International Journal of STD & AIDS,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 18, 2024
This
study
explores
the
relationship
between
different
ART
therapy
based
on
NRTIs,
and
inflammatory
markers,
along
with
fasting
blood
glucose
levels
in
treatment-naïve
people
living
HIV
(PLWH).
Viruses,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(4), P. 542 - 542
Published: March 30, 2024
Chronic
anemia
is
more
prevalent
in
people
living
with
HIV
(PLWH)
compared
to
the
general
population.
The
mechanisms
that
drive
chronic
are
multifaceted
and
include
functional
impairment
of
hematopoietic
stem
cells,
dysregulation
erythropoietin
production,
persistent
immune
activation.
inflammation
from
infection
adversely
affects
erythropoiesis,
erythrocyte
lifespan,
response,
leading
a
heightened
risk
co-infections
such
as
tuberculosis,
severe
anemia,
increased
mortality.
Additionally,
exacerbates
progression
HIV-associated
nephrotoxicity
contributes
cardiovascular
through
activation
inflammation.
This
review
highlights
cardinal
role
link
connecting
complications
PLWH,
emphasizing
need
for
universal
understanding
these
interconnected
pathways
targeted
interventions.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: April 5, 2024
HIV-infection
of
microglia
and
macrophages
(MMs)
induces
neuronal
injury
chronic
release
inflammatory
stimuli
through
direct
indirect
molecular
pathways.
A
large
percentage
people
with
HIV-associated
neurologic
psychiatric
co-morbidities
have
high
levels
circulating
molecules.
Microglia,
given
their
susceptibility
to
HIV
infection
long-lived
nature,
are
reservoirs
for
persistent
infection.
MMs
neurons
possess
the
machinery
detect
pathogen
nucleic
acids
proteins
activate
innate
immune
signals.
Full
activation
inflammasome
assembly
expression
IL-1β
requires
a
priming
event
second
signal.
Many
studies
demonstrated
that
alone
can
activity.
Interestingly,
secreted
phosphoprotein-1
(
SPP1
/OPN)
is
highly
upregulated
in
CNS
infected
dysfunction.
all
evidence
thus
far
suggests
protective
function
signaling
mammalian
target
rapamycin
(mTORC1/2)
pathway
counter
HIV-neuronal
injury.
Moreover,
HIV-infected
mice
knocked
down
show
by
neuroimaging,
increased
neuroinflammation
compared
controls.
This
uses
unique
regulatory
mechanisms
control
level
signaling.
In
this
mini
review,
we
discuss
known
yet-to-be
discovered
biological
links
between
-mediated
stimulation
mTOR
Additional
new
mechanistic
insights
from
relevant
experimental
models
will
provide
greater
understanding
crosstalk
regulation
homeostasis.
The Journal of Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
213(4), P. 407 - 417
Published: Aug. 5, 2024
Abstract
The
Nod-like
receptor
family
pyrin
domain
containing
3
(NLRP3)
inflammasome
has
been
the
most
distinctive
polymer
protein
complex.
After
recognizing
endogenous
and
exogenous
danger
signals,
NLRP3
can
cause
inflammation
by
pyroptosis
secretion
of
mature,
bioactive
forms
IL-1β
IL-18.
is
essential
in
genesis
progression
infectious
illnesses.
Herein,
we
provide
a
comprehensive
review
diseases,
focusing
on
its
two-sided
effects.
As
an
part
host
defense
with
protective
impact,
abnormal
activation,
however,
result
systemic
high
inflammatory
response,
leading
to
subsequent
damage.
In
addition,
scientific
evidence
small
molecules,
biologics,
phytochemicals
acting
reviewed.
We
believe
that
helps
us
understand
pathological
mechanism
different
stages
diseases
inhibitors
targeting
will
become
new
valuable
research
direction
for
treatment
diseases.
Microbiology and Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
67(6), P. 303 - 313
Published: March 18, 2023
Human
cytomegalovirus
(HCMV)
infection
of
monocytes
results
in
the
production
inflammatory
cytokine
through
inflammasome.
However,
mechanism
NLR
family
pyrin
domain
containing
3
(NLRP3)
inflammasome
activation
HCMV
remains
unclear.
In
this
study,
promoted
increase
mitochondrial
fusion
and
caused
dysfunction
THP-1
cells,
including
excessive
reactive
oxygen
species
decreased
membrane
potential
(Δψm).
