Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(11), P. 1279 - 1279
Published: Nov. 14, 2024
(1)
Background/Objectives:
Two
pneumococcal
conjugate
vaccines,
15-(PCV15)
and
20-(PCV20)
valent
formulations,
are
routinely
recommended
for
US
children
in
a
3+1
schedule.
The
first
three
doses
administered
during
the
year
of
life
at
2,
4,
6
months,
while
booster
dose
is
given
12
to
15
months.
This
study
evaluated
health
economic
effects
PCV20
infant
series
within
compared
PCV15.
(2)
Methods:
Using
decision-analytic
model,
we
calculated
introducing
PCV15
or
five
subsequent
birth
cohorts.
Epidemiological
data
were
drawn
from
peer-reviewed
studies
estimates
vaccine
effectiveness
extrapolated
established
PCV13
PCV7
efficacy
studies.
Direct
medical
costs
related
disease
treatment
extracted
literature
inflated
2024
dollars.
(3)
Results:
Over
course
years,
implementation
vaccination
newborns
United
States,
PCV15,
projected
prevent
an
additional
220
cases
invasive
disease,
6542
community-acquired
pneumonia,
112,095
otitis
media
across
strategy
could
66
deaths
linked
these
illnesses
confer
extra
gains,
amounting
5058
years
5037
quality-adjusted
years.
These
prevented
estimated
save
approximately
USD
147
million
over
5
(4)
Conclusions:
demonstrated
that
vaccinating
with
months
would
yield
substantially
greater
return
due
serotypes
covered
by
PCV20.
Vaccine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
42(3), P. 573 - 582
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
As
of
June
2023,
two
pneumococcal
conjugate
vaccines,
20-
(PCV20)
and
15-
(PCV15)
valent
formulations,
are
recommended
for
US
infants
under
a
3
+
1
schedule.
This
study
evaluated
the
health
economic
impact
vaccinating
with
new
expanded
valency
PCV20
formulation.
A
population-based,
multi
cohort,
decision-analytic
Markov
model
was
developed
to
estimate
public
cost-effectiveness
from
both
societal
healthcare
system
perspectives
over
10
years.
Epidemiological
data
were
based
on
published
studies
unpublished
Active
Bacterial
Core
Surveillance
System
(ABCs)
data.
Vaccine
effectiveness
PCV13
PCV7
efficacy
studies.
Indirect
observational
Costs
disutilities
compared
PCV15
in
separate
scenarios.
Replacing
has
potential
avert
55,000
invasive
disease
(IPD)
cases,
2.5
million
pneumonia
5.4
otitis
media
(OM)
19,000
deaths
across
all
ages
10-year
time
horizon,
corresponding
net
gains
515,000
life
years
271,000
QALYs.
Acquisition
costs
offset
by
monetary
savings
averted
cases
resulting
$20.6
billion.
The
same
trend
observed
when
comparing
versus
PCV15,
gain
146,000
QALYs
$9.9
billion
savings.
large
proportion
avoided
attributable
indirect
effects
unvaccinated
adults
elderly.
From
health-care
perspective,
also
dominant
strategy
PCV15.
Infant
vaccination
is
estimated
further
reduce
associated
The Journal of Infectious Diseases,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 18, 2024
Abstract
Background
In
2022–2023,
15-
and
20-valent
pneumococcal
conjugate
vaccines
(PCV15/PCV20)
were
recommended
for
infants.
We
aimed
to
estimate
the
incidence
of
outpatient
visits
antibiotic
prescriptions
in
US
children
(≤17
years)
from
2016–2019
acute
otitis
media,
pneumonia,
sinusitis
associated
with
PCV15-
PCV20-additional
(non-PCV13)
serotypes
quantify
PCV15/20
potential
impacts.
Methods
estimated
PCV15/20-additional
serotype-attributable
as
product
all-cause
rates,
derived
national
health
care
surveys
MarketScan
databases,
fractions.
serotype-specific
attributable
fractions
using
modified
vaccine-probe
approaches
incorporating
changes
post-PCV13
ratios
PCV13
versus
serotype
frequencies,
through
meta-analyses.
Results
Per
1000
annually,
PCV15-additional
accounted
an
2.7
(95%
confidence
interval,
1.8–3.9)
2.4
CI,
1.6–3.4)
prescriptions.
resulted
15.0
11.2–20.4)
13.2
9.9–18.0)
annually
per
children.
account
0.4%
0.2%–0.6%)
2.1%
1.5%–3.0%)
pediatric
use.
Conclusions
Compared
serotypes,
>
5
times
burden
Higher-valency
PCVs,
especially
PCV20,
may
contribute
preventing
respiratory
infections
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: April 3, 2025
The
introduction
of
a
pneumococcal
conjugate
vaccine
(PCV)
covering
13
serotypes
(PCV13)
into
the
Mexican
pediatric
national
immunization
program
(NIP)
has
substantially
reduced
burden
disease
(PD)
since
2010.
