Multiple transatlantic incursions of highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N5) virus into North America and spillover to mammals DOI Creative Commons
Cassidy N. G. Erdelyan, Ahmed Kandeil, Anthony V. Signore

et al.

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(7), P. 114479 - 114479

Published: July 1, 2024

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have spread at an unprecedented scale, leading to mass mortalities in birds and mammals. In 2023, a transatlantic incursion of HPAI A(H5N5) into North America was detected, followed shortly thereafter by mammalian detection. As these were similar contemporary described Eurasia, the most likely facilitated pelagic seabirds. Some Canadian from mammals possessed PB2-E627K substitution known facilitate adaptation Ferrets inoculated with showed rapid, severe disease onset, some evidence direct contact transmission. However, maintained receptor binding traits susceptible oseltamivir zanamivir. Understanding factors influencing virulence transmission migratory is critical minimize impacts on wildlife public health.

Language: Английский

Spillover of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus to dairy cattle DOI Creative Commons
Leonardo C. Caserta, Elisha Frye, Salman L. Butt

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 634(8034), P. 669 - 676

Published: July 25, 2024

The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus clade 2.3.4.4b has caused the death of millions domestic birds and thousands wild in USA since January 2022 (refs.

Language: Английский

Citations

146
Emergence and interstate spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in dairy cattle DOI
Thao-Quyen Nguyen, Carl R. Hutter, Alexey Markin

et al.

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses cross species barriers and have the potential to cause pandemics. In North America, HPAI A(H5N1) related goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade infected wild birds, poultry, mammals. Our genomic analysis epidemiological investigation showed that a reassortment event in bird populations preceded single bird-to-cattle transmission episode. The movement of asymptomatic cattle has likely played role spread within United States dairy herd. Some molecular markers virus were detected at low frequency may lead changes efficiency phenotype after evolution cattle. Continued H5N1 increases risk for infection subsequent human populations.

Language: Английский

Citations

78
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b Infections in Wild Terrestrial Mammals, United States, 2022 DOI Creative Commons

Elizabeth J. Elsmo,

Arno Wünschmann,

Kimberlee B. Beckmen

et al.

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(12)

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

Abstract We describe the pathology of natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus Eurasian lineage Goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b in 67 wild terrestrial mammals throughout United States during April 1‒July 21, 2022. Affected include 50 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 6 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), 4 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 2 bobcats (Lynx rufus), Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana), 1 coyote (Canis latrans), fisher (Pekania pennanti), and gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). Infected showed primarily neurologic signs. Necrotizing meningoencephalitis, interstitial pneumonia, myocardial necrosis were most common lesions; however, species variations lesion distribution observed. Genotype analysis sequences from 48 animals indicates that these cases represent spillover infections birds.

Language: Английский

Citations

77
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5 Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Birds and Mammals DOI Creative Commons
Giulia Graziosi, Caterina Lupini, Elena Catelli

et al.

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1372 - 1372

Published: May 2, 2024

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are highly contagious respiratory of birds, leading to significant morbidity and mortality globally causing substantial economic losses the poultry industry agriculture. Since their first isolation in 2013–2014, Asian-origin H5 pathogenic avian (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4b have undergone unprecedented evolution reassortment internal gene segments. In just a few years, it supplanted other AIV clades, now is widespread wild migratory waterfowl, spreading Asia, Europe, Africa, Americas. Wild natural reservoir LPAIVs generally more resistant disease, also manifested high with HPAIV 2.3.4.4b. This caused overt clinical signs mass variety mammalian species never reported before, such as raptors, seabirds, sealions, foxes, others. Most notably, recent outbreaks dairy cattle were associated emergence critical mutations related adaptation, raising concerns about possibility jumping acquisition sustained human-to-human transmission. The main anatomopathological findings virus infection birds non-human mammals hereby summarized.

Language: Английский

Citations

44
Detection and spread of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5N1 in the Antarctic Region DOI Creative Commons
Ashley C. Banyard, Ashley Bennison, Alexander M. P. Byrne

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

43
High pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b in Europe—Why trends of virus evolution are more difficult to predict DOI Creative Commons
Alice Fusaro, Bianca Zecchin, Edoardo Giussani

et al.