Meanwhile,
expression
DNA
(mtDNA)-binding
protein
TFAM
(transcription
factor
A,
mitochondrial)
was
mtDNA
content
cytoplasm
increased.
Knockdown
an
copy
number
resulted
elevated
NLRP3
expression,
active
caspase-1,
mature
IL-1β.
After
a
h
treatment
with
MCC950,
inhibitor,
cleaved
caspase-1
IL-1β
were
suppressed.
Besides,
overexpression
inhibited
NLRP3,
addition,
knockdown
process
after
infection.
mtDNA-deficient
cells
showed
limited
ability
to
produce
conclusion,
increased
release
into
cytoplasm,
which
eventually
led
Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
103(9), P. e37354 - e37354
Published: March 1, 2024
Human
immunodeficiency
virus
(HIV)
infection
remains
a
significant
global
health
concern,
necessitating
ongoing
research
and
innovation
in
the
quest
for
improved
disease
management.
Traditional
markers
monitoring
HIV
progression
effectiveness
of
antiretroviral
therapy
have
limitations
capturing
intricate
immune
responses
inflammatory
dynamics
people
with
HIV.
In
recent
years,
concept
inflammation
ratios
has
gained
prominence
as
valuable
tool
assessing
understanding
complex
interplay
between
inflammation,
function,
this
abstract,
we
provide
an
overview
emerging
field
utilizing
context
its
implications
therapeutic
strategies.
These
ratios,
such
CD4/CD8
ratio,
neutrophil-to-lymphocyte
monocyte-to-lymphocyte
offer
more
comprehensive
assessment
individual's
status
state.
By
exploring
clinical
including
their
potential
to
predict
complications
guide
personalized
treatment
approaches,
publication
sheds
light
on
benefits
incorporating
into
routine
care.
Furthermore,
emphasize
importance
further
refine
our
utility
significance
improving
lives
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(8), P. 3484 - 3484
Published: April 8, 2025
The
NOD-like
receptor
(NLR)
signaling
pathway
may
influence
human
immunodeficiency
virus
(HIV)
clearance
and
CD4+
T
cell
recovery
through
inflammatory
responses,
but
its
specific
mechanism
requires
further
investigation.
A
deeper
understanding
of
genetic
variations
can
provide
new
insights
into
the
biological
mechanisms
underlying
occurrence
development
syndrome
(AIDS).
By
utilizing
multiple
bioinformatic
analyses
functional
annotations,
we
identified
single-nucleotide
polymorphisms
(SNPs)
in
NLR
that
affect
HIV-1
infection
AIDS
progression.
Then,
a
case-control
study
was
performed
to
screen
risk-related
variants
by
genotyping
candidate
SNPs
sample
500
men
who
have
sex
with
(MSM)
healthy
controls
from
Han
population
Northern
China.
results
revealed
significant
association
between
five
(NLRP3
rs4612666,
MAVS
rs17857295,
rs6084497,
rs16989000,
JAK1
rs4244165)
infection.
Interestingly,
gene-gene
interaction
model
composed
exhibited
cumulative
effect
on
disease.
Specially,
increase
risk
alleles
carried
samples
elevated
contracting
HIV-1.
In
addition,
three
(IL1B
rs1143623,
STAT1
rs1467199
rs2066804)
were
associated
counts
patients
AIDS.
Three
(OAS1
rs1131454,
NLRP3
rs10754558,
rs867335)
found
be
related
clinical
staging
This
finding
provides
genes
progression
among
MSM
Current Issues in Molecular Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
47(4), P. 273 - 273
Published: April 12, 2025
Ageing
is
a
complex
and
unavoidable
physiological
process
which,
in
simple
terms,
consists
of
progressive
deterioration
the
functionality
cells,
tissues
organs,
culminating
an
increased
risk
developing
chronic
pathologies.
Telomeres,
repetitive
nucleotide
structures
at
end
chromosomes,
ensure
genomic
integrity
modulate
cellular
senescence.
The
shortening
telomere
length
with
each
cell
division
directly
correlates
susceptibility
to
However,
this
shortening,
normally
inevitable,
can
be
markedly
accelerated
presence
infections,
such
as
HIV-1
infection,
by
sustained
continuous
activation
immune
system,
inflammation,
generation
oxidative
stress,
or
direct
alterations
produced
viral
proteins.
Thus,
narrative
review,
we
discuss
12
hallmarks
ageing
context
understanding
molecular
changes
induced
through
these
well-established
pillars
could
provide
holistic
approach
management
HIV-positive
patients.