This
study
aimed
to
estimate
impact
replacing
either
PCV13
or
15valent
PCV
(PCV15)
with
20-valent
(PCV20)
in
NIP.
A
decision-analytic
Markov
model
was
developed
compare
cost-effectiveness
PCV20
versus
lower-valent
vaccines
from
public
health
sector
(payer)
perspective
over
10
years.
Epidemiological
and
cost
inputs
were
sourced
data.
Direct
indirect
effects
estimated
using
clinical
effectiveness,
7-valent
efficacy
studies,
data
Mexico.
compared
PCV15,
all
under
2
+
1
dosing
schedule.
discount
rate
5%
per
annum
applied
costs
outcomes.
Model
robustness
evaluated
through
sensitivity
analyses,
including
deterministic
analysis
(DSA),
probabilistic
(PSA),
additional
scenario
assessments.
provide
considerably
more
benefits
than
both
comparators
by
averting
cases
PD
as
well
total
saving
billion
pesos.
DSA,
PSA,
assessments
confirmed
minimal
deviation
base
case.
Therefore,
(2
1)
NIP
is
expected
reduce
medical
alternatives.
Journal of Medical Economics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 20
Published: April 30, 2025
Despite
the
inclusion
of
pneumococcal
conjugate
vaccines
(PCV)
in
pediatric
national
immunization
program
(NIP)
since
2017,
Romania
continues
to
face
a
substantial
clinical,
economic,
and
societal
burden
disease.
Higher-valent
vaccines,
such
as
20-valent
PCV
(PCV20),
offer
broader
serotype
coverage
versus
current
standard
care
(13-valent
PCV;
PCV13)
with
potential
reduce
disease
burden.
To
test
this,
we
conducted
cost-effectiveness
analysis
switching
from
PCV13
or
future
comparator
(15-valent
PCV15),
both
under
2
+
1
schedule,
PCV20
3
schedule
Romanian
NIP.
A
population-based,
multi-cohort
Markov
model
target
population
children
aged
<2
years
was
utilized
estimate
cost
health
impact
lower-valent
comparators
over
10
years.
The
adopted
perspective,
encompassing
direct
indirect
costs,
an
annual
cycle.
Sensitivity
scenario
analyses
were
assess
robustness
its
assumptions.
In
base-case
analysis,
demonstrated
dominance
PCV15
(i.e.,
more
effective
less
costly),
total
predicted
cost-savings
79,123,267
206,623,098
Leu,
respectively,
plus
reduction
cases
by
246,245
223,914,
respectively.
majority
sensitivity
pairwise
comparisons
aligned
base
case.
results
this
indicate
that
implementation
into
NIP
would
greatly
be
cost-effective
approach
perspective
SSRN Electronic Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Background:
Streptococcus
pneumoniae
is
a
bacterium
that
causes
wide
range
of
diseases,
including
invasive
pneumococcal
disease
(IPD),
community
acquired
pneumonia,
and
acute
otitis
media.
The
vaccine
landscape
in
Canada
has
changed
substantially
over
the
past
several
years,
with
recent
recommendations
to
replace
13-valent
conjugate
(PCV-13)
15-valent
(PCV-15)
20-valent
(PCV-20)
vaccines
among
Canadian
children,
use
PCV-20
older
adults.
objective
this
study
was
create
transmission
model
quantify
impact
using
PCV-13
pediatric
population.Methods:
We
developed
an
age-structured
compartmental
describes
dynamics
population.
fit
our
annual
incidence
cumulative
IPD
by
age
serotype
group
between
2010
2019
Canada,
time
when
recommended
for
compared
fitted
counterfactual
scenario
which
not
used.Results:
Our
replicates
observed
trends
group.
estimated
populations
averted
1,275
(95%
CrI:
949,
1,601)
cases
across
population
2019.
This
effect
most
pronounced
adults,
where
prevented
6.0
3.6,
10.5)
cases/100,000
10-year
period.Conclusions:
Using
epidemiology
we
showed
decreased
overall
incidence.
benefits
immunizing
children
have
beenaccrued
predominately
via
indirect
(herd)
effects
Canadians.
can
be
used
project
newly
approved
higher
valency
vaccines.
Journal of Medical Economics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
26(1), P. 1034 - 1046
Published: Aug. 9, 2023
The
15-valent
pneumococcal
conjugate
vaccine
(PCV15
or
V114)
has
recently
been
approved
for
pediatric
vaccination
against
diseases
(PDs)
in
Japan.
study
aims
to
evaluate
the
cost-effectiveness
of
with
V114
versus
13-valent
PCV
(PCV13)
Japan.The
used
a
decision
analytical
Markov
model
estimate
cost
and
effectiveness
outcomes
birth
cohort
Japan
over
10-year
time
horizon.
tracked
occurrences
acute
PD
events,
including
invasive
(IPD),
non-bacteremic
pneumonia
(NBPP)
otitis
media
(AOM)
long-term
impact
post-meningitis
sequalae.