Virus Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Since 2016, A(H5Nx) high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus of clade 2.3.4.4b has become one the most serious global threats not only to wild and domestic birds, but also public health. In recent years, important changes in ecology, epidemiology, evolution this have been reported, with an unprecedented diffusion variety affected birds mammalian species. After two consecutive devastating epidemic waves Europe 2020-2021 2021-2022, second recognized as largest epidemics recorded so far, begun circulate endemically European bird populations. This study used complete genomes 1,956 HPAI viruses investigate during varying epidemiological outline. We investigated spatiotemporal patterns to/from within 2021-2022 waves, providing evidence ongoing transmission dynamics disease epidemiology. demonstrated genetic diversity circulating viruses, which undergone frequent reassortment events, for first time a overview proposed nomenclature multiple genotypes 2020-2022. described emergence new genotype gull adapted genes, offered opportunity occupy ecological niches, driving endemicity population. The propensity reassortment, its jumps progressively wider number host species, including mammals, rapid acquisition adaptive mutations make trend spread difficult predict unfailing evolving scenario.

Language: Английский

Citations

37
A single mutation in bovine influenza H5N1 hemagglutinin switches specificity to human receptors DOI Creative Commons
Ting-Hui Lin, Xueyong Zhu, Shengyang Wang

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 386(6726), P. 1128 - 1134

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

In 2024, several human infections with highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b bovine influenza H5N1 viruses in the United States raised concerns about their capability for bovine-to-human or even human-to-human transmission. this study, analysis of hemagglutinin (HA) from first-reported human-infecting virus (A/Texas/37/2024, Texas) revealed avian-type receptor binding preference. Notably, a Gln 226 Leu substitution switched Texas HA specificity to human-type receptors, which was enhanced when combined an Asn 224 Lys mutation. Crystal structures avian analog LSTa and its mutant LSTc elucidated structural basis preferential recognition. These findings highlight need continuous surveillance emerging mutations viruses.

Language: Английский

Citations

34
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b Virus detected in dairy cattle DOI Creative Commons
Xiao Hu, Anugrah Saxena,

Drew R. Magstadt

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 16, 2024

Abstract The global emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses poses a significant public health threat. Until March 2024, no outbreaks this virus had occurred in domestic cattle. We genetically characterize HPAI from dairy cattle showing an abrupt drop milk production. They share nearly identical genome sequences, forming new genotype B3.13 within the clade. underwent two reassortment events since 2023 and exhibit critical mutations HA, M1, NS genes but lack PB2 PB1 genes, which enhance virulence or adaptation to mammals. E627K mutation human case underscores potential for rapid evolution post-infection, highlighting need continued surveillance monitor threats.

Language: Английский

Citations

30
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in a common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in Florida DOI Creative Commons
Allison M. Murawski, Thomas Fabrizio, Robert J. Ossiboff

et al.

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 18, 2024

Abstract Since late 2021, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (H5N1) lineage have caused widespread mortality in wild birds and poultry the United States. Concomitant with spread HPAI are increasing numbers mammalian infections, including captive mesocarnivores carnivores central nervous system involvement. Here we report HPAI, A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b, a common bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) from Florida, Pathological findings include neuronal necrosis inflammation brain meninges, quantitative real time RT-PCR reveal carried highest viral load. Virus isolated contains S246N neuraminidase substitution which leads to reduced inhibition by inhibitor oseltamivir. The increased prevalence atypical hosts its cross-species transmission into species highlights public health importance continued disease surveillance biosecurity protocols.

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in dairy cattle: origin, evolution, and cross-species transmission DOI Creative Commons
Elsayed M. Abdelwhab, Mahmoud M. Naguib, Aitor Nogales

et al.

mBio, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

Since the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b as a novel reassortant from subtype H5N8, has led to massive number outbreaks worldwide in wild and domestic birds. Compared parental HPAIV H5N8 2.3.4.4b, displayed an increased ability escape species barriers infect multiple mammalian species, including humans. The host range been recently expanded include ruminants, particularly dairy cattle United States, where cattle-to-cattle transmission was reported. As with 2.3.4.4.b viruses, cattle-infecting found transmit other contact animals cats, raccoons, rodents, opossums, poultry. Although replication cows appears be mainly confined mammary tissue, high levels viral loads detected milk, infected cats poultry showed severe respiratory disease, neurologic signs, eventually died. Furthermore, several human infections have also reported farm workers were attributed exposures cattle. This is believed represent first mammalian-to-human report H5N1. Fortunately, infection humans cows, opposed animals, mild most cases. Nevertheless, bovine outbreak represents largest mammal close humans, increasing risk that this already adapted further adapts human-to-human starts pandemic. Herein, we discuss epidemiology, evolution, pathogenesis, potential impact identified States. Eventually, interdisciplinary cooperation under One Health framework required able control ongoing stop it before expansion its geographical distribution.

Language: Английский

Citations

26