High number of HPAI H5 virus infections and antibodies in wild carnivores in the Netherlands, 2020–2022 DOI Creative Commons

Irina Chestakova,

Anne van der Linden,

Beatriz Bellido Martin

et al.

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2)

Published: Oct. 16, 2023

In October 2020, a new lineage of clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI virus the H5 subtype emerged in Europe, resulting largest global outbreak to date, with unprecedented mortality wild birds and poultry. The appears have become enzootic birds, continuously yielding novel variants. recently increased abundance infected worldwide increases probability bird-mammal contact, particularly carnivores. Here, we performed molecular serological screening over 500 dead carnivores sequencing RNA positive materials. We show virological evidence for infection 0.8%, 1.4%, 9.9% animals tested 2021, 2022 respectively, highest proportion positives foxes, polecats stone martens. obtained near full genomes 7 viruses detected PB2 amino acid substitutions known play role mammalian adaptation three sequences. Infections were also found without neurological signs or mortality. Serological was 20% study population. These findings suggests that high is but undetected current surveillance programmes. recommend susceptible mammals, irrespective encephalitis.

Language: Английский

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Domestic Dairy Cattle and Cats, United States, 2024 DOI Creative Commons
Eric Burrough,

Drew R. Magstadt,

Barbara J. Petersen

et al.

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(7)

Published: May 1, 2024

We report highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in dairy cattle and cats Kansas Texas, United States, which reflects the continued spread of clade 2.3.4.4b viruses that entered country late 2021. Infected experienced nonspecific illness, reduced feed intake rumination, an abrupt drop milk production, but fatal systemic infection developed domestic fed raw (unpasteurized) colostrum from affected cows. Cow-to-cow transmission appears to have occurred because infections were observed on Michigan, Idaho, Ohio farms where virus-infected cows transported. Although US Food Drug Administration has indicated commercial supply remains safe, detection unpasteurized bovine is a concern potential cross-species transmission. Continued surveillance production animals needed prevent mammal-to-mammal

Language: Английский

Citations

227
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) in marine mammals and seabirds in Peru DOI Creative Commons
Mariana Leguía, Alejandra Garcia-Glaessner,

Breno Muñoz-Saavedra

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A/H5N1 viruses (lineage 2.3.4.4b) are rapidly invading the Americas, threatening wildlife, poultry, and potentially evolving into next global pandemic. In November 2022 HPAI arrived in Peru, triggering massive pelican sea lion die-offs. We report genomic characterization of HPAI/H5N1 five species marine mammals seabirds (dolphins, lions, sanderlings, pelicans cormorants). Peruvian belong to lineage 2.3.4.4b, but they 4:4 reassortants where 4 segments (PA, HA, NA MP) position within Eurasian that initially entered North America from Eurasia, while other (PB2, PB1, NP NS) American (clade C) circulated America. These accruing mutations, including mutations concern, warrant further examination highlight an urgent need for active local surveillance manage outbreaks limit spillover species, humans.

Language: Английский

Citations

204
Spillover of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus to dairy cattle DOI Creative Commons
Leonardo C. Caserta, Elisha Frye, Salman L. Butt

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 634(8034), P. 669 - 676

Published: July 25, 2024

The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus clade 2.3.4.4b has caused the death of millions domestic birds and thousands wild in USA since January 2022 (refs.

Language: Английский

Citations

139
Recent Changes in Patterns of Mammal Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Worldwide DOI Creative Commons
Pablo I. Plaza, Víctor Gamarra-Toledo,

Juan Rodríguez Euguí

et al.

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(3)

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

We reviewed information about mammals naturally infected by highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus subtype H5N1 during 2 periods: the current panzootic (2020-2023) and previous waves of infection (2003-2019). In panzootic, 26 countries have reported >48 mammal species virus; in some cases, has affected thousands individual animals. The geographic area number event are considerably larger than infection. most plausible source both periods appears to be close contact with birds, including their ingestion. Some studies, especially suggest that mammal-to-mammal transmission might responsible for infections; mutations found could help this pathogen replicate mammals. may changing adapting infect Continuous surveillance is essential mitigate risk a global pandemic.

Language: Английский

Citations

90
Sialic Acid Receptor Specificity in Mammary Gland of Dairy Cattle Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus DOI Creative Commons
Rahul K. Nelli, Tyler A. Harm,

Chris Siepker

et al.

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(7)

Published: June 12, 2024

In March 2024, the US Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service reported detection highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in dairy cattle United States for first time. One factor that determines susceptibility to HPAI H5N1 infection is presence specific receptors on host cells; however, little known about distribution sialic acid (SA) cattle, particularly mammary glands. We compared SA respiratory tract gland naturally infected with H5N1. The glands H5N1-infected are rich SA, virus-specific α2,3-gal. Mammary tissues co-stained acids A nucleoprotein showed predominant co-localization exhibited epitheliotropism within gland, we observed rare immunolabeling macrophages.