Vaccine
was
estimated
based
on
literature
assumptions,
accounted
indirect
effects
waning.
base
case
took
societal
perspective,
both
direct
costs,
while
healthcare
payer
perspective
modeled
scenario
analysis.
Additional
analyses
sensitivity
were
conducted.In
case,
associated
an
incremental
gain
24
quality-adjusted
life
years
reduction
¥365,610,955
total
costs
compared
PCV13.
It
expected
reduce
number
AOM,
NBPP,
IPD
cases
by
1,832,
1,333
25,
respectively.
All
most
showed
that
dominant
strategy
PCV13.Pediatric
is
lead
savings
more
health
benefits
PCV13
from
perspectives.
findings
are
robust
under
plausible
assumptions
inputs.
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 25, 2023
Abstract
Importance
Streptococcus
pneumoniae
is
a
known
etiology
of
acute
respiratory
infections
(ARIs),
which
account
for
large
proportions
outpatient
visits
and
antibiotic
use
in
children.
In
2023,
15-
20-valent
pneumococcal
conjugate
vaccines
(PCV15,
PCV20)
were
recommended
routine
infants.
However,
the
burden
healthcare
utilization
among
U.S.
children
attributable
to
additional,
non-PCV13
serotypes
PCV15/20
unknown.
Objective
To
estimate
incidence
prescriptions
otitis
media,
pneumonia,
sinusitis
associated
with
PCV15-
PCV20-additional
(non-PCV13
serotypes)
quantify
potential
impacts
on
these
conditions.
Design
Multi-component
study
including
descriptive
analyses
cross-sectional
cohort
data
from
2016–2019
meta-analyses
serotype
distribution
non-invasive
infections.
Setting
Outpatient
Participants
Pediatric
captured
National
Ambulatory
Medical
Care
Survey
(NAMCS),
Hospital
Medicare
(NHAMCS),
Merative
MarketScan,
collectively
representing
delivery
across
all
settings.
Incidence
denominators
estimated
using
census
(NAMCS/NHAMCS)
enrollment
(MarketScan)
data.
Main
outcome(s)
measure(s)
visit
prescription
PCV15/20-additional
serotypes.
Results
We
that
per
1000
annually,
PCV15-additional
accounted
2.7
(95%
confidence
interval
1.8–3.9)
2.4
(1.6–3.4)
prescriptions.
resulted
15.0
(11.2–20.4)
13.2
(9.9–18.0)
annually
1,000
Projected
national
counts,
173,000
(118,000–252,000)
968,000
(722,000–1,318,000)
each
year,
translating
0.4%
(0.2–0.6%)
2.1%
(1.5–3.0%)
Conclusions
relevance
pediatric
utilization.
Compared
serotypes,
>5
times
These
higher-valency
PCVs,
especially
PCV20,
may
contribute
preventing
ARIs
Key
points
Question:
What
tract
additional
(non-13-valent
vaccine)
PCV20)?
Findings:
an
197,000
1,098,000
prescriptions,
respectively,
annually.
Visit
burdens
concentrated
aged
<5
years.
Meaning:
Respiratory
caused
by
PCV15/20,
be
important
contributors
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 12, 2024
ABSTRACT
Background
Next-generation
pneumococcal
vaccines
currently
in
clinical
trials
include
24-
and
31-valent
conjugate
(PCV24,
PCV31),
which
aim
to
prevent
upper-respiratory
carriage
disease
involving
the
targeted
serotypes.
We
aimed
estimate
comprehensive
health-economic
burden
associated
with
acute
respiratory
infections
(ARIs)
invasive
(IPD)
attributable
PCV24-
PCV31-additional
(non-PCV20)
serotypes
United
States.
Methods
multiplied
all-cause
incidence
rate
estimates
for
otitis
media
(AOM),
sinusitis,
non-bacteremic
pneumonia
by
of
proportions
each
these
conditions
pneumococci
obtained
serotype-specific
IPD
rates
from
US
Active
Bacterial
Core
surveillance
data.
accounted
direct
medical
non-medical
costs
condition
resulting
burden.
Non-medical
included
missed
work
lost
quality-adjusted
life
years
due
death
disability.
Results
The
PCV24-additional
totaled
$1.3
billion
($1.1-1.7b)
annually
costs,
comprised
$0.9b
($0.7-1.2b)
ARIs
$0.4b
($0.3-0.5b)
IPD.
For
serotypes,
$7.5b
($6.6-8.6b)
annually,
$5.5b
($4.7-6.6b)
$1.9b
($1.8-2.1b)
largest
single
driver
was
pneumonia,
particularly
adults
aged
50-64
≥65
years.
Conclusions
Additional
PCV24
PCV31,
especially
those
account
substantial
Summary
Novel
vaccines,
trials,
burdens
States,
≥50
Vaccines
targeting
may
reduce
costs.