At
same
time,
considering
that
telomeres
are
centre
all
changes,
assessment
impact
antiretroviral
therapy
on
necessary
guide
clinical
decisions.
ultimate
goal
research
develop
personalised
therapies
increase
quality
life
health
outcomes
HIV
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 14, 2025
People
with
HIV
(PWH)
are
at
heightened
risk
for
type
2
diabetes
(T2D)
and
insulin
resistance
(IR),
even
effective
antiretroviral
therapy
(ART).
Adipose
tissue
dysfunction,
including
subcutaneous
adipose
(SAT)
fibrosis,
is
a
key
contributor
to
metabolic
disease.
However,
the
role
of
SAT
fibrosis
in
IR
among
PWH
remains
poorly
understood.
We
therefore
investigated
relationship
between
along
molecular
signatures
that
might
distinguish
HIV-associated
from
associated
obesity.
studied
112
participants,
43
69
people
without
(PWoH)
excluding
those
established
T2D.
Body
composition
was
assessed
by
dual-energy
X-ray
absorptiometry
(DXA),
analyzed
quantifying
hydroxyproline
levels
biopsies.
transcriptional
profiles
were
examined
using
targeted
fibrosis-related
gene
panel.
Plasma
endotrophin,
marker
extracellular
matrix
remodeling,
also
measured.
had
significantly
greater
compared
PWoH,
largest
differences
observed
participants
In
this
subgroup,
strongly
IR,
despite
absence
elevated
adiposity.
Transcriptomic
analysis
identified
distinct
fibrosis-associated
expression
pattern
PWH,
marked
upregulation
COL14A1
immune-related
genes
(e.g.
CCL4
,
NLRP3
).
Pathway
further
supported
upregulated
remodeling
immune
activation,
downregulated
thermogenesis,
lipid
metabolism,
signaling
non-obese
PWH.
endotrophin
independently
fibrosis.
Our
findings
identify
as
an
obesity-independent
driver
Notably,
predicts
normal
body
fat
can
be
noninvasively
monitored
through
circulating
offering
potential
biomarker
early
intervention.
The
signature
reveals
unique
mechanisms
may
underlie
population
highlight
new
therapeutic
avenues
targeting
dysfunction.
This
work
National
Institutes
Health
grants
R01DK141041
(PWH
SKK),
R01DK112304
R56DK133997
K08DK124679
(DLA)
Robert
Wood
Johnson
Foundation,
Harold
Amos
Medical
Faculty
Development
Program
(DLA),
NIH
T32
Training
Grant
5T32DK007418
(MKC),
UCSF
NORC
grant
(P30DK098722),
Health:
UCSF-Bay
Area
Center
AIDS
Research
(P30
AI027763).
funding
authorities
no
study
design,
data
collection,
analysis,
interpretation,
decision
publish,
or
manuscript
preparation.
BMC Infectious Diseases,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(1)
Published: July 3, 2024
To
minimize
the
toxicity
and
impact
of
combined
antiretroviral
therapy
(cART)
on
lifestyle
people
living
with
Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus
(PLWH),
scientific
community
evaluated
efficacy,
safety
sustained
virologic
response
two
drugs
regimens,
in
particular
dolutegravir
(DTG).
The
effects
deintensification
inflammatory
settings
are
currently
unknown
PLWH.
Thus,
our
study
explored
state
virologically
suppressed
HIV
individuals
between
patients
treatment
a
DTG-containing
dual
(2DR)
versus
triple
regimen
therapies
(3DR).
We
enrolled
total
116
subjects
2DRs
or
3DRs
plasma
levels
pro-
anti-inflammatory
cytokines
(in
IL-1β,
IL-10,
IL-18,
IL-33,
IL-36
IFN-γ)
have
been
evaluated.
CD4
+
cell's
median
value
was
729.0
cell/µL
3DR
group
771.5
2DR
group;
viral
load
negative
all
patients.
Significant
differences
were
found
IL-18
(648.8
vs.
475.0
group,
p
=
0.034)
(281.7
247.0
0.050),
correlation
(rho
0.266,
0.015).
This
single-center
retrospective
pharmacological
confirms
absence
significant
IFN-γ
two-drug
regimens
compared
to
regimens.
Patients
show
greater
control
over
serum
levels,
related
an
increased
cardiovascular
risk
development
age-related
chronic
diseases.
Based
results,
we
suggest
that
DTG-based
could
be
associated
better
inflammation
characterizes
population
effective
ART.