase restlessness both habitats, despite higher forest. One putative driver unstable was artificial light at which for associated increased restlessness. Restlessness did affect hatching. conclude sitting tight provides fitness pay-offs birds, influenced including those shaped human

Language: Английский

---

Time is of the essence: The importance of considering biological rhythms in an increasingly polluted world

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. e3002478 - e3002478

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Biological rhythms have a crucial role in shaping the biology and ecology of organisms. Light pollution is known to disrupt these rhythms, evidence emerging that chemical pollutants can cause similar disruption. Conversely, biological influence effects toxicity chemicals. Thus, by drawing insights from extensive study biomedical light research, we greatly improve our understanding pollution. This Essay advocates for integration rhythmicity into research gain more comprehensive how affect wildlife ecosystems. Despite historical barriers, recent experimental technological advancements now facilitate ecotoxicology, offering unprecedented, high-resolution data across spatiotemporal scales. Recognizing importance will be essential understanding, predicting, mitigating complex ecological repercussions

Language: Английский

---

Spatiotemporal Patterns of Wolves, and Sympatric Predators and Prey Relative to Human Disturbance in Northwestern Greece

Diversity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 184 - 184

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

In an era of increasing human pressure on nature, understanding the spatiotemporal patterns wildlife relative to disturbance can inform conservation efforts, especially for large carnivores. We examined temporal activity and spatial wolves eight sympatric mammals at 71 camera trap stations in Greece. Grey temporally overlapped most with wild boars (Δ = 0.84) medium-sized > 0.75), moderately brown bears 0.70), least roe deer 0.46). All were mainly nocturnal exhibited low overlap (humans, vehicles, livestock, dogs; Δ 0.18–0.36), apart from deer, which more diurnal 0.80). Six out nine species increased their nocturnality sites high disturbance, particularly wolves. The detection was negatively associated paved roads, dogs. bears, boars, foxes closer settlements. Our study has applied implications wolf human–wildlife coexistence.

Language: Английский

---

Macrobehaviour: behavioural variation across space, time, and taxa

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(12), P. 1177 - 1188

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

We explore how integrating behavioural ecology and macroecology can provide fundamental new insight into both fields, with particular relevance for understanding ecological responses to rapid environmental change. outline the field of macrobehaviour, which aims unite these disciplines explicitly, highlight examples research in this space. Macrobehaviour be envisaged as a spectrum, where ecologists macroecologists use data borrow tools approaches from one another. At heart interdisciplinary considers selection context large-scale factors lead systematic patterns variation across space, time, taxa, turn, influence macroecological processes. has potential enhance forecasts future biodiversity

Language: Английский

---

Human presence and infrastructure impact wildlife nocturnality differently across an assemblage of mammalian species

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. e0286131 - e0286131

Published: May 25, 2023

Wildlife species may shift towards more nocturnal behavior in areas of higher human influence, but it is unclear how consistent this might be. We investigated humans impact large mammal diel activities a heavily recreated protected area and an adjacent university-managed forest southwest British Columbia, Canada. used camera trap detections wildlife, along with data on land-use infrastructure (e.g., recreation trails restricted-access roads), Bayesian regression models to investigate impacts disturbance wildlife nocturnality. found moderate evidence that black bears ( Ursus americanus ) were response (mean posterior estimate = 0.35, 90% credible interval 0.04 0.65), no other clear relationships between nocturnality detections. However, we coyotes Canis latrans (estimates 0.81, 95% CI 0.46 1.17) snowshoe hares Lepus (estimate -0.87, -1.29 -0.46) less trail density. also cougars Puma concolor -1.14, -2.16 -0.12) greater road Furthermore, coyotes, black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus ), moderately near urban-wildland boundaries CIs: coyote -0.29, -0.55 -0.04, -0.25, -0.45 hare -0.24, -0.46 -0.01). Our findings imply anthropogenic landscape features influence medium large-sized than direct presence. While increased be promising mechanism for human-wildlife coexistence, shifts temporal activity can have negative repercussions warranting further research into the causes consequences responses increasingly human-dominated landscapes.

Language: Английский

---

Robust analysis of diel activity patterns

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Research Highlight: Iannarilli, F., Gerber, B. D., Erb, J., & Fieberg, J. R. (2024). A 'how-to' guide for estimating animal diel activity using hierarchical models. Journal of Animal Ecology, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.14213. Diel patterns are ubiquitous in living organisms and have received considerable research attention with advances the collection time-stamped data recognition that may respond to global change via behaviour timing. Iannarilli et al. (2024) provide a roadmap analysing models, specifically trigonometric generalized linear mixed-effect models cyclic cubic spline additive These methods improvements over kernel density estimators, which nearly two decades been status quo patterns. Kernel estimators several drawbacks; most notably, typically aggregated (e.g. across locations) achieve sufficient sample sizes, covariates cannot be incorporated quantify influence environmental variables on also comprehensive tutorial demonstrates how format data, fit interpret model predictions. We believe will become indispensable tools activity-timing envision development many extensions approaches described by

Language: Английский

---

Variation in habitat selection by male Strix nebulosa (Great Gray Owls) across the diel cycle

Ornithology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Abstract Despite the long-standing recognition that animals partition activities, for example across different periods of day, understanding how habitat selection varies according to specific temporal or behavioral activities remains limited most species. For example, although much animal kingdom is nocturnally active, studies characterize nocturnal behavior remain relatively rare, which precludes a thorough key habitat. We used GPS tracking and remotely-sensed environmental data evaluate whether breeding-season by adult male Strix nebulosa (Great Gray Owls) (n = 19) varied diel (dawn, dusk, night). focused on owls because their largely unknown despite critical role they play as food provisioners. To address knowledge gaps related habitat, we also evaluated finer-scale, microhabitat at night. Owls were more active during dusk through dawn, suggesting forage crepuscular nighttime roost day. avoided herbaceous wetlands day but strongly selected them night, indicating time-dependent selection. Moreover, dry meadows all times wet rather than xeric are important foraging. microhabitats facilitated foraging, such those with presence primary prey open understories. During daytime, chose areas closed canopies increased soil moisture, likely provided suitable roosting development closer roads, particularly containing preferred Understanding activity periods, windows, other contexts can improve conservation wildlife. Our work contributes balance resources provisioning versus safety, both individual fitness population persistence.

Language: Английский

---

Ecological traits predict mammal temporal responses to land development but not human presence

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e03507 - e03507

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---