Language: Английский

Citations

38
A single mutation in bovine influenza H5N1 hemagglutinin switches specificity to human receptors DOI Creative Commons
Ting-Hui Lin, Xueyong Zhu, Shengyang Wang

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 386(6726), P. 1128 - 1134

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

In 2024, several human infections with highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b bovine influenza H5N1 viruses in the United States raised concerns about their capability for bovine-to-human or even human-to-human transmission. this study, analysis of hemagglutinin (HA) from first-reported human-infecting virus (A/Texas/37/2024, Texas) revealed avian-type receptor binding preference. Notably, a Gln 226 Leu substitution switched Texas HA specificity to human-type receptors, which was enhanced when combined an Asn 224 Lys mutation. Crystal structures avian analog LSTa and its mutant LSTc elucidated structural basis preferential recognition. These findings highlight need continuous surveillance emerging mutations viruses.

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in dairy cattle: origin, evolution, and cross-species transmission DOI Creative Commons
Elsayed M. Abdelwhab, Mahmoud M. Naguib, Aitor Nogales

et al.

mBio, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

Since the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b as a novel reassortant from subtype H5N8, has led to massive number outbreaks worldwide in wild and domestic birds. Compared parental HPAIV H5N8 2.3.4.4b, displayed an increased ability escape species barriers infect multiple mammalian species, including humans. The host range been recently expanded include ruminants, particularly dairy cattle United States, where cattle-to-cattle transmission was reported. As with 2.3.4.4.b viruses, cattle-infecting found transmit other contact animals cats, raccoons, rodents, opossums, poultry. Although replication cows appears be mainly confined mammary tissue, high levels viral loads detected milk, infected cats poultry showed severe respiratory disease, neurologic signs, eventually died. Furthermore, several human infections have also reported farm workers were attributed exposures cattle. This is believed represent first mammalian-to-human report H5N1. Fortunately, infection humans cows, opposed animals, mild most cases. Nevertheless, bovine outbreak represents largest mammal close humans, increasing risk that this already adapted further adapts human-to-human starts pandemic. Herein, we discuss epidemiology, evolution, pathogenesis, potential impact identified States. Eventually, interdisciplinary cooperation under One Health framework required able control ongoing stop it before expansion its geographical distribution.

Language: Английский

Citations

26
An Update on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus, Clade 2.3.4.4b DOI
Richard J. Webby, Timothy M. Uyeki

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 230(3), P. 533 - 542

Published: Sept. 15, 2024

Abstract Since the resurgence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, during 2021, these viruses have spread widely among birds worldwide, causing poultry outbreaks and infections a wide range terrestrial marine mammal species. During 2024, HPAI was detected in dairy cattle for first time caused an ongoing multistate outbreak, with high levels virus documented raw cow milk. Human 2.3.4.4b from exposures to infected or resulted spectrum illness severity, conjunctivitis mild respiratory severe fatal pneumonia different countries. Vigilance, stronger global virologic surveillance birds, poultry, mammals, humans, characterization rapid data sharing, is needed inform threat viruses, as they continue evolve, public health.

Language: Английский

Citations

24
Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Seals, St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada1 DOI Creative Commons
Stéphane Lair, Louise Quesnel, Anthony V. Signore

et al.

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(6)

Published: May 21, 2024

Abstract We describe an unusual mortality event caused by a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus clade 2.3.4.4b involving harbor (Phoca vitulina) and gray (Halichoerus grypus) seals in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada, 2022. Fifteen (56%) of submitted for necropsy were considered to be fatally infected HPAI H5N1 containing fully Eurasian or Eurasian/North American genome constellations. Concurrently, presence large numbers bird carcasses with at seal haul-out sites most likely contributed spillover infection seals. Histologic changes included meningoencephalitis (100%), fibrinosuppurative alveolitis, multiorgan acute necrotizing inflammation. This report fatal pinnipeds Canada raises concerns about expanding host this virus, potential establishment marine mammal reservoir, public health risks associated mammals. Nous décrivons un événement de mortalité inhabituelle causé par l'influenza aviaire hautement pathogène chez des phoques communs et gris dans l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent au Québec, en Quinze soumis pour nécropsie ont été considérés comme étant fatalement infectés le lignées eurasiennes ou réassortiment eurasiennes/nord-américaines. Un grand nombre simultané d'oiseaux sur les d'échouement probablement contribué à la contamination ces phoques. Les changements histologiques associés cette incluaient: méningo-encéphalite alvéolite fibrinosuppurée inflammation nécrosante aiguë multi-organique. Cette documentation soulève préoccupations quant l'émergence mortels, possibilité d'établissement réservoirs mammifères marins, aux risques santé publique propagations mammifères.

Citations

22
Dairy cows inoculated with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 DOI Creative Commons
Amy L. Vincent Baker, Bailey Arruda, Mitchell V. Palmer

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